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Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/lubricants13080340
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Article

An Experimental Study on the Impact of Roughness Orientation on the Friction Coefficient in EHL Contact

by
Matthieu Cordier
1,2,
Yasser Diab
2,
Jérôme Cavoret
1,
Fida Majdoub
2,
Christophe Changenet
2,* and
Fabrice Ville
1
1
INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
2
LabECAM, ECAM LaSalle, 69005 Lyon, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Lubricants 2025, 13(8), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13080340
Submission received: 25 June 2025 / Revised: 25 July 2025 / Accepted: 29 July 2025 / Published: 31 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental Modelling of Tribosystems)
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Abstract

Optimising the friction coefficient helps reduce friction losses and improve the efficiency of mechanical systems. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the impact of roughness orientation on the friction coefficient in elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contact. Tests were carried out on a twin-disc machine. Three pairs of discs of identical material (nitrided steel) and geometry were tested: a smooth pair (the root mean square surface roughness Sq = 0.07 µm), a pair with transverse roughness and another with longitudinal roughness. The two rough pairs have similar roughness amplitudes (Sq = 0.5 µm). A comparison of the friction generated by these different pairs was carried out to highlight the effect of the roughness orientation under different operating conditions (oil injection temperature from 60 to 80 °C, Hertzian pressure from 1.2 to 1.5 GPa and mean rolling speed from 5 to 30 m/s). Throughout all the tests conducted in this study, longitudinal roughness resulted in higher friction than transverse, with an increase of up to 30%. Moreover, longitudinal roughness is more sensitive to variations in operating conditions. Finally, in all tests, the asperities of longitudinal roughness were found to influence the friction behaviour, unlike transverse roughness.
Keywords: friction coefficient; roughness orientation; traction curves; twin-disc machine; experimental study friction coefficient; roughness orientation; traction curves; twin-disc machine; experimental study

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cordier, M.; Diab, Y.; Cavoret, J.; Majdoub, F.; Changenet, C.; Ville, F. An Experimental Study on the Impact of Roughness Orientation on the Friction Coefficient in EHL Contact. Lubricants 2025, 13, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13080340

AMA Style

Cordier M, Diab Y, Cavoret J, Majdoub F, Changenet C, Ville F. An Experimental Study on the Impact of Roughness Orientation on the Friction Coefficient in EHL Contact. Lubricants. 2025; 13(8):340. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13080340

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cordier, Matthieu, Yasser Diab, Jérôme Cavoret, Fida Majdoub, Christophe Changenet, and Fabrice Ville. 2025. "An Experimental Study on the Impact of Roughness Orientation on the Friction Coefficient in EHL Contact" Lubricants 13, no. 8: 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13080340

APA Style

Cordier, M., Diab, Y., Cavoret, J., Majdoub, F., Changenet, C., & Ville, F. (2025). An Experimental Study on the Impact of Roughness Orientation on the Friction Coefficient in EHL Contact. Lubricants, 13(8), 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13080340

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