A Survey of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Florida
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tick Collections
2.2. DNA Extractions
2.3. Pathogen Screening
3. Results
3.1. Tick Collections
3.2. Pathogen Screening
3.3. Comparison of DNA Extraction Protocols
3.4. Pathogen Detection and Human Cases in Florida
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anaplasmosis | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ehrlichiosis | 13 | 20 | 17 | 23 | 16 | 23 | 12 |
Lyme disease | 22 | 39 | 21 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 27 |
Spotted fever rickettsiosis | 9 | 20 | 15 | 21 | 12 | 7 | 15 |
Pathogen | Target Gene | Primer Sequences 5’-3’ | Positive Control | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anaplasma/Ehrlichia | groESL | gro607F GAAGATGC(A/T)GT(A/T)GG(A/T)TGTAC(G/T)GC gro677F ATTACTCAGAGTGCTTCTCA(A/G)TG gro1294R AG(A/C)GCTTC(A/T)CCTTC(A/T)AC(A/G)TC(C/T)TC gro1121R TGCATACC(A/G)TCAGT(C/T)TTTTCAAC | E. chaffensis | [40] |
Borrelia | Flagellin b | FlaLL ACATATTCAGATGCAAGACAGA FlaRL GCAATCATAGCCATTGCAGATTGT FlaLS AACAGCTGAAGAGCTTGGAATG FlaRS CTTTGATCACTTATCATTCTAATAGC | B. lonestari | [41] |
Rickettsia | ompA | Rr 190.70p ATGGCGAATATTTCTCCAAAA 190.701 GTTCCGTTAATGGCAGCATCT | R.sp endosymbiont | [42] |
Species | Spring 16 | Summer 16 | Fall 16 | Winter 16–17 | Spring 17 | Summer 17 | Fall 17 | Winter 17–18 | Spring 18 | Summer 18 | Fall 18 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. americanum | ||||||||||||
Adult | 60 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 5 | 34 | 33 | 173 | 0 | 402 |
Nymph | 133 | 89 | 0 | 8 | 75 | 0 | 75 | 30 | 238 | 106 | 156 | 910 |
Larvae | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
A. maculatum | ||||||||||||
Adult | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Nymph | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
D. variabilis | ||||||||||||
Adult | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 46 |
I. scapularis | ||||||||||||
Adult | 10 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 62 | 0 | 7 | 18 | 36 | 2 | 0 | 230 |
Nymph | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Tick Species | Pathogen Species | No. Positive/No. Tested (%) [95% CI] | % Identical (Accession #) * |
---|---|---|---|
I. scapularis | B. burgdorferi | 1/233 (0.43%) [0–0.02] | 98% (AF264895.1) |
I. scapularis | R. endosymbiont | 80/233 (34.3%) [0.3–0.42] | 98% (AB002268) |
D. variabilis | R. endosymbiont | 1/46 (2.2%) [0–0.11] | 97% (AB002268) |
D. variabilis | B. lonestari | 1/46(2.2%) [0–0.11] | 99% (AF273670) |
A. americanum | B. lonestari | 17/1312 (1.29%) [0.01–0.02] | 100% (AF273670) |
A. americanum | E. ewingii | 2/1312 (0.16%) [0–0.001] | 98% (AF195273) |
A. americanum | R. amblyommatis | 391/1312 (29%) [0.27–0.32] | 100% (CP003334) |
A. americanum | R. parkeri | 2/1312 (0.16%) [0–0.01] | 99.7% (MH247927) |
A. maculatum | R. andeanae | 1/4 (25%) [0.05–0.7] | 100% (KY628370) |
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De Jesus, C.E.; Ganser, C.; Kessler, W.H.; White, Z.S.; Bhosale, C.R.; Glass, G.E.; Wisely, S.M. A Survey of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Florida. Insects 2019, 10, 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090297
De Jesus CE, Ganser C, Kessler WH, White ZS, Bhosale CR, Glass GE, Wisely SM. A Survey of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Florida. Insects. 2019; 10(9):297. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090297
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Jesus, Carrie E., Claudia Ganser, William H. Kessler, Zoe S. White, Chanakya R. Bhosale, Gregory E. Glass, and Samantha M. Wisely. 2019. "A Survey of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Florida" Insects 10, no. 9: 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090297