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Article

Circulating and Salivary NGF and BDNF Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Predictor Biomarkers of COVID-19 Disease—Preliminary Data

by
Filippo Biamonte
1,2,
Agnese Re
1,3,
Bijorn Omar Balzamino
4,
Gabriele Ciasca
5,
Daniela Santucci
6,
Cecilia Napodano
1,3,
Giuseppina Nocca
3,7,
Antonella Fiorita
3,8,
Mariapaola Marino
3,9,
Umberto Basile
1,3,*,
Alessandra Micera
4,* and
Cinzia Anna Maria Callà
1,3
1
Dipartimento di Scienze, Laboratoristiche ed Infettivologiche, UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
2
Laboratorio Patologia Clinica, Associazione dei Cavalieri Italiani del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta ACISMOM San Giovanni Battista, 00148 Rome, Italy
3
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
4
Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy
5
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
6
Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
7
Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
8
Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
9
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(11), 1877; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111877
Submission received: 29 September 2022 / Revised: 24 October 2022 / Accepted: 6 November 2022 / Published: 9 November 2022
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Abstract

COVID-19 continues to afflict the global population, causing several pathological diseases and exacerbating co-morbidities due to SARS-CoV-2’s high mutation. Recent interest has been devoted to some neuronal manifestations and to increased levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the bloodstream during SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurotrophins that are well-known for their multifactorial actions on neuro-immune-endocrine and visual functions. Nineteen (19) patients were enrolled in this monocentric prospective study and subjected to anamnesis and biosamples collection (saliva and blood) at hospitalization (acute phase) and 6 months later (remission phase). NGF and BDNF were quantified by ELISA, and biochemical data were related to biostrumental measurements. Increased NGF and BDNF levels were quantified in saliva and serum during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection (hospitalized patients), and reduced levels were observed in the next 6 months (remission phase), never matching the baseline values. Salivary and circulating data would suggest the possibility of considering sera and saliva as useful matrices for quickly screening neurotrophins, in addition to SARS-CoV2 antigens and RNA. Overall, the findings described herein highlight the importance of NGF and BDNF as dynamic biomarkers for monitoring disease and reinforces the possibility of using saliva and sera for quick, non-invasive COVID-19 screening.
Keywords: COVID-19; NGF; BDNF; SARS-CoV-2; stress; neuroinflammation; dynamic biomarkers COVID-19; NGF; BDNF; SARS-CoV-2; stress; neuroinflammation; dynamic biomarkers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Biamonte, F.; Re, A.; Balzamino, B.O.; Ciasca, G.; Santucci, D.; Napodano, C.; Nocca, G.; Fiorita, A.; Marino, M.; Basile, U.; et al. Circulating and Salivary NGF and BDNF Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Predictor Biomarkers of COVID-19 Disease—Preliminary Data. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111877

AMA Style

Biamonte F, Re A, Balzamino BO, Ciasca G, Santucci D, Napodano C, Nocca G, Fiorita A, Marino M, Basile U, et al. Circulating and Salivary NGF and BDNF Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Predictor Biomarkers of COVID-19 Disease—Preliminary Data. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(11):1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111877

Chicago/Turabian Style

Biamonte, Filippo, Agnese Re, Bijorn Omar Balzamino, Gabriele Ciasca, Daniela Santucci, Cecilia Napodano, Giuseppina Nocca, Antonella Fiorita, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile, and et al. 2022. "Circulating and Salivary NGF and BDNF Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Predictor Biomarkers of COVID-19 Disease—Preliminary Data" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 11: 1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111877

APA Style

Biamonte, F., Re, A., Balzamino, B. O., Ciasca, G., Santucci, D., Napodano, C., Nocca, G., Fiorita, A., Marino, M., Basile, U., Micera, A., & Callà, C. A. M. (2022). Circulating and Salivary NGF and BDNF Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Predictor Biomarkers of COVID-19 Disease—Preliminary Data. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(11), 1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111877

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