Prognostic Nutritional Index and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography: A Clinical Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Laboratory Measurements
2.4. Definition of CVD Risk Factors and Health Conditions
2.5. PNI Scores for Malnutrition Risk Assessment
2.6. Outcome Measurements
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Associations between Malnutrition Risk and the Incident MCEs
3.3. Subgroup Analyses
3.4. Receiver Operating Characteristic Analyses to Predict MCEs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total (n = 485) | High PNI (n = 362) | Low PNI (n = 123) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics factors | ||||
Men (n, %) | 253 (52.16%) | 188 (51.93%) | 65 (52.85%) | 0.861 |
Elderly (n, %) | 235 (48.45%) | 158 (43.65%) | 77 (62.60%) | <0.001 |
Lifestyle risk factors | ||||
Current smoking (n, %) | 92 (18.97%) | 78 (21.55%) | 14 (11.38%) | 0.013 |
Current drinking (n, %) | 21 (4.33%) | 19 (5.25%) | 2 (1.63%) | 0.088 |
Baseline health status | ||||
Overall overweight/obesity (n, %) | 301 (62.06%) | 234 (64.64%) | 67 (54.47%) | 0.045 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 279 (57.53%) | 202 (55.80%) | 77 (62.60%) | 0.187 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 388 (80.00%) | 292 (80.66%) | 96 (78.05%) | 0.531 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 390 (80.41%) | 293 (80.94%) | 97 (78.86%) | 0.616 |
Coronary artery disease (n, %) | 328 (67.63%) | 244 (67.40%) | 84 (68.29%) | 0.855 |
Metabolic risk factor | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.08 (24.13–28.06) | 26.11 (24.29–28.08) | 25.96 (23.51–28.08) | 0.467 |
SBP (mmHg) | 138.00 (124.00–152.50) | 138.00 (124.00–152.00) | 138.00 (124.00–154.00) | 0.953 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.00 (68.50–84.00) | 77.00 (69.00–84.25) | 78.00 (67.00–83.00) | 0.837 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.40 (4.70–6.80) | 5.40 (4.70–6.80) | 5.20 (4.68–6.82) | 0.483 |
2 hPG (mmol/L) | 12.133 ± 3.76 | 12.09 ± 3.94 | 12.28 ± 3.21 | 0.774 |
HbA1 c (%) | 6.30 (5.80–7.48) | 6.30 (5.90–7.20) | 6.30 (5.60–7.80) | 0.642 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.88 (1.41–2.54) | 1.94 (1.49–2.61) | 1.64 (1.23–2.29) | 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.47 (3.78–5.34) | 4.51 (3.85–5.33) | 4.31 (3.63–5.36) | 0.402 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 0.98 (0.82–1.14) | 0.99 (0.84–1.13) | 0.94 (0.80–1.16) | 0.158 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.49 (1.91–3.20) | 2.51 (1.94–3.18) | 2.35 (1.78–3.23) | 0.381 |
PNI Scores (Low vs. High) | Hazard Ratios | 95% Confidence Intervals | p |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 2.579 | 1.450–4.590 | 0.001 |
Model 2 | 2.406 | 1.334–4.337 | 0.004 |
Model 3 | 2.592 | 1.426–4.711 | 0.002 |
Model 4 | 2.593 | 1.418–4.742 | 0.002 |
Variable | Total (N) | MCE (N) | MCE (%) | Hazard Ratios | 95% Confidence Intervals | p | p for Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics factors | |||||||
Gender | 0.015 | ||||||
Men | 253 | 24 | 9.49 | 0.845 | 0.314–2.273 | 0.739 | |
Women | 232 | 23 | 9.91 | 5.055 | 2.160–11.828 | <0.001 | |
Age range | 0.051 | ||||||
<65 | 250 | 18 | 7.20 | 0.808 | 0.225–2.904 | 0.744 | |
≥65 | 235 | 29 | 12.34 | 4.202 | 1.920–9.198 | <0.001 | |
Baseline health status | |||||||
Overall overweight/Obesity | 0.604 | ||||||
Yes | 301 | 30 | 9.97 | 2.842 | 1.318–6.129 | 0.008 | |
No | 184 | 17 | 9.24 | 2.811 | 0.987–8.006 | 0.053 | |
Diabetes | 0.376 | ||||||
Yes | 279 | 30 | 10.75 | 1.810 | 0.804–4.076 | 0.152 | |
No | 206 | 17 | 8.25 | 4.195 | 1.514–11.623 | 0.006 | |
Hypertension | 0.429 | ||||||
Yes | 388 | 41 | 10.57 | 2.860 | 1.488–5.498 | 0.002 | |
No | 97 | 6 | 6.19 | 1.126 | 0.164–7.746 | 0.904 | |
Dyslipidemia | 0.384 | ||||||
Yes | 390 | 34 | 8.72 | 2.253 | 1.087–4.669 | 0.029 | |
No | 95 | 13 | 13.68 | 4.520 | 1.432–14.272 | 0.010 | |
Coronary heart disease | 0.314 | ||||||
Yes | 328 | 36 | 10.98 | 2.102 | 1.034–4.272 | 0.040 | |
No | 157 | 11 | 7.01 | 4.406 | 1.174–16.532 | 0.028 |
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Hu, X.; Sang, K.; Chen, C.; Lian, L.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, X.; Zhou, Q.; Deng, H.; Yang, B. Prognostic Nutritional Index and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography: A Clinical Retrospective Study. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1679. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101679
Hu X, Sang K, Chen C, Lian L, Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhou Q, Deng H, Yang B. Prognostic Nutritional Index and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography: A Clinical Retrospective Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(10):1679. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101679
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Xiang, Kanru Sang, Chen Chen, Liyou Lian, Kaijing Wang, Yaozhang Zhang, Xuedong Wang, Qi Zhou, Huihui Deng, and Bo Yang. 2022. "Prognostic Nutritional Index and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography: A Clinical Retrospective Study" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 10: 1679. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101679