Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Carbon-Based Thin Films and Their Lubrication Performance
2.1. Diamond-Like Carbon Films
2.2. Carbon-Based Tribofilms Produced by Catalytic Coatings
2.3. Carbon-Based Tribofilms Produced by Organic Additives
2.4. Carbon-Based Tribofilms Produced by Catalyst Additives
3. Tribochemistry and Mechanistic of the Formation of Carbon-Based Tribofilms
4. Characterizations of Carbon-Based Tribofilms by Analytical Techniques
4.1. Raman Spectroscopy
4.2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
4.3. Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscope (S/TEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) Combination
4.4. Mechanical Analysis
5. Compatibility of Carbon Tribofilms with Other Lubricant Additives
6. Outlooks
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coating Systems | ID/IG | sp2/sp3 | sp3/(sp2 +sp3) (%) | [H]total (%) | Thermal Stress (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DLC-Si | 0.712 | 0.95 | 51.2 | 48.0 | 16.87 |
DLC-(20 nm Cr)-Si | 0.669 | 1.64 | 37.9 | 42.2 | 36.50 |
DLC-(20 nm Al)-Si | 0.673 | 2.01 | 33.2 | 40.0 | 55.30 |
DLC-(40 nm Cr)-Si | 0.664 | 2.17 | 31.5 | 39.1 | 48.64 |
DLC-(40 nm Al)-Si | 0.296 | 2.65 | 27.4 | 36.9 | 75.95 |
DLC-Steel | 0.939 | 1.07 | 48.3 | 46.7 | 179.70 |
DLC-(20 nm Cr)-Steel | 1.553 | 0.50 | 66.6 | 53.1 | 178.10 |
DLC-(20 nm Al)-Steel | 1.361 | 0.80 | 55.6 | 49.5 | 115.00 |
DLC-(40 nm Cr)-Steel | 1.488 | 0.48 | 67.6 | 56.0 | 177.10 |
DLC-(40 nm Al)-Steel | 1.604 | 0.64 | 61.0 | 51.3 | 111.30 |
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Huynh, K.K.; Pham, S.T.; Tieu, K.A.; Wan, S. Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications. Lubricants 2023, 11, 327. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080327
Huynh KK, Pham ST, Tieu KA, Wan S. Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications. Lubricants. 2023; 11(8):327. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080327
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuynh, Khai K., Sang T. Pham, Kiet A. Tieu, and Shanhong Wan. 2023. "Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications" Lubricants 11, no. 8: 327. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080327