Very Long-Term Follow-Up in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Wider Paced QRS Equals Worse Prognosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Collection
2.2. Initial ECG Recordings
2.3. Definition of CRT Responders
2.4. Definition of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy vs. Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
2.5. Long-Term Follow-Up Collection
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Follow-Up Duration
3.3. Adverse Events
3.4. Survival
3.5. Possible Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Survivors n = 36 | Deceased n = 52 | Entire Population n = 102 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 70 ± 10 | 76 ± 9 | 74 ± 10 | 0.03 |
Weight (kg) | 86 ± 16 | 86 ± 19 | 85 ± 19 | 0.56 |
NYHA Class | 2.7 ± 1 | 3.17 ± 1 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
CHA2DS2-Vasc | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 5.5 ± 2.5 | 4.7 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
GFR (mL/min) | 56.7 ± 6.7 | 48.3 ± 12.8 | 51.4 ± 11.6 | 0.007 |
Atrial Fibrillation (%) | 47.4 | 49.1 | 47 | 0.94 |
Arterial Hypertension (%) | 50 | 61.8 | 62 | 0.116 |
Type II Diabetes (%) | 26.3 | 29.1 | 28 | 0.818 |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 23.7 | 60 | 45 | 0.01 |
NICM (%) | 86.5 | 51.9 | 67.3 | 0.01 |
Male Gender (%) | 65.8 | 85.5 | 75 | 0.042 |
Clinical Responder (%) | 89.5 | 67.3 | 77.5 | 0.014 |
LVEF (%) | 30.7 ± 12.3 | 28.8 ±7.7 | 29.4 ± 9.7 | 0.77 |
NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 1534 ± 1781 | 5339 ± 7676 | 3658 ± 6086 | 0.02 |
No pacing (ms) | 162.6 ± 33 | 170.3 ± 34.8 | 166.6 ± 33.3 | 0.173 |
BIV pacing (ms) | 149.3 ± 27.8 | 173.7 ± 30.2 | 162.0 ± 31.4 | <0.001 |
LV pacing (ms) | 177.5 ± 33.8 | 202 ± 40.4 | 191.5 ± 38.4 | <0.001 |
RV pacing (ms) | 199.9 ± 28.3 | 210.7 ± 34.7 | 205.7 ± 32.4 | 0.035 |
Δ LV paced–RV paced (ms) | −22.4 ± 37.2 | −8.7 ± 30.8 | −14.5 ± 33.6 | 0.078 |
Primary Endpoint | Primary Endpoint | Secondary Endpoint | Secondary Endpoint | |
---|---|---|---|---|
p-Value Univariate Cox Regression {HR (95% CI)} | p-Value Multivariate Cox Regression {HR (95% CI)} | p-Value Univariate Cox Regression {HR (95% CI)} | p-Value Multivariate Cox Regression {HR (95% CI)} | |
QRS width with no pacing | 0.09 {1.01(0.99–1.02)} | 0.3 {1.00(1.00–1.01)} | ||
QRS width during BIV pacing | 0.02 {2.51(1.39–4.57)} | 0.01 {3.89(1.36–11.14)} | 0.05 {1.57(1.00–2.49)} | |
QRS width during LV pacing | <0.001 {1.01(1.01–1.02)} | 0.006 {1.01(1.00–1.02)} | ||
QRS width during RV pacing | 0.09 {1.01(1.00–1.02)} | 0.12 {1.01(0.99–1.01)} | ||
ΔQRS width during LV paced– QRS width during RV paced | 0.03 {1.01(1.00–1.02)} | 0.19 {1.00(0.99–1.01)} | ||
Age (Years) | 0.03 {1.04 (1.00–1.07} | 0.07 {1.02(0.99–1.04)} | ||
Male Gender (%) | 0.074 {0.48(0.21–1.07)} | 0.1 {0.63(0.36–1.09)} | ||
Weight (kg) | 0.52 {0.99 (0.98–1.01)} | 0.56 {1.00(0.99–1.02)} | ||
NYHA Class | <0.001 {2.40 (1.40–4.13)} | 0.03 {2.46(1.08–5.58)} | 0.01 {1.68(1.31–2.48)} | 0.04 {1.71(1.02–2.88)} |
CHA2DS2-Vasc | <0.001 {1.24(1.10–1.40)} | 0.07 {1.13(1.03–1.23)} | ||
GFR (ml/min) | 0.007 {0.96(0.93–0.98)} | 0.19 {0.98(0.96–1.01)} | ||
Atrial Fibrillation (%) | 0.94 {0.75(−0.53–0.69)} | 0.97{1.01(0.64–1.59)} | ||
Arterial Hypertension (%) | 0.004 {1.62(1.17–2.25)} | 0.11 {1.31(0.94–1.81)} | ||
Type II Diabetes (%) | 0.818 {0.94(−0.70–0.63)} | 0.922 {1.03(0.62–1.70)} | ||
Coronary artery disease (%) | 0.001 {2.81(1.56–5.05)} | 0.002 {2.04(1.29–3.23)} | ||
NICM (%) | 0.01 {0.31(0.17–0.56)} | 0.003 {0.23(0.09–0.60)} | 0.004 {0.49(0.30–0.80)} | |
Clinical Responder (%) | 0.008 {0.44(0.24–0.81)} | 0.77 {0.85(0.27–2.63)} | 0.03 {0.56(0.32–0.95)} | |
LVEF (%) | 0.56 {0.99(0.95–1.03)} | 0.30 {0.99(0.96–1.01)} | ||
NT-proBNP (ng/L) | <0.001 {1.0(1.0–1.0)} | <0.001 {1.0(1.0–1.0)} |
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Leitz, P.; Köbe, J.; Rath, B.; Reinke, F.; Frommeyer, G.; Andresen, C.; Güner, F.; Wolfes, J.; Lange, P.S.; Ellermann, C.; et al. Very Long-Term Follow-Up in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Wider Paced QRS Equals Worse Prognosis. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111176
Leitz P, Köbe J, Rath B, Reinke F, Frommeyer G, Andresen C, Güner F, Wolfes J, Lange PS, Ellermann C, et al. Very Long-Term Follow-Up in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Wider Paced QRS Equals Worse Prognosis. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(11):1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111176
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeitz, Patrick, Julia Köbe, Benjamin Rath, Florian Reinke, Gerrit Frommeyer, Christian Andresen, Fatih Güner, Julian Wolfes, Philipp S. Lange, Christian Ellermann, and et al. 2021. "Very Long-Term Follow-Up in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Wider Paced QRS Equals Worse Prognosis" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 11: 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111176