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Diagnostics
Volume 15
Issue 19
10.3390/diagnostics15192463
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Review

Boerhaave Syndrome—Narrative Review

by
Dragos Predescu
1,2,
Florin Achim
1,2,*,
Bogdan Socea
1,3,
Alexandru Rotariu
1,2,
Alex-Claudiu Moraru
1,2,
Anthony Rasuceanu
1,2,
Carmen Constantin
1,4,
Cristian Gelu Rosianu
1,5 and
Adrian Constantin
1,2
1
Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
2
Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania
3
Department of Surgery, Sf. Pantelimon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
4
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania
5
Department of Gastroenterology, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2025, 15(19), 2463; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192463
Submission received: 29 June 2025 / Revised: 22 September 2025 / Accepted: 23 September 2025 / Published: 26 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Boerhaave syndrome (BS) and subsequent septic mediastinitis represent a complex cascade of events from esophageal perforation to septic shock. The pathophysiology involves chemical injury, polymicrobial contamination, cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation disorders, and ultimately multiple organ failure. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for proper therapeutic management that can interrupt this lethal sequence. Due to the complexity of this condition, it is almost impossible to develop a feasible treatment protocol for every situation. The article, through a literature review, evaluates the pathophysiological mechanisms, the consequences of spontaneous esophageal rupture, as well as the therapeutic techniques available for these situations. These elements are the basis of the management of spontaneous esophageal rupture, which involves adapting and customizing the treatment for each patient.
Keywords: Boerhaave syndrome; esophageal perforation; esophageal rupture; mediastinitis; endoscopic treatment Boerhaave syndrome; esophageal perforation; esophageal rupture; mediastinitis; endoscopic treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Predescu, D.; Achim, F.; Socea, B.; Rotariu, A.; Moraru, A.-C.; Rasuceanu, A.; Constantin, C.; Rosianu, C.G.; Constantin, A. Boerhaave Syndrome—Narrative Review. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 2463. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192463

AMA Style

Predescu D, Achim F, Socea B, Rotariu A, Moraru A-C, Rasuceanu A, Constantin C, Rosianu CG, Constantin A. Boerhaave Syndrome—Narrative Review. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(19):2463. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192463

Chicago/Turabian Style

Predescu, Dragos, Florin Achim, Bogdan Socea, Alexandru Rotariu, Alex-Claudiu Moraru, Anthony Rasuceanu, Carmen Constantin, Cristian Gelu Rosianu, and Adrian Constantin. 2025. "Boerhaave Syndrome—Narrative Review" Diagnostics 15, no. 19: 2463. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192463

APA Style

Predescu, D., Achim, F., Socea, B., Rotariu, A., Moraru, A.-C., Rasuceanu, A., Constantin, C., Rosianu, C. G., & Constantin, A. (2025). Boerhaave Syndrome—Narrative Review. Diagnostics, 15(19), 2463. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192463

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