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Volume 13
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10.3390/diagnostics13213309
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Article

Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing

by
Karolina Simionescu
1,2,†,
Danuta Łoboda
1,2,*,†,
Mariusz Adamek
3,4,
Jacek Wilczek
1,2,
Michał Gibiński
1,2,
Rafał Gardas
1,2,
Jolanta Biernat
2 and
Krzysztof S. Gołba
1,2
1
Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
2
Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
3
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
4
2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Diagnostics 2023, 13(21), 3309; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213309
Submission received: 29 August 2023 / Revised: 8 October 2023 / Accepted: 24 October 2023 / Published: 25 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient Monitoring and Management in Sleep Medicine)
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Abstract

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), i.e., central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), affects the prognosis of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study assessed the relationships between heart chamber size or function and respiratory parameters in patients with HFrEF and various types of SDB. The 84 participants were patients aged 68.3 ± 8.4 years (80% men) with an average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25.5 ± 6.85% who qualified for cardioverter-defibrillator implantation with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy. SDB, defined by an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ five events/hour, was diagnosed in 76 patients (90.5%); SDB was severe in 31 (36.9%), moderate in 26 (31.0%), and mild in 19 (22.6%). CSA was the most common type of SDB (64 patients, 76.2%). A direct proportional relationship existed only in the CSA group between LVEF or stroke volume (SV) and AHI (p = 0.02 and p = 0.07), and between LVEF or SV and the percentage of total sleep time spent with hemoglobin oxygen saturation < 90% (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07). In contrast, the OSA group was the only group in which right ventricle size showed a positive relationship with AHI (for basal linear dimension [RVD1] p = 0.06), mean duration of the respiratory event (for RVD1 p = 0.03, for proximal outflow diameter [RVOT proximal] p = 0.009), and maximum duration of respiratory event (for RVD1 p = 0.049, for RVOT proximal p = 0.006). We concluded that in HFrEF patients, SDB severity is related to LV systolic function and SV only in CSA, whereas RV size correlates primarily with apnea/hypopnea episode duration in OSA.
Keywords: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; central sleep apnea; obstructive sleep apnea; sleep-disordered breathing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; central sleep apnea; obstructive sleep apnea; sleep-disordered breathing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Simionescu, K.; Łoboda, D.; Adamek, M.; Wilczek, J.; Gibiński, M.; Gardas, R.; Biernat, J.; Gołba, K.S. Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3309. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213309

AMA Style

Simionescu K, Łoboda D, Adamek M, Wilczek J, Gibiński M, Gardas R, Biernat J, Gołba KS. Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(21):3309. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213309

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simionescu, Karolina, Danuta Łoboda, Mariusz Adamek, Jacek Wilczek, Michał Gibiński, Rafał Gardas, Jolanta Biernat, and Krzysztof S. Gołba. 2023. "Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing" Diagnostics 13, no. 21: 3309. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213309

APA Style

Simionescu, K., Łoboda, D., Adamek, M., Wilczek, J., Gibiński, M., Gardas, R., Biernat, J., & Gołba, K. S. (2023). Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Diagnostics, 13(21), 3309. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213309

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