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Article

Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019

by
Juan-Juan Liu
1,
Li-Ping Teng
1,2,
Chun-Zhen Hua
1,*,
Yong-Ping Xie
1,
Yan-Xiang Pan
3,
Bo-Fei Hu
1,
Wei-Lin Hu
1,4 and
Wei-Jian Wang
5
1
Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
2
Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
3
Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
4
Department of Medical Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
5
Department of Research and Development, Health Gene Technologies Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1964; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081964
Submission received: 30 May 2022 / Revised: 8 August 2022 / Accepted: 11 August 2022 / Published: 14 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the common pathogens of viral encephalitis (VE) in children, and to provide guidance for the empirical diagnosis and treatment of patients with VE. Methods: A total of 227 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from pediatric patients with VE in Zhejiang province from January 2018 to December 2019. The samples were tested using multiplex and singleplex Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific to enterovirus (EV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), mumps virus (MuV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)/type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The data of the two analyses were compared and then verified using Sanger sequencing. Results: Of the 227 CSF samples, 90 were shown to be positive for multiplex RT-PCR with a positivity rate of 39.65% and a 95% confidence interval (33.2%, 46.1%). EV was the most common cause of VE, followed by EBV, HHV-6, MuV, CMV, VZV, and HSV-1. Most included cases occurred in summer, accounting for 49.78% of all cases. For EV, EBV, and HSV-2, multiplex RT-PCR showed a positivity rate of 34.36%, which was not statistically different from that of 30.4% shown by singleplex RT-PCR. The sequences of EV, EBV, VZV, MuV, CMV, HSV-1, HHV-6, and HSV-2 were confirmed by sequencing the PCR products obtained from multiplex and singleplex PCR. Conclusions: In children, VE is more prevalent in the summer than in other seasons in Zhejiang province, and EV may be the most common causative pathogen.
Keywords: viral encephalitis; etiology; children; multiplex RT-PCR viral encephalitis; etiology; children; multiplex RT-PCR

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, J.-J.; Teng, L.-P.; Hua, C.-Z.; Xie, Y.-P.; Pan, Y.-X.; Hu, B.-F.; Hu, W.-L.; Wang, W.-J. Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081964

AMA Style

Liu J-J, Teng L-P, Hua C-Z, Xie Y-P, Pan Y-X, Hu B-F, Hu W-L, Wang W-J. Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(8):1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081964

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Juan-Juan, Li-Ping Teng, Chun-Zhen Hua, Yong-Ping Xie, Yan-Xiang Pan, Bo-Fei Hu, Wei-Lin Hu, and Wei-Jian Wang. 2022. "Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019" Diagnostics 12, no. 8: 1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081964

APA Style

Liu, J.-J., Teng, L.-P., Hua, C.-Z., Xie, Y.-P., Pan, Y.-X., Hu, B.-F., Hu, W.-L., & Wang, W.-J. (2022). Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019. Diagnostics, 12(8), 1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081964

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