Association Between Prostate Cancer Detection Rate and Year of Prostate Biopsy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Cohort
2.2. Acquisition of Data
2.3. Study Endpoints
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethics Statement
3. Results
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kang, M.J.; Jung, K.W.; Bang, S.H.; Choi, S.H.; Park, E.H.; Yun, E.H.; Kim, H.J.; Kong, H.J.; Im, J.S.; Seo, H.G. Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2020. Cancer Res. Treat. 2023, 55, 385–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schröder, F.H.; Hugosson, J.; Roobol, M.J.; Tammela, T.L.; Ciatto, S.; Nelen, V.; Kwiatkowski, M.; Lujan, M.; Lilja, H.; Zappa, M.; et al. Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012, 366, 981–990. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hugosson, J.; Roobol, M.J.; Månsson, M.; Tammela, T.L.J.; Zappa, M.; Nelen, V.; Kwiatkowski, M.; Lujan, M.; Carlsson, S.V.; Talala, K.M.; et al. A 16-yr Follow-up of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. Eur. Urol. 2019, 76, 43–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ito, K.; Kimura, T. Complex Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer in Asian Countries. J. Urol. Oncol. 2023, 21, 5–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sasaki, T.; Higashi, T.; Inoue, T. Urological cancer statistics on incidence from 1975 to 2019 and mortality from 1958 to 2022 in Japan. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 29, 1088–1095. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, M.; Hu, M.; Jiang, L.; Pei, J.; Zhu, C. Trends in Cancer Incidence and Potential Associated Factors in China. JAMA Netw. Open 2024, 7, e2440381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Eala, M.A.; Dee, E.C.; Jacomina, L.E.; Ng, K.; Magsanoc, J.M.J.; Magsanoc, N.J.; Damico, A.V.; Nguyen, P.L.; Steinberg, M.L.; Toh, H.C.; et al. Prostate Cancer in Southeast Asia: An Analysis of 2022 Incidence and Mortality Data. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2024, 120, e528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tikkinen, K.A.O.; Dahm, P.; Lytvyn, L.; Heen, A.F.; Vernooij, R.W.M.; Siemieniuk, R.A.C.; Wheeler, R.; Vaughan, B.; Fobuzi, A.C.; Blanker, M.H.; et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: A clinical practice guideline. BMJ 2018, 362, k3581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Garg, S.; Sachdeva, A.; Peeters, M.; McClements, J. Point-of-Care Prostate Specific Antigen Testing: Examining Translational Progress toward Clinical Implementation. ACS Sens. 2023, 8, 3643–3658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Riedinger, C.B.; Womble, P.R.; Linsell, S.M.; Ye, Z.; Montie, J.E.; Miller, D.C.; Lane, B.R.; Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement, C. Variation in prostate cancer detection rates in a statewide quality improvement collaborative. J. Urol. 2014, 192, 373–378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lavallee, L.T.; Breau, R.H.; Fergusson, D.; van Walraven, C. Trends in prostate biopsy in Ontario, 1992-2014: A cohort study. CMAJ Open 2016, 4, E698–E705. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ko, Y.H.; Kim, B.H.; Kwon, S.Y.; Jung, H.J.; Hah, Y.S.; Kim, Y.J.; Kim, H.T.; Lee, J.N.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, T.H.; et al. Trends of stratified prostate cancer risk in a single Korean province from 2003 to 2021: A multicenter study conducted using regional training hospital data. Investig. Clin. Urol. 2023, 64, 140–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.; Yu, C.; Bi, Y.; Zhang, Z.J. Trends and age-period-cohort effect on incidence and mortality of prostate cancer from 1990 to 2017 in China. Public Health 2019, 172, 70–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, K.W.; Kang, M.J.; Park, E.H.; Yun, E.H.; Kim, H.J.; Kim, J.E.; Kong, H.J.; Im, J.S.; Seo, H.G. Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2024. Cancer Res. Treat. 2024, 56, 372–379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.Y.; Kim, D.K.; Doo, S.W.; Yang, W.J.; Song, Y.S.; Lee, B.; Kim, J.H. Time Trends for Prostate Cancer Incidence from 2003 to 2013 in South Korea: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Cancer Res. Treat. 2020, 52, 301–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, W.J.; Lee, D.H.; Chung, B.H.; Cho, J.S.; Choi, Y.D.; Kim, S.J.; Cho, I.R.; Kim, H.S.; Kim, C.I.; Hong, S.J. Detection rate of prostate cancer on biopsy according to serum prostate-specific antigen in Korean men: A multicenter study. Urology 2006, 67, 333–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mumuni, S.; O’Donnell, C.; Doody, O. The Risk Factors and Screening Uptake for Prostate Cancer: A Scoping Review. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, Y.; Mo, M.; Wei, Y.; Wu, J.; Pan, J.; Freedland, S.J.; Zheng, Y.; Ye, D. Epidemiology and genomics of prostate cancer in Asian men. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2021, 18, 282–301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hinata, N.; Fujisawa, M. Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Characteristics and Cancer-Specific Mortality: An Overview. World J. Mens. Health 2022, 40, 217–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nepal, S.P.; Nakasato, T.; Ogawa, Y.; Naoe, M.; Shichijo, T.; Maeda, Y.; Morita, J.; Oshinomi, K.; Unoki, T.; Inoue, T.; et al. Prostate cancer detection rate and Gleason score in relation to prostate volume as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging cognitive biopsy and standard biopsy. Turk. J. Urol. 2020, 46, 449–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oh, J.J.; Kwon, O.; Lee, J.K.; Byun, S.S.; Lee, S.E.; Lee, S.; Hong, S.K. Association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prostate cancer detection rates in patients via contemporary multi-core prostate biopsy. Asian J. Androl. 2016, 18, 937–941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jochems, S.H.J.; Fritz, J.; Haggstrom, C.; Jarvholm, B.; Stattin, P.; Stocks, T. Smoking and Risk of Prostate Cancer and Prostate Cancer Death: A Pooled Study. Eur. Urol. 2023, 83, 422–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bergengren, O.; Pekala, K.R.; Matsoukas, K.; Fainberg, J.; Mungovan, S.F.; Bratt, O.; Bray, F.; Brawley, O.; Luckenbaugh, A.N.; Mucci, L.; et al. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur. Urol. 2023, 84, 191–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baco, E.; Rud, E.; Eri, L.M.; Moen, G.; Vlatkovic, L.; Svindland, A.; Eggesbø, H.B.; Ukimura, O. A Randomized Controlled Trial To Assess and Compare the Outcomes of Two-core Prostate Biopsy Guided by Fused Magnetic Resonance and Transrectal Ultrasound Images and Traditional 12-core Systematic Biopsy. Eur. Urol. 2016, 69, 149–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- van der Leest, M.; Cornel, E.; Israël, B.; Hendriks, R.; Padhani, A.R.; Hoogenboom, M.; Zamecnik, P.; Bakker, D.; Setiasti, A.Y.; Veltman, J.; et al. Head-to-head Comparison of Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy Versus Multiparametric Prostate Resonance Imaging with Subsequent Magnetic Resonance-guided Biopsy in Biopsy-naïve Men with Elevated Prostate-specific Antigen: A Large Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study. Eur. Urol. 2019, 75, 570–578. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kasivisvanathan, V.; Rannikko, A.S.; Borghi, M.; Panebianco, V.; Mynderse, L.A.; Vaarala, M.H.; Briganti, A.; Budäus, L.; Hellawell, G.; Hindley, R.G.; et al. MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2018, 378, 1767–1777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Porpiglia, F.; Manfredi, M.; Mele, F.; Cossu, M.; Bollito, E.; Veltri, A.; Cirillo, S.; Regge, D.; Faletti, R.; Passera, R.; et al. Diagnostic Pathway with Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Standard Pathway: Results from a Randomized Prospective Study in Biopsy-naïve Patients with Suspected Prostate Cancer. Eur. Urol. 2017, 72, 282–288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Finati, M.; Davis, M.; Stephens, A.; Chiarelli, G.; Cirulli, G.O.; Morrison, C.; Affas, R.; Sood, A.; Buffi, N.; Lughezzani, G.; et al. The Role of Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen Value Prior to Age 60 in Predicting Lethal Prostate Cancer: Analysis of a Contemporary North American Cohort. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 2024, 7, 1535–1542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hamm, C.A.; Asbach, P.; Pöhlmann, A.; Schoots, I.G.; Kasivisvanathan, V.; Henkel, T.O.; Johannsen, M.; Speck, T.; Baur, A.D.J.; Haas, M.; et al. Oncological Safety of MRI-Informed Biopsy Decision-Making in Men With Suspected Prostate Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Year of Prostate Biopsy (Total No. of PBxs During the Year) | 2008 (n = 125) | 2010 (n = 137) | 2012 (n = 113) | 2014 (n = 131) | 2016 (n = 190) | 2018 (n = 184) | 2020 (n = 214) | 2022 (n = 227) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 64.7 | 65.9 | 63.4 | 64.4 | 65.0 | 65.8 | 67.4 | 65.7 | 0.007 |
PSA (ng/mL) | 9.94 | 9.18 | 8.72 | 8.88 | 8.86 | 9.45 | 9.58 | 9.53 | 0.892 |
Prostate volume (cc) | 48.8 | 50.7 | 50.4 | 46.2 | 46.0 | 48.7 | 52.2 | 46.0 | 0.078 |
Number of biopsy cores | 10.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | 2022 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 125) | (n = 137) | (n = 113) | (n = 131) | (n = 190) | (n = 184) | (n = 214) | (n = 227) | ||
Overall prostate cancer detection rate (%) | 24.8 (31/125) | 29.2 (40/137) | 27.4 (31/113) | 35.1 (46/131) | 33.2 (63/190) | 45.1 (83/184) | 45.8 (98/214) | 48.9 (111/227) | <0.001 |
Age (%) | |||||||||
≤59 | 3.1 (1/32) | 21.6 (8/37) | 20.0 (8/40) | 15.9 (7/44) | 17.5 (10/57) | 27.3 (12/44) | 21.2 (7/33) | 41.3 (19/46) | 0.001 |
60–69 | 27.3 (12/44) | 25.5 (13/51) | 25.0 (11/44) | 44.7 (17/38) | 32.4 (22/68) | 44.4 (36/81) | 44.4 (44/99) | 45.7 (53/116) | <0.001 |
≥70 | 36.7 (18/49) | 38.8 (19/49) | 41.4 (12/29) | 44.9 (22/49) | 47.7 (31/65) | 59.3 (35/59) | 57.3 (47/82) | 60.0 (39/65) | <0.001 |
PSA level (%) | |||||||||
PSA ≤ 10 | 14.9 (13/87) | 25.2 (26/103) | 17.6 (15/85) | 28.4 (29/102) | 23.1 (33/143) | 36.5 (50/137) | 34.7 (52/150) | 41.1 (69/168) | <0.001 |
10 < PSA ≤ 20 | 41.7 (10/24) | 30.0 (6/20) | 57.9 (11/19) | 60.0 (12/20) | 56.3 (18/32) | 60.0 (18/30) | 63.4 (26/41) | 60.0 (24/40) | 0.021 |
20 < PSA < 50 | 57.1 (8/14) | 57.1 (8/14) | 55.6 (5/9) | 55.6 (5/9) | 80.0 (12/15) | 88.2 (15/17) | 87.0 (20/23) | 94.7 (18/19) | <0.001 |
ISUP grade group (%) | |||||||||
1 | 9.6 (12/125) | 16.1 (22/137) | 8.9 (10/113) | 9.2 (12/131) | 10.0 (19/190) | 10.3 (19/184) | 16.8 (36/214) | 13.2 (30/227) | 0.233 |
2–3 | 4.8 (6/125) | 2.9 (4/137) | 8.0 (9/113) | 10.7 (14/131) | 11.1 (21/190) | 19.6 (36/184) | 13.1 (28/214) | 16.7 (38/227) | 0.002 |
4–5 | 10.4 (13/125) | 10.2 (14/137) | 10.6 (12/113) | 15.3 (20/131) | 12.1 (23/190) | 15.2 (28/184) | 15.9 (34/214) | 18.9 (43/227) | 0.002 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Uhm, Y.J.; Bang, W.; Chung, J.H.; Oh, C.Y.; Kim, H.; Cho, J.S. Association Between Prostate Cancer Detection Rate and Year of Prostate Biopsy. Life 2025, 15, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020260
Uhm YJ, Bang W, Chung JH, Oh CY, Kim H, Cho JS. Association Between Prostate Cancer Detection Rate and Year of Prostate Biopsy. Life. 2025; 15(2):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020260
Chicago/Turabian StyleUhm, Young Jun, Woojin Bang, Jae Hoon Chung, Cheol Young Oh, Hwanik Kim, and Jin Seon Cho. 2025. "Association Between Prostate Cancer Detection Rate and Year of Prostate Biopsy" Life 15, no. 2: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020260
APA StyleUhm, Y. J., Bang, W., Chung, J. H., Oh, C. Y., Kim, H., & Cho, J. S. (2025). Association Between Prostate Cancer Detection Rate and Year of Prostate Biopsy. Life, 15(2), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020260