Prognostic Insights into Orbital Metastases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Patient Cohort
- 2.
- Data Collection
- Demographic data: Age at diagnosis and gender.
- Clinical findings: Presenting symptoms, laterality of orbital involvement, and specific signs such as proptosis, pain, vision changes, and diplopia.
- Tumor characteristics: Primary tumor type, location of the orbital metastasis, and histopathological diagnosis.
- Treatment modalities: Information regarding systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical intervention, or other treatments received for orbital metastasis.
- Survival outcomes: Overall survival time from the diagnosis of orbital metastasis until the last follow-up or death.
- 3.
- Subgroup Analyses
- Age groups: Pediatric (<18 years) and adult (≥19 years). Subgroups (0–19 years, 20–39 years, 40–59 years, 60–79 years, ≥80 years)
- Gender: Male and female.
- Primary tumor type: Major primary tumor categories, including breast cancer, lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and others, were analyzed to assess their impact on clinical presentation and survival.
- 4.
- Statistical Analysis
- 5.
- Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Patient Demographics and Tumor Characteristics
3.2. Primary Tumor Distribution
3.3. Age Distribution and Primary Tumor Correlation
3.4. Survival Outcomes
3.5. Time to Metastasis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Site | Tumor Type | Number of Patients | % of Total | Male (n) | Female (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast | Carcinoma | 21 | 25.3% | 0 | 21 |
Prostate Gland | Carcinoma | 3 | 3.6% | 3 | 0 |
Lung | Carcinoma | 9 | 10.8% | 5 | 4 |
Skin | Melanoma (n = 4), SCC (n = 2), BCC (n = 1) | 7 | 8.4% | 3 | 4 |
Adrenal Gland | Neuroblastoma | 16 | 19.2% | 5 | 11 |
Gastrointestinal Tract | Carcinoma | 3 | 3.6% | 2 | 1 |
Urinary Tract | Carcinoma | 2 | 2.4% | 2 | 0 |
Bone | Sarcoma (n = 5), Myeloma (n = 5) | 10 | 12.0% | 6 | 4 |
Primary Site | 0–19 Years | 20–39 Years | 40–59 Years | 60–79 Years | ≥80 Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast | 0 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 1 |
Prostate Gland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Lung | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 |
Skin | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
Adrenal Gland | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Tract | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Urinary Tract | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Bone | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
Category | Subgroup | Mean Survival (Day) | Median Survival (Day) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 400.4 | 127.0 | 0.037 |
Male | 165.4 | 70.0 | ||
Age Group | <18 years | 332.0 | 245.0 | 0.473 |
≥19 years | 311.1 | 80.0 | ||
Primary Tumor | Breast | 383.0 | 86.0 | 0.721 |
Neuroblastoma | 338.0 | 204.0 | ||
Others | 358.0 | 70.0 |
Age Group | Mean Time to Metastasis (Year) | Median Time to Metastasis (Year) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
0–19 years | 1.03 | 2.0 | 0.664 |
20–39 years | 3.40 | 4.0 | |
40–59 years | 6.87 | 3.0 | |
60–79 years | 5.09 | 7.0 | |
≥80 years | 1.66 | 2.0 |
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Ulas, B.; Ozcan, A.A.; Celikten, F.A.; Kaya, O.; Bayram, E. Prognostic Insights into Orbital Metastases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 2542. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192542
Ulas B, Ozcan AA, Celikten FA, Kaya O, Bayram E. Prognostic Insights into Orbital Metastases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(19):2542. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192542
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlas, Burak, Altan Atakan Ozcan, Feyza Alara Celikten, Omer Kaya, and Ertugrul Bayram. 2025. "Prognostic Insights into Orbital Metastases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes" Diagnostics 15, no. 19: 2542. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192542
APA StyleUlas, B., Ozcan, A. A., Celikten, F. A., Kaya, O., & Bayram, E. (2025). Prognostic Insights into Orbital Metastases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes. Diagnostics, 15(19), 2542. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192542