Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. FM Model and Bio-Plex ELISA
2.3. EA Treatments
2.4. Pain Behavior Test
2.5. Western Blotting Analysis
2.6. Immunofluorescence
2.7. Intracerebroventricular Injection
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Electroacupuncture Attenuated Fibromyalgia-like Pain in Mice
3.2. Electroacupuncture Treatment Alleviated the Increase in Inflammatory Cytokines Caused by Cold-Stress-Induced Pain
3.3. Electroacupuncture but Not Sham Electroacupuncture Attenuated Cold-Stress-Induced Pain via TRPV1 Pathways in the Mouse Hypothalamus and Periaqueductal Gray
3.4. TLR4 Signaling in the Cold-Stress-Induced Pain Mouse Cerebellum Was Attenuated by Electroacupuncture but Not Sham Electroacupuncture
3.5. Activation of TLR4 by LPS Injection Mimics CSP and Further Reversed by TLR4 Antagonist TIRAP
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lai, P.-C.; Yen, C.-M.; Lin, M.-C.; Chen, Y.-H.; Liao, H.-Y.; Huang, Y.-W.; Lin, Y.-W. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain. Life 2023, 13, 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051160
Lai P-C, Yen C-M, Lin M-C, Chen Y-H, Liao H-Y, Huang Y-W, Lin Y-W. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain. Life. 2023; 13(5):1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051160
Chicago/Turabian StyleLai, Po-Chih, Chia-Ming Yen, Ming-Chia Lin, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Hsien-Yin Liao, Yu-Wei Huang, and Yi-Wen Lin. 2023. "Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain" Life 13, no. 5: 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051160
APA StyleLai, P.-C., Yen, C.-M., Lin, M.-C., Chen, Y.-H., Liao, H.-Y., Huang, Y.-W., & Lin, Y.-W. (2023). Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain. Life, 13(5), 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051160