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Article

Tracking Macular Sensitivity and Inner Retinal Thickness in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes: A Five-Year Prospective Examination in Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy

by
Guisela Fernández-Espinosa
1,
Elvira Orduna-Hospital
1,2,*,
María Sopeña-Pinilla
1,3,
Marta Arias-Álvarez
1,4,
Ana Boned-Murillo
1,5,
María Dolores Díaz-Barreda
1,6,
Ana Sánchez-Cano
1,2 and
Isabel Pinilla
1,7,8,*
1
Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
2
Department of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
3
Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
4
Department of Neurophysiology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
5
Ophthalmology Mediterranean Foundation (FOM), 46015 Valencia, Spain
6
Department of Ophthalmology, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
7
Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
8
Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2024, 14(9), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091152
Submission received: 23 July 2024 / Revised: 5 September 2024 / Accepted: 11 September 2024 / Published: 12 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Ophthalmic Diseases: Updated Challenges and Opportunities)
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Abstract

The aim of the study is to compare macular sensitivity and retinal thickness in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) after 5 years of follow-up. Thirty-two eyes from 32 long-term DM1 patients without DR were included. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The data were compared with results from 5 years prior. The mean age of the DM1 patients was 43.19 ± 10.17 years, with a mean disease duration of 29.84 ± 8.98 years and good glycemic control. In 2023, patients exhibited a significantly worse best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) compared to 2018 (p < 0.001). DM1 patients did not show statistically significant changes in macular sensitivity over the 5-year follow-up period. Macular integrity showed significant differences between the two time points (p = 0.045). Retinal thickness showed significant differences, particularly in inner retinal layers (IRL) across most of the ETDRS areas. Long-term DM1 patients without DR lesions showed worsened macular integrity and a lower BCVA in 2023. Additionally, they displayed significant alterations in retinal thicknesses, especially in the IRL, between 2018 and 2023. These findings suggest that even in the absence of visible DR, long-term DM1 patients may experience subclinical retinal changes and functional deterioration over time, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for the early detection and management of potential complications.
Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus; microperimetry; spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT); retinal thickness; macular sensitivity type 1 diabetes mellitus; microperimetry; spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT); retinal thickness; macular sensitivity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fernández-Espinosa, G.; Orduna-Hospital, E.; Sopeña-Pinilla, M.; Arias-Álvarez, M.; Boned-Murillo, A.; Díaz-Barreda, M.D.; Sánchez-Cano, A.; Pinilla, I. Tracking Macular Sensitivity and Inner Retinal Thickness in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes: A Five-Year Prospective Examination in Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy. Life 2024, 14, 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091152

AMA Style

Fernández-Espinosa G, Orduna-Hospital E, Sopeña-Pinilla M, Arias-Álvarez M, Boned-Murillo A, Díaz-Barreda MD, Sánchez-Cano A, Pinilla I. Tracking Macular Sensitivity and Inner Retinal Thickness in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes: A Five-Year Prospective Examination in Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy. Life. 2024; 14(9):1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091152

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernández-Espinosa, Guisela, Elvira Orduna-Hospital, María Sopeña-Pinilla, Marta Arias-Álvarez, Ana Boned-Murillo, María Dolores Díaz-Barreda, Ana Sánchez-Cano, and Isabel Pinilla. 2024. "Tracking Macular Sensitivity and Inner Retinal Thickness in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes: A Five-Year Prospective Examination in Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy" Life 14, no. 9: 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091152

APA Style

Fernández-Espinosa, G., Orduna-Hospital, E., Sopeña-Pinilla, M., Arias-Álvarez, M., Boned-Murillo, A., Díaz-Barreda, M. D., Sánchez-Cano, A., & Pinilla, I. (2024). Tracking Macular Sensitivity and Inner Retinal Thickness in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes: A Five-Year Prospective Examination in Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy. Life, 14(9), 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091152

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