Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Mulch-Free Cotton in Southern Xinjiang
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview and Management of Test Area
2.2. Test Materials and Design
2.3. Observation Indicators and Measurement Methods
RWD (g · m−3) = RG/V
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Different Water Treatments on Soil Water Content in Mulch-Free Cotton Field
3.2. Effects of Different Water Treatments on Root Growth of Mulch-Free Cotton
3.3. Effects of Different Water Treatments on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Kinetic Parameters of Mulch-Free Cotton
3.4. Effects of Different Water Treatments on the SPAD of Mulch-Free Cotton
3.5. Effects of Different Water Treatments on Leaf Area Index (LAI) of Mulch-Free Cotton
3.6. Effects of Different Water Treatments on Stress Biochemical Substances of Mulch-Free Cotton
3.6.1. Effect on Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content
3.6.2. Effect on the Activity of Stress-Protective Enzymes
3.7. Effects of Different Water Treatments on Yield and WUE of Mulch-Free Cotton
3.8. Correlation Analysis Between Different Water Treatments and Root Indexes and Physiological Indexes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Pregnant Bud Stage (5–18) | Early Bud Stage (5–26) | Full Budding Period (6–14) | Early Flowering Stage (6–28) | Full Blooming Period (7–10) | Late Blooming Stage (7–22) | Early Boll Stage (8–5) | Full Boll Stage (8–18) | Early Boll Opening Stage (8–28) | Irrigation Quota |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 30 | 30 | 300 |
W2 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 45 | 45 | 52.5 | 45 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 375 |
W3 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 54 | 54 | 63 | 54 | 45 | 45 | 450 |
W4 | 52.5 | 52.5 | 52.5 | 63 | 63 | 73.5 | 63 | 52.5 | 52.5 | 525 |
W5 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 72 | 72 | 84 | 72 | 60 | 60 | 600 |
WCK | 45 | 45 | 45 | 54 | 54 | 63 | 54 | 45 | 45 | 450 |
Treatment | Early Bud Stage (6–10) | Full Budding Period (6–17) | Full Budding Period (6–20) | Early Flowering Stage (6–24) | Early Flowering Stage (6–27) | Early Flowering Stage (7–1) | Early Flowering Stage (7–7) | Full Flowering Period (7–11) | Full Flowering Period (7–13) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P12 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 36 | 45 | 0 | 45 |
P10 | 36 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 54 | 0 |
P8 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 63 |
P6 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 81 | 0 |
Treatment | Full Flowering Period (7–19) | Full Flowering Period (7–21) | Full Flowering Period (7–26) | Early Boll Stage (8–2) | Early Boll Stage (8–10) | Full Boll Stage (8–12) | Full Boll Stage (8–18) | Early Boll Opening Stage (8–28) | Irrigation Quota |
P12 | 45 | 0 | 45 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 36 | 36 | 450 |
P10 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 36 | 36 | 450 |
P8 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 450 |
P6 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 450 |
Period | Process | F0 | Fm | FV | FV/Fm | FV/F0 | Fm/F0 | PIABS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bud stage | W1 | 216.33 a | 723.00 c | 514.73 d | 0.65 d | 2.18 d | 3.26 cd | 2.45 d |
W2 | 206.00 ab | 724.00 c | 524.41 cd | 0.67 cd | 2.32 cd | 3.18 d | 2.99 c | |
W3 | 194.33 bc | 740.67 c | 535.64 c | 0.69 bc | 2.26 d | 3.32 cd | 3.24 c | |
W4 | 188.00 c | 824.67 b | 535.86 c | 0.71 b | 2.55 bc | 3.49 bc | 3.38 c | |
W5 | 173.00 d | 831.00 b | 598.73 b | 0.71 b | 2.69 b | 3.61 b | 4.38 b | |
WCK | 198.33 bc | 910.67 a | 740.57 a | 0.77 a | 3.41 a | 4.43 a | 7.66 a | |
Blossom period | W1 | 246.33 a | 733.67 d | 545.91 d | 0.72 c | 2.52 d | 3.57 d | 5.54 c |
W2 | 219.00 b | 754.33 cd | 562.91 cd | 0.73 c | 2.79 c | 3.69 cd | 5.20 c | |
W3 | 214.00 bc | 773.67 c | 580.93 cd | 0.75 bc | 2.84 c | 3.82 cd | 6.42 b | |
W4 | 193.00 d | 792.33 c | 602.00 c | 0.74 c | 3.00 c | 3.87 c | 6.61 b | |
W5 | 185.67 d | 847.00 b | 657.94 b | 0.78 b | 3.40 b | 4.48 b | 8.63 a | |
WCK | 210.67 c | 937.67 a | 740.25 a | 0.81 a | 4.20 a | 5.04 a | 9.09 a | |
Boll stage | W1 | 275.00 a | 819.67 c | 568.27 d | 0.73 bc | 2.73 c | 3.52 d | 6.34 d |
W2 | 264.00 b | 849.33 bc | 596.90 c | 0.69 b | 2.48 c | 3.74 c | 7.21 d | |
W3 | 256.00 bc | 868.33 bc | 609.99 c | 0.74 b | 2.89 bc | 3.83 c | 8.49 c | |
W4 | 247.33 cd | 891.67 b | 654.23 b | 0.74 b | 2.88 bc | 3.89 c | 8.53 c | |
W5 | 244.33 d | 855.33 bc | 643.71 b | 0.77 ab | 3.48 ab | 4.31 b | 10.55 b | |
WCK | 258.00 b | 981.00 a | 750.63 a | 0.80 a | 4.04 a | 5.25 a | 11.79 a | |
Lint stage | W1 | 201.67 a | 585.00 d | 403.58 c | 0.64 d | 1.99 d | 2.98 d | 2.23 d |
W2 | 189.67 b | 612.33 cd | 423.48 c | 0.67 cd | 2.02 d | 3.03 d | 3.16 c | |
W3 | 182.67 bc | 726.33 b | 522.13 b | 0.69 bc | 2.32 c | 3.26 c | 4.08 b | |
W4 | 176.67 cd | 639.67 c | 426.30 c | 0.70 bc | 2.22 c | 3.22 c | 3.84 b | |
W5 | 170.67 d | 761.00 a | 543.65 b | 0.73 ab | 2.49 b | 3.48 b | 4.83 a | |
WCK | 183.67 bc | 792.33 a | 604.15 a | 0.76 a | 2.82 a | 3.68 a | 5.00 a |
Period | Process | F0 | Fm | FV | FV/Fm | FV/F0 | Fm/F0 | PIABS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bud stage | P12 | 192.67 c | 694.67 a | 408.29 a | 0.60 a | 1.52 a | 2.51 a | 1.16 a |
P10 | 271.67 b | 622.33 b | 384.32 b | 0.55 ab | 1.49 a | 2.24 b | 0.84 b | |
P8 | 245.00 b | 622.00 b | 335.08 c | 0.52 bc | 1.21 b | 2.22 b | 0.46 c | |
P6 | 324.00 a | 568.33 c | 321.05 c | 0.47 c | 1.18 b | 2.18 b | 0.44 c | |
Blossom period | P12 | 289.33 b | 916.33 a | 682.54 a | 0.70 a | 2.51 a | 3.50 a | 3.52 a |
P10 | 278.33 b | 852.00 ab | 575.75 b | 0.64 bc | 1.88 b | 3.39 a | 2.79 bc | |
P8 | 288.67 b | 795.67 b | 549.38 b | 0.67 ab | 2.36 a | 2.71 b | 3.2 ab | |
P6 | 439.67 a | 641.67 c | 474.07 c | 0.60 c | 1.66 c | 2.49 b | 2.47 c | |
Boll stage | P12 | 288.33 b | 993.33 a | 750.93 a | 0.80 a | 3.91 a | 4.91 a | 9.51 a |
P10 | 243.33 b | 990.00 a | 711.43 b | 0.74 b | 3.28 b | 4.06 b | 9.12 a | |
P8 | 386.00 a | 920.00 b | 745.26 ab | 0.73 b | 3.06 b | 4.27 b | 6.31 b | |
P6 | 430.67 a | 915.67 b | 660.39 c | 0.65 c | 2.38 c | 3.38 c | 4.59 c | |
Lint stage | P12 | 193.33 b | 861.67 a | 406.19 a | 0.60 a | 1.53 a | 2.53 a | 2.29 a |
P10 | 189.00 b | 630.67 c | 381.63 ab | 0.58 ab | 1.33 b | 2.33 b | 1.48 b | |
P8 | 219.67 b | 679.00 b | 365.02 bc | 0.55 b | 1.13 c | 2.12 c | 1.00 c | |
P6 | 288.00 a | 628.67 c | 340.65 c | 0.54 b | 1.03 c | 2.03 c | 0.90 c |
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Su, F.; Guo, Z.; Wu, B.; Wang, J.; Chen, S. Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Mulch-Free Cotton in Southern Xinjiang. Life 2025, 15, 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030435
Su F, Guo Z, Wu B, Wang J, Chen S. Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Mulch-Free Cotton in Southern Xinjiang. Life. 2025; 15(3):435. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030435
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Feiyan, Ziyang Guo, Bingrong Wu, Jichuan Wang, and Shuangrong Chen. 2025. "Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Mulch-Free Cotton in Southern Xinjiang" Life 15, no. 3: 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030435
APA StyleSu, F., Guo, Z., Wu, B., Wang, J., & Chen, S. (2025). Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Mulch-Free Cotton in Southern Xinjiang. Life, 15(3), 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030435