The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Vaginal Melanoma: A Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential Synergistic Role of Immunotherapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Imaging Modalities and Diagnostic Process
3.2. Radiotherapy Techniques
3.3. Combination with Immunotherapy or Other Systemic Treatments
3.4. Clinical Outcomes
4. Discussion
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author (Year) | N. of Patients Treated | Age | Radiotherapy Setting | RT Technique | Radiotherapy Schedule | Concurrent or Sequential Systemic Treatment | G ≥ 3 Toxicity | Clinical Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petru et al. (1998) [14] | 2 | 73 | definitive | EBRT | 50 Gy/25 fx | none | none | 1 local recurrence after 20 months, 1 distant progression after 2 months |
Ohno et al. (2007) [15] | 1 | 55 | definitive | CIRT | 57.6 GyRBE/16 fx | dacarbazine | none | Complete response after 12 months, death by disease after 18 months |
McGuire et al. (2008) [16] | 1 | 71 | definitive | EBRT + BRT | 46 Gy/23 fx + BRT 103Pd implant 100 Gy | none | none | After 12 months local control, distant progression due to polymetastatic spread |
Schiavone et al. (2016) [7] | 3 | 61.5 | definitive/neoadjuvant (2 patients received surgery about one month after RT) | EBRT (SBRT) | 30 Gy/5 fx (n = 2); 60.2 Gy/28 fx (n = 1) | ipilimumab | 1 acute G3 colitis; 1 acute G3 skin toxicity | 2 patients NED; 1 death by disease after 16 months |
Mesko et al. (2017) [18] | 1 | 70 | definitive | EBRT (photons + electrons) | 45 Gy/25 fx + electron boost up to 63 Gy | ipilimumab | 1 acute G3 skin toxicity | NED after 15 months of follow-up |
Murata et al. (2019) [19] | 22 | 71 | definitive | CIRT | 36 GyRBE + boost up to 64 GyRBE/16 fx | Interferon (n = 9); nivolumab (n = 1) | 3 acute G3 skin toxicities | 2 years LC = 71%; 2 years OS = 53%; 2 years DPFS = 29% |
Barcellini et al. (2019) [20] | 2 | 60.5 | definitive | CIRT | 38.7 GyRBE/9 fx + boost up to 68.8 GyRBE | none | none | 1 patient developed distant progression after 12.6 months; 1 patient received salvage surgery after 11 months for suspected local recurrence |
Parisi et al. (2020) [20] | 1 | 80 | definitive | EBRT (SBRT) | 24 Gy/3 fx | pembrolizumab | none | Complete response after 12 months; NED at 18 months of follow-up |
Sezen et al. (2021) [21] | 1 | 73 | palliative (metastatic patient) | EBRT (SBRT) | 30 Gy/5 fx | ipilimumab + nivolumab | none | NED after 32 months from initial diagnosis (patients treated to 4 metastatic sites with SBRT in combination with immunotherapy) |
Schonewolf et al. (2021) [22] | 1 | 80 | definitive | EBRT (SBRT) | 30 Gy/5 fx | pembrolizumab | none | Complete local response + potential abscopal effect |
Yin et al. (2022) [23] | 1 | 55 | definitive | EBRT | 70 Gy/35 fx | temozolomide + anlotinib + toripalimab | none | 24 months local control, distant progression after 6 months |
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Cuccia, F.; D’Alessandro, S.; Blasi, L.; Chiantera, V.; Ferrera, G. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Vaginal Melanoma: A Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential Synergistic Role of Immunotherapy. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071142
Cuccia F, D’Alessandro S, Blasi L, Chiantera V, Ferrera G. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Vaginal Melanoma: A Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential Synergistic Role of Immunotherapy. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(7):1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071142
Chicago/Turabian StyleCuccia, Francesco, Salvatore D’Alessandro, Livio Blasi, Vito Chiantera, and Giuseppe Ferrera. 2023. "The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Vaginal Melanoma: A Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential Synergistic Role of Immunotherapy" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 7: 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071142