Desmodesmus pannonicus Water Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis and Promotes Wound Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection and Cultivation of Desmodesmus pannonicus
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Assay of 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) Radical Scavenging Activity
2.4. Cell Viability and Proliferation
2.5. Melanin Content
2.6. Activities of Mushroom Tyrosinase
2.7. Intracellular Tyrosinase Activity Analysis (DOPA Staining)
2.8. Western Blotting
2.9. Quantitative RT-PCR
2.10. Scratch Wound-Healing Assay
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antioxidant Activity
3.2. Effect of D. pannonicus on Cell Viability and Proliferation
3.3. D. pannonicus Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis
3.4. The Effects of D. pannonicus Extract on Melanogenic Protein Expression
3.5. D. pannonicus Suppressed the Tyrosinase mRNA Levels
3.6. Wound Healing Effect of D. pannonicus Extract
3.7. Effect of D. pannonicus Extract on Gene Expression in HaCaT Cells
3.8. Effect of D. pannonicus Extract on Hair Growth-Related Gene Expression in HFDPCs
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|
Tyrosinase (mouse) | TTGCCACTTCATGTCATCATAGAATATT | TTTATCAAAGGTGTGACTGCTATACAAAT |
Mitf (mouse) | CGCCTGATCTGGTGAATCG | CCTGGCTGCAGTTCTCAAGAA |
GAPDH (mouse) | CGTCCCGTAGACAAAATGGT | TTGATGGCAACAATCTCCAC |
VEGF (human) | CTTCTGAGTTGCCCAGGAGA | GGATGGAGGAAGGTCAACCA |
MMP-1 (human) | GGGAGATCATCGGGACAACTC | TGAGCATCCCCTCCAATACC |
MMP-2 (human) | TAGCAGCGGAACAAGGAG | AAACGGGAACCAGGACAC |
Nrf2 (human) | AACCAGTGGATCTGCCAACTACTC | CTGCGCCAAAAGCTGCAT |
GCLC (human) | GATGCTGTCTTGCAGGGAATG | AGCGAGCTCCGTGCTGTT |
HAS-2 (human) | TGGATGACCTACGAAGCGATTA | GCTGGATTACTGTGGCAATGAG |
COL1a1 (human) | AGGACAAGAGGCATGTCTGGTT | TTGCAGTGGTAGGTGATGTTCTG |
CTGF (human) | GTTTGGCCCAGACCCAACTA | GGCTCTGCTTCTCTAGCCTG |
HGF1 (human) | AGAAATGCAGCCAGCATCAT | CACATGGTCCTGATCCAATC |
TGFβ1 (human) | GCCCTGGACACCAACTATTG | GTCCAGGCTCCAAATGTAGG |
GAPDH (human) | CTTTGGTATCGTGGAAGGACTC | GTAGAGGCAGGGATGATGTTCT |
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Sato, K.; Hiraga, Y.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Sakaki, S.; Takenaka, H. Desmodesmus pannonicus Water Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis and Promotes Wound Healing. Life 2024, 14, 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121542
Sato K, Hiraga Y, Yamaguchi Y, Sakaki S, Takenaka H. Desmodesmus pannonicus Water Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis and Promotes Wound Healing. Life. 2024; 14(12):1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121542
Chicago/Turabian StyleSato, Kazuomi, Yosuke Hiraga, Yuji Yamaguchi, Setsuko Sakaki, and Hiroyuki Takenaka. 2024. "Desmodesmus pannonicus Water Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis and Promotes Wound Healing" Life 14, no. 12: 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121542
APA StyleSato, K., Hiraga, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Sakaki, S., & Takenaka, H. (2024). Desmodesmus pannonicus Water Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis and Promotes Wound Healing. Life, 14(12), 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121542