Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemical and Reagents
2.2. Methanolic Extraction of Artichoke Leaves
2.3. Animals and Experimental Protocol
2.4. Assessment of Locomotor Function
2.5. Sample Preparation
2.6. Measurement of Oxidative Stress
2.7. Measurement of Klotho and PPARγ Protein Levels
2.8. Measurement of Apoptotic Marker Levels
2.9. Routine Histological and Hematoxylin Eosin (H&E) Procedure
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Locomotor Activity Results
3.2. Results of Oxidative Stress
3.3. Results of PPARγ and Klotho Levels
3.4. Results of Apoptotic Protein Levels
3.5. Histopathological Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C Group | DEN Group | DEN + A1 Group | DEN + A2 Group | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Degeneration in neurons | − | +++ | ++ | + |
Necrosis in neurons | − | +++ | ++ | + |
Hyperemia | − | +++ | +++ | ++ |
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Cicek, B.; Genc, S.; Yeni, Y.; Kuzucu, M.; Cetin, A.; Yildirim, S.; Bolat, I.; Kantarci, M.; Hacimuftuoglu, A.; Lazopoulos, G.; et al. Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122012
Cicek B, Genc S, Yeni Y, Kuzucu M, Cetin A, Yildirim S, Bolat I, Kantarci M, Hacimuftuoglu A, Lazopoulos G, et al. Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(12):2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122012
Chicago/Turabian StyleCicek, Betul, Sidika Genc, Yesim Yeni, Mehmet Kuzucu, Ahmet Cetin, Serkan Yildirim, Ismail Bolat, Mecit Kantarci, Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu, Georgios Lazopoulos, and et al. 2022. "Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 12: 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122012