Description of the Nymphal Stages of Hoplopleura affinis (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the Striped Field Mouse Apodemus agrarius with a Global Checklist of Hoplopleura Species from the Genus Apodemus
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Lice and Host Material
- Specimens intended for analysis under a light microscope were prepared by slide-mounting in polyvinyl-lactophenol [15].
- Individuals intended for analysis with scanning electron microscopy were subjected to a series of alcohols (80–100%) and then dried in a mix of ethyl alcohol and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 proportions. Finally, the specimens were transferred to pure HMDS and placed in an incubator for 24 h (37 °C) [16]. The specimens were stuck to double-sided copper tape (by Mierzejewski Materiały Samoprzylepne) and fixed on the table of a scanning electron microscope. Observations and photographs were performed with the use of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope JSM—7800F (manufacturer JEOL; stocked in Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding—Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland).
2.2. The Checklist
3. Results
3.1. Description of Nymphal Stages
3.2. Checklist of Hoplopleura spp. on Murid Rodents of the Genus Apodemus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Physico-Geographical Region | Apodemus agrarius Collection Numbers | Location | Hoplopleura affinis Collection Numbers | Comments | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | Voivodeship | GPS Data | ||||
CENTRAL EUROPEAN LOWLAND | ||||||
Central Poland Lowlands | 2 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa122K, UGDIZPMRMAa123K) | Niemce | Lublin | 51°21′ N 22°37′ E | 11 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf1m-UGDIZPMAgHaf11m) | 2 cases of co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata |
36 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf12f-UGDIZPMAaAHHaf47f) | ||||||
1 first instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf48N1), | ||||||
1 third instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf49N3) | ||||||
Southern Baltic Coastlands | 6 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa156K, UGDIZPMRMAa157K, UGDIZPMRMAa161K-UGDIZPMRMAa163K, UGDIZPMRMAa177K) | Arciszewo | Pomeranian | 54°15′ N 18°33′ E | 1 female (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf50f) | |
4 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa4K, UGDIZPMRMAa172K-UGDIZPMRMAa174K) | Gdynia | Pomeranian | 54°29′ N 18°25′ E | 2 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf51m, UGDIZPMAaAHHaf52m) | Co-occurrence of H. affinis-H. acanthopus | |
15 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf53f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf67f) | ||||||
1 third instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf68N3) | measurements—light microscopy; photos—scanning microscopy | |||||
1 specimen (UGDIZPMRMAa151K) | Gdańsk 1 | Pomeranian | 54°22′ N 18°36′ E | 3 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf69f-UGDIZPMAaAHHaf71f) | ||
1 specimen (UGDIZPMRMAa155K) | Gdańsk 2 | Pomeranian | 54°25′ N 18°36′ E | no specimens | ||
1 specimen (UGDIZPMRMAa178K) | Hopowo | Pomeranian | 54°15′ N 18°14′ E | 1 female (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf72f) | ||
1 specimen (UGDIZPMRMAa179K) | Łebieniec | Pomeranian | 54°43′ N 17°36′ E | 7 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf73m- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf79m) | ||
21 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf80f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf100f) | ||||||
1 first instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf101N1) | measurements | |||||
7 s instar nymphs (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf102N2- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf108N2) | measurements | |||||
2 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa175K, UGDIZPMRMAa176K) | Swarożyn | Pomeranian | 54°02′ N 18°39′ E | no specimens | ||
48 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa5K- UGDIZPMRMAa50K; UGDIZPMRMAa170K, UGDIZPMRMAa171K) | Tczew | Pomeranian | 54°06′ N 18°46′ E | 1 male (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf109m) | ||
CZECH MASSIF | ||||||
Sudety Mts and Sudety Foreland | 3 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa1K- UGDIZPMRMAa3K) | Nowa Ruda | Lower Silesia | 50°31′ N 16°33′ E | no specimens | |
POLISH UPLANDS | ||||||
Lublin-Lviv Upland | 11 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa66K- UGDIZPMRMAa73K, UGDIZPMRMAa76K, UGDIZPMRMAa127K, UGDIZPMRMAa128K) | Kijany | Lublin | 51°19′ N 22°46′ E | 2 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf110m, UGDIZPMAaAHHaf111m) | 2 cases of co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata |
22 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf112f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf133f) | ||||||
1 first instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf134N1) | ||||||
26 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa86K, UGDIZPMRMAa87K, UGDIZPMRMAa89K- UGDIZPMRMAa91K, UGDIZPMRMAa93K- UGDIZPMRMAa114K) | Łęczna | Lublin | 51°18′ N 22°52′ E | 5 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf135m- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf139m) | 2 cases of co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata | |
23 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf140f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf162f) | ||||||
4 first instar nymphs (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf163N1- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf166N1) | ||||||
1 s instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf167N2) | measurements—light microscopy | |||||
2 third instar nymphs (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf168N3, UGDIZPMAaAHHaf169N3) | ||||||
10 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa51K- UGDIZPMRMAa60K) | Nowogród | Lublin | 51°19′ N 22°47′ E | 3 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf170m-UGDIZPMAaAHHaf172m) | Co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata | |
3 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf173f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf175f) | ||||||
WESTERN CARPATHIANS and WESTERN AND NORTHERN SUBCARPATHIANS | ||||||
Outer Western Carpathians | 19 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa61K- UGDIZPMRMAa65K, UGDIZPMRMAa74K, UGDIZPMRMAa75K, UGDIZPMRMAa77K- UGDIZPMRMAa85K, UGDIZPMRMAa88K, UGDIZPMRMAa92K, UGDIZPMRMAa121K) | Rymanów | Subcarpathian | 49°35′ N 21°50′ E | 10 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf176m- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf185m) | 2 cases of co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata |
31 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf186f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf216f) | ||||||
1 first instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf217N1) | ||||||
1 s instar nymph (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf218N2) | measurements—light microscopy; photos—scanning microscopy | |||||
EASTERN BALTIC-BELARUS LOWLAND | ||||||
14 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa115K- UGDIZPMRMAa120K, UGDIZPMRMAa124K, UGDIZPMRMAa125K, UGDIZPMRMAa136K, UGDIZPMRMAa137K, UGDIZPMRMAa140K, UGDIZPMRMAa141K, UGDIZPMRMAa149K, UGDIZPMRMAa150K) | Chełm | Lublin | 51°07′ N 23°28′ E | 3 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf219m- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf221m) | 3 cases of co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata | |
6 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf222f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf227f) | ||||||
17 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa126K, UGDIZPMRMAa129K- UGDIZPMRMAa135K, UGDIZPMRMAa138K, UGDIZPMRMAa139K, UGDIZPMRMAa142K- UGDIZPMRMAa148K) | Strupin Duży | Lublin | 51°05′ N 23°30′ E | 5 males (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf228m-UGDIZPMAaAHHaf232m) | 4 cases of co-occurrence of H. affinis-P. serrata | |
12 females (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf233f- UGDIZPMAaAHHaf244f) | ||||||
Eastern Baltic Coastland | 3 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa164K, UGDIZPMRMAa168K, UGDIZPMRMAa169K) | Stare Jabłonki | Warmian-Masurian | 53°42′ N 20°04′ E | no specimens | |
4 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa152K, UGDIZPMRMAa153K, UGDIZPMRMAa165K, UGDIZPMRMAa166K) | Kleszczewo | Greater Poland | 54°11′ N 18°30′ E | no specimens | ||
4 specimens (UGDIZPMRMAa154K, UGDIZPMRMAa158K-UGDIZPMRMAa160K) | Słomowo | Greater Poland | 52°21′ N 17°32′ E | 1 male (UGDIZPMAaAHHaf245m) | ||
no data | UGDIZPMAaAHHaf246f | |||||
UGDIZPMAaAHHaf247f |
Host | Host Distribution | Hoplopleura Species | Parasite Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) | Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia | H. acanthopus [6,7,25] | Holarctic region 1 |
H. affinis [2,4,6,7,25] | Eurasia | ||
Apodemus alpicola Heinrich, 1952 | endemic to North West parts of the Alps | no data | no data |
Apodemus argenteus Temminck, 1844 | endemic to Japan | H. akanezumi [6] | Japan, Taiwan |
H. himenezumi [2,4,6,20] | Japan | ||
H. inagakii [6] | Japan | ||
Apodemus chevrieri Milne-Edwards, 1868 | West Central China | H. affinis [2,4] | Eurasia |
Apodemus draco Barrett-Hamilton, 1900 = Apodemus ilex Thomas, 1922 | China and North East India | no data | no data |
Apodemus epimelas (Nehring, 1902) | South Eastern Europe | no data | no data |
Apodemus flavicolis (Melchior, 1834) | Europe and western Asia | H. acanthopus [6,7,22,23,25] | Holarctic region 1 |
H. affinis [2,4,7] | Eurasia | ||
H. edentula [7] | Eurasia | ||
H. himalayana [4,6,21] | India | ||
Apodemus gurkha Thomas, 1924 | endemic to Nepal | H. pacifica [5] | cosmopolitan (in tropical, subtropical and southern temperature zones) 2 |
Apodemus hyrcanicus Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, and Mezhzherin, 1992 | South Caucasus to Central Asia | no data | no data |
Apodemus latronum Thomas, 1911 | China, India and Burma | no data | no data |
Apodemus mystacinus Danford and Alston, 1877 | Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro | no data | no data |
Apodemus pallipes Barrett-Hamilton, 1900 = Apodemus wardi (Wroughton, 1908) | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Nepal and Pakistan | H. affinis [5] | Eurasia |
H. captiosa [5] | cosmopolitan (probably) 3 | ||
H. himalayana [2,4] | India | ||
H. pacifica [5] | cosmopolitan (in tropical, subtropical and southern temperature zones) 2 | ||
Apodemus peninsulae Thomas, 1906 | Northeastern Asia, including the Russian Far East, northern China, the Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin and Hokkaidō | no data | no data |
Apodemus ponticus Sviridenko, 1936 | endemic to the Caucasus | no data | no data |
Apodemus rusiges Miller, 1913 | India, Nepal and Pakistan | H. himalayana [2,4] | India |
Apodemus semotus Thomas, 1908 | endemic to Taiwan | H. akanezumi [2,4] | Japan 4, Taiwan |
Apodemus speciosus Temminck, 1844 | endemic to Japan | H. acanthopus [6] | Holarctic region 1 |
H. affinis [2,4] | Eurasia | ||
H. akanezumi [2,4,6] | Japan, Taiwan | ||
H. himenezumi [6] | Japan | ||
H. inagakii [6] | Japan | ||
Apodemus sylvaticus Linnaeus, 1758 | Europe and North Western Africa | H. acanthopus [6,22,23,25] | Holarctic region 1 |
H. affinis [2,4,6,24,25] | Eurasia | ||
H. captiosa [25] | cosmopolitan (probably) 3 | ||
Apodemus uralensis (Pallas, 1811) = A. microps Kratochvíl and Rosicky, 1952 | Central Europe and Asia | H. acanthopus [6,7] | Holarctic region 1 |
H. affinis [7] | Eurasia | ||
Apodemus witherbyi Thomas, 1902 | Eastern Europe, Near East and Central Asia | H. affinis [8] | Eurasia |
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Kozina, P.; Izdebska, J.N.; Łopucki, R. Description of the Nymphal Stages of Hoplopleura affinis (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the Striped Field Mouse Apodemus agrarius with a Global Checklist of Hoplopleura Species from the Genus Apodemus. Insects 2022, 13, 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020107
Kozina P, Izdebska JN, Łopucki R. Description of the Nymphal Stages of Hoplopleura affinis (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the Striped Field Mouse Apodemus agrarius with a Global Checklist of Hoplopleura Species from the Genus Apodemus. Insects. 2022; 13(2):107. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020107
Chicago/Turabian StyleKozina, Paulina, Joanna N. Izdebska, and Rafał Łopucki. 2022. "Description of the Nymphal Stages of Hoplopleura affinis (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the Striped Field Mouse Apodemus agrarius with a Global Checklist of Hoplopleura Species from the Genus Apodemus" Insects 13, no. 2: 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020107