Survival and Development of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages on Dry Beans, non-Bt, Cry1F, and Vip3A Maize
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Insects, Plants and Laboratory Conditions
2.2. Larval Stage
2.3. Active Larval Stage
2.4. Inactive Larval Period (Prepupal Period)
2.5. Pupal Stage
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall Development
3.2. Active Larval Period
3.3. Inactive Larval Period (Prepupal Period)
3.4. Pupal Stage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Survival Curves Comparisons | df | χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|
General comparison among all curves | 3 | 913.00 | <0.001 |
Dry beans x Cry1F maize | 1 | 19.0 | <0.001 |
Dry beans x Non-Bt maize | 1 | 32.2 | <0.001 |
Dry bean x Vip3A maize | 1 | 422.0 | <0.001 |
Cry1F maize x Non-Bt maize | 1 | 88.8 | <0.001 |
Cry1F maize x Vip3A maize | 1 | 331.0 | <0.001 |
Vip3A maize x Non-Bt maize | 1 | 345.0 | <0.001 |
Dry Beans (n = 16) | Non-Bt (n = 34) | Cry1F (n = 30) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Instar | Mean ± SE | Growth ratio | Mean ± SE | Growth ratio | Mean ± SE | Growth ratio |
I | 0.39 ± 0.01 a | --- | 0.37 ± 0.01 a | --- | 0.39 ± 0.00 a | --- |
II | 0.62 ± 0.01 a | 1.59 | 0.55 ± 0.01 b | 1.49 | 0.56 ± 0.01 b | 1.44 |
III | 0.92 ± 0.02 a | 1.48 | 0.88 ± 0.01 b | 1.6 | 0.83 ± 0.02 b | 1.48 |
IV | 1.46 ± 0.03 a | 1.59 | 1.32 ± 0.02 b | 1.5 | 1.32 ± 0.04 b | 1.60 |
V | 2.12 ± 0.06 a | 1.45 | 1.96 ± 0.02 a | 1.48 | 2.00 ± 0.04 a | 1.51 |
VI | 2.92 ± 0.04 a | 1.39 | 2.85 ± 0.01 a | 1.45 | 2.93 ± 0.04 a | 1.46 |
VII | 3.33 ± 0.06 b | 1.13 | 3.64 ± 0.02 a | 1.28 | 3.66 ± 0.02 a | 1.25 |
Mean | --- | 1.44 | --- | 1.47 | --- | 1.46 |
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G. Montezano, D.; Hunt, T.E.; Specht, A.; C. Luz, P.M.; Peterson, J.A. Survival and Development of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages on Dry Beans, non-Bt, Cry1F, and Vip3A Maize. Insects 2019, 10, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100343
G. Montezano D, Hunt TE, Specht A, C. Luz PM, Peterson JA. Survival and Development of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages on Dry Beans, non-Bt, Cry1F, and Vip3A Maize. Insects. 2019; 10(10):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100343
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Montezano, Débora, Thomas E. Hunt, Alexandre Specht, Priscila M. C. Luz, and Julie A. Peterson. 2019. "Survival and Development of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages on Dry Beans, non-Bt, Cry1F, and Vip3A Maize" Insects 10, no. 10: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100343