Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) Expression Characterizes Breast Mucinous Carcinomas in Older Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Classification of Mucinous Carcinoma
2.2. Clinicopathological Analysis
2.3. Immunohistochemical Procedures and Evaluations
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Clinicopathological Features
3.2. Immunohistochemical Study
3.2.1. GCDFP-15
3.2.2. Neuroendocrine Markers
3.2.3. Steroid Hormone Receptors
3.2.4. HER2 and Ki-67 Immunostaining
3.2.5. Comparison between GCDFP-15 Expression and Other Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Apocrine Markers (GCDFP-15/AR)
4.2. GCDFP-15 and AR/PgR Expression
4.3. Expression of Other Immunohistochemical Markers
4.4. Limitations of This Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Antibody | Primary Ab (Clone Name) | Dilution | Antigen Retrieval Method | Intracellular Localization | Positive Thresholds | Supplier |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GCDFP-15 | M (D6) | 1:700 | None | Cp | AS ≥ 4 | SIGNET |
CGA | P | RtoU | None | Cp | AS ≥ 3 | Nichirei |
SYP | M (27G12) | RtoU | None | Cp | AS ≥ 4 | Nichirei |
CD56 | M (MRQ-42) | RtoU | 40 min, pH 9 | Cm | AS ≥ 3 | Nichirei |
AR | M (AR27) | 1:25 | 40 min, pH 9 | N | AS ≥ 3 | Novocastra |
ER | M (SPI) | RtoU | 40 min, pH 9 | N | AS ≥ 3 | Nichirei |
PgR | M (A9621A) | RtoU | 40 min, pH 9 | N | AS ≥ 3 | Nichirei |
HER2 | M (SV2-61γ) | Kit | None | Cm | HS ≥ 3+ | Nichirei |
Ki-67 | M (MIB-1) | 1:200 | 40 min, pH 6 | N | LI ≥ 5% | Dako |
Older Group (≥65 y/o) | Younger Group (<55 y/o) | Fisher’s Exact Test (p-Value) | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of cases | 21 | 16 | |
Age, mean ± SD (range) | 81.7 ± 6.81 (67–92) | 44.6 ± 8.63 (28–55) | |
T category (%) | 0.733 | ||
T0 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
T1 | 7 (33.3%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
T2 | 11 (52.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | |
T3 | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
T4 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
N stage | 1.000 | ||
N0 | 18 (85.7%) | 14 (87.5%) | |
N1 | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
N2, N3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
M category | |||
M0 | 21 (100%) | 16 (100%) | |
M1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
TNM stage | 0.364 | ||
Stage 0 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Stage I | 7 (33.3%) | 8 (50%) | |
Stage II | 13 (61.9%) | 6 (37.5%) | |
Stage III | 1(4.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
Stage IV | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Nuclear grade | 0.832 | ||
Grade I | 4 (19.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | |
Grade II | 10 (47.6%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
Grade III | 7 (33.3%) | 4 (25.0%) |
Median Score (Range) | Median Score (Range) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibodies | Older | Younger | p-Value (Older vs. Younger) | Type A | Type B | p-Value (Type A vs. B) |
Number of cases | 21 | 16 | 23 | 14 | ||
GCDFP-15 | 5 (0–8) | 0 (0–5) | <0.001 | 3 (0–8) | 5.5 (0–8) | 0.014 |
CGA | 0 (0–6) | 2.5 (0–7) | 0.046 | 2 (0–6) | 0 (2–8) | 0.394 |
SYP | 4 (0–8) | 2 (0–8) | 0.059 | 3 (0–8) | 6 (0–8) | 0.186 |
CD56 | 0 (0–7) | 0 (0–3) | 0.201 | 0 (0–6) | 1 (0–7) | 0.237 |
AR | 6 (3–8) | 6 (2–7) | 0.250 | 6 (4–8) | 6 (2–8) | 0.652 |
ER | 8 (6–8) | 7.5 (4–8) | 0.906 | 7 (4–8) | 8 (7–8) | 0.032 |
PgR | 6 (2–8) | 7 (0–8) | 0.376 | 6 (2–8) | 5.5 (0–8) | 0.525 |
HER2 | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 1.000 | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0.904 |
Ki-67 | 1.5 (1–30) | 1.5 (0–15) | 0.874 | 1.5 (0–10) | 1.75 (1–30) | 0.190 |
Median Score (Range) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibodies | Older Type A (1) | Older Type B (2) | Younger Type A (3) | Younger Type B | p-Value (1) (2) (3) (KW Test) | p-Value (1) vs. (2)/(1) vs. (3) (Dunn Test) |
Number of cases | 9 | 12 | 14 | 2 | ||
GCDFP-15 | 5 (0–8) | 6 (3–8) | 0 (0–5) | 0, 0 | <0.001 | 1.000/0.042 |
CGA | 0 (0–6) | 0 (0–6) | 2 (0–6) | 3, 7 | 0.124 | n.a. |
SYP | 4 (0–8) | 5 (0–8) | 2 (0–5) | 6, 8 | 0.024 | 1.000/0.093 |
CD56 | 0 (0–6) | 1 (0–7) | 0 (0–6) | 0, 3 | 0.545 | n.a. |
AR | 7 (4–8) | 6 (3–8) | 6 (4–7) | 7, 2 | 0.447 | n.a. |
ER | 7 (6–8) | 8 (7–8) | 7.5 (4–8) | 7, 8 | 0.077 | n.a. |
PgR | 6 (2–8) | 5.5 (2–8) | 7 (2–8) | 0, 8 | 0.793 | n.a. |
HER2 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 0, 0 | 0.738 | n.a. |
Ki-67 | 1.5 (1–5) | 1.5 (1–30) | 1.25 (0–10) | 5, 15 | 0.248 | n.a. |
Antibodies | Older Type A (1) | Older Type B (2) | Younger Type A (3) | Younger Type B | p-Value (1) vs. (2)/(1) vs. (3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 9 +/− | n = 12 +/− | n = 14 +/− | n = 2 +/− | ||
GCDFP-15 | 7/2 | 11/1 | 2/12 | 0/2 | 0.553/0.007 |
CGA | 4/5 | 3/9 | 6/8 | 2/0 | 0.397/1.000 |
SYP | 6/3 | 7/5 | 3/11 | 2/0 | 1.000/0.077 |
CD56 | 3/6 | 5/7 | 2/12 | 1/1 | 1.000/0.343 |
AR | 8/0 | 10/0 | 14/0 | 1/1 | 1.000/1.000 |
ER | 9/0 | 12/0 | 14/0 | 2/0 | 1.000/1.000 |
PgR | 8/1 | 10/2 | 12/2 | 1/1 | 1.000/1.000 |
HER2 | 0/9 | 0/12 | 1/13 | 0/2 | 1.000/1.000 |
Ki-67 | 1/8 | 3/9 | 4/10 | 2/0 | 0.603/0.611 |
Study | Group | Number of Cases | Mean Age | ER | PgR | HER2 | Ki-67 | Ki-67 Threshold |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Our study | Older (67–92 y/o) | 21 | 81.7 | 100% | 85.7% | 0% | 19% | 5% |
Younger (28–55 y/o) | 16 | 44.6 | 100% | 81.3% | 6.3% | 37.5% | 5% | |
Li et al. [1] | 50–89 y/o | 2730 | n.a. | 96% | 83% | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
30–49 y/o | 516 | n.a. | 91% | 81% | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | |
Di Saverio et al. [38] | 25–85 y/o | 11422 | 68.3 | 94.1% | 81.5% | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
de Andrade Natal et al. [6] | Type A | 17 | 57.0 | 100% | 52.9% | 5.9% | 0% | 14% |
Type B | 23 | 66.0 | 95.7% | 73.9% | 4.3% | 21.7% | 14% | |
Lacroix-Triki et al. [39] | 35 | n.a. | 100% | 85.7% | 2.9% | 8.6% | 10% |
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Kinoshita, M.; Sawabe, M.; Soejima, Y.; Mieno, M.N.; Arai, T.; Honma, N. Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) Expression Characterizes Breast Mucinous Carcinomas in Older Women. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123129
Kinoshita M, Sawabe M, Soejima Y, Mieno MN, Arai T, Honma N. Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) Expression Characterizes Breast Mucinous Carcinomas in Older Women. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123129
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinoshita, Mayumi, Motoji Sawabe, Yurie Soejima, Makiko Naka Mieno, Tomio Arai, and Naoko Honma. 2022. "Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) Expression Characterizes Breast Mucinous Carcinomas in Older Women" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123129