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Volume 14
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10.3390/diagnostics14060601
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Comment published on 20 May 2024, see Diagnostics 2024, 14(10), 1061.
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Case Report

Fatal Deterioration of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in an Infant with Abnormal Muscularization of Intra-Acinar Pulmonary Arteries: Autopsy and Histological Findings

by
Nunzio Cosimo Mario Salfi
1,
Gianluca Vergine
2,
Maurizio Poloni
2,
Sara Metalli
2,
Barbara Bigucci
2,
Francesca Facondini
3,
Gianmatteo Pedrazzi
3,
Francesca Masciopinto
3,
Laura Bernabè
3,
Vittorio Sambri
4,5 and
Maria Paola Bonasoni
6,*
1
Pathology Unit, Infermi Hospital, Viale Settembrini, 2, 47900 Rimini, Italy
2
Department of Pediatrics, Infermi Hospital, Viale Settembrini, 2, 47900 Rimini, Italy
3
Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, Viale Settembrini, 2, 47900 Rimini, Italy
4
Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy
5
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)—Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
6
Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060601
Submission received: 29 January 2024 / Revised: 29 February 2024 / Accepted: 11 March 2024 / Published: 12 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents a global and noteworthy cause of hospitalization and death in infants of less than 1 year of age. The typical clinical manifestation is bronchiolitis, an inflammatory process of the small airways. The symptoms are usually a brief period of low-grade fever, cough, coryza, breathing difficulties, and reduced feeding. The progression of the disease is difficult to predict, even in previous healthy subjects. Symptoms may also be subtle and underestimated, thus leading to sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). In these cases, RSV infection is discovered at autopsy, either histologically or through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on nasopharyngeal swabs. Herein, we describe a case of RSV infection in a 6-month-old infant with no risk factors, who rapidly deteriorated and unexpectedly died of respiratory insufficiency in a hospital setting. RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs revealed RSV. The autopsy showed diffuse lymphogranulocytic bronchitis and bronchiolitis, and multiple foci of acute pneumonia. Abnormal muscularization of the intra-acinar pulmonary arteries was also observed, which likely contributed to worsening the lung impairment.
Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus; bronchiolitis; anomalous pulmonary lobation; abnormal muscularization of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries; sudden death respiratory syncytial virus; bronchiolitis; anomalous pulmonary lobation; abnormal muscularization of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries; sudden death

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MDPI and ACS Style

Salfi, N.C.M.; Vergine, G.; Poloni, M.; Metalli, S.; Bigucci, B.; Facondini, F.; Pedrazzi, G.; Masciopinto, F.; Bernabè, L.; Sambri, V.; et al. Fatal Deterioration of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in an Infant with Abnormal Muscularization of Intra-Acinar Pulmonary Arteries: Autopsy and Histological Findings. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060601

AMA Style

Salfi NCM, Vergine G, Poloni M, Metalli S, Bigucci B, Facondini F, Pedrazzi G, Masciopinto F, Bernabè L, Sambri V, et al. Fatal Deterioration of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in an Infant with Abnormal Muscularization of Intra-Acinar Pulmonary Arteries: Autopsy and Histological Findings. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(6):601. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060601

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo Mario, Gianluca Vergine, Maurizio Poloni, Sara Metalli, Barbara Bigucci, Francesca Facondini, Gianmatteo Pedrazzi, Francesca Masciopinto, Laura Bernabè, Vittorio Sambri, and et al. 2024. "Fatal Deterioration of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in an Infant with Abnormal Muscularization of Intra-Acinar Pulmonary Arteries: Autopsy and Histological Findings" Diagnostics 14, no. 6: 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060601

APA Style

Salfi, N. C. M., Vergine, G., Poloni, M., Metalli, S., Bigucci, B., Facondini, F., Pedrazzi, G., Masciopinto, F., Bernabè, L., Sambri, V., & Bonasoni, M. P. (2024). Fatal Deterioration of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in an Infant with Abnormal Muscularization of Intra-Acinar Pulmonary Arteries: Autopsy and Histological Findings. Diagnostics, 14(6), 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060601

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