The Control of the American Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) in European Vineyards: Impact of Synthetic and Natural Insecticides
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. 2017
3.2. 2018
3.3. 2019
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Active | Trade | Concentration | Dose | Group | Number of |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredients | Mark | Applications | ||||
2017 | Untreated control | - | - | - | - | - |
Acetamiprid | Epik SL | 50 g/L | 150 mL/hL | Neonicotinoids | 1 | |
Thiamethoxam | Actara 25 WG | 25% | 20 g/hL | Neonicotinoids | 1 | |
Lambda-cyhalothrin | Karate Zeon | 9.40% | 25 mL/hL | Pyrethroids | 1 | |
Buprofezin | Applaud Plus | 25.00% | 200 g/hL | Thiadiazines | 1 | |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl | Reldan LO | 21.40% | 150 mL/hL | Organophosphates | 1 | |
Pyrethrins | Biopiren Plus | 18.6 g/L | 160 mL/hL | Pyrethrins | 2 | |
Pyrethrins + | Biopiren Plus + | 18.6 g/L | 160 mL/hL | Pyrethrins + | 2 | |
mineral oil | Chemol Plus | 80% | 500 mL/hL | Mineral oils | ||
Potassium salts | Ciopper | 455 g/L | 150 mL/hL | Salts | 2 | |
Mineral oil | Chemol Plus | 80% | 500 mL/hL | Mineral oils | 2 | |
Kaolin | Surround | 95% | 4 Kg/hL | Kaolin | 2 | |
2018 | Untreated control | - | - | - | - | - |
Acetamiprid | Epik SL | 50 g/L | 150 mL/hL | Neonicotinoids | 1 | |
Lambda-cyhalothrin | Karate Zeon | 9.40% | 25 mL/hL | Pyrethroids | 1 | |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl | Reldan LO | 21.40% | 150 mL/hL | Organophosphates | 1 | |
Pyrethrins | Biopiren Plus | 18.6 g/L | 160 mL/hL | Pyrethrins | 2 | |
Potassium salts | Ciopper | 455 g/L | 150 mL/hL | Organic salts | 2 | |
Mineral oil | Chemol Plus | 80% | 500 mL/hL | Mineral oils | 2 | |
Kaolin | Surround | 95% | 4 Kg/hL | Kaolin | 2 | |
2019 | Untreated | - | - | - | - | - |
Acetamiprid | Epik SL | 50 g/L | 150 mL/hL | Neonicotinoids | 1 | |
Flupyradifurone | Sivanto Prime | 200 g/L | 60 mL/hL | Butenolides | 1 | |
Pyrethrins | Biopiren Plus | 18.6 g/L | 160 mL/hL | Pyrethrins | 2 | |
Pyrethrins + | Biopiren Plus + | 18.6 g/L | 160 mL/hL | Pyrethrins + | 2 | |
mineral oil | Oliocin | 80% | 500 mL/hL | Mineral oils |
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Tirello, P.; Marchesini, E.; Gherardo, P.; Raniero, D.; Rossetto, F.; Pozzebon, A.; Duso, C. The Control of the American Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) in European Vineyards: Impact of Synthetic and Natural Insecticides. Insects 2021, 12, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020085
Tirello P, Marchesini E, Gherardo P, Raniero D, Rossetto F, Pozzebon A, Duso C. The Control of the American Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) in European Vineyards: Impact of Synthetic and Natural Insecticides. Insects. 2021; 12(2):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020085
Chicago/Turabian StyleTirello, Paola, Enrico Marchesini, Pamela Gherardo, Damiano Raniero, Filippo Rossetto, Alberto Pozzebon, and Carlo Duso. 2021. "The Control of the American Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) in European Vineyards: Impact of Synthetic and Natural Insecticides" Insects 12, no. 2: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020085