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Review

Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries

by
Brian Godman
1,2,3,*,
Abiodun Egwuenu
4,
Mainul Haque
5,
Oliver Ombeva Malande
6,7,
Natalie Schellack
8,
Santosh Kumar
9,
Zikria Saleem
10,
Jacqueline Sneddon
11,
Iris Hoxha
12,
Salequl Islam
13,
Julius Mwita
14,
Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento
15,
Isabella Piassi Dias Godói
16,17,
Loveline Lum Niba
18,19,
Adefolarin A. Amu
20,
Joseph Acolatse
21,
Robert Incoom
21,
Israel Abebrese Sefah
22,23,
Sylvia Opanga
24,
Amanj Kurdi
1,25,
Ibrahim Chikowe
26,
Felix Khuluza
26,
Dan Kibuule
27,
Olayinka O. Ogunleye
28,29,
Adesola Olalekan
30,31,
Vanda Markovic-Pekovic
32,
Johanna C. Meyer
2,
Abubakr Alfadl
33,34,
Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
35,
Aubrey C. Kalungia
36,
Stephen Campbell
37,38,
Alice Pisana
39,
Janney Wale
40 and
R. Andrew Seaton
11,41,42
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1
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
2
Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
3
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia
4
AMR Programme Manager, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Ebitu Ukiwe Street, Jabi, Abuja 240102, Nigeria
5
Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
6
Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Egerton University, Nakuru, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya
7
East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunization (ECAVI), Namela House, Naguru, Kampala P.O. Box 3040, Uganda
8
Faculty of Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences Building, University of Pretoria, Prinshof 349-Jr, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
9
Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar 382422, India
10
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
11
Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Delta House, 50 West Nile Street, Glasgow G1 2NP, UK
12
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, 1005 Tirana, Albania
13
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
14
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
15
Department of Pharmacy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
16
Institute of Health and Biological Studies, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Avenida dos Ipês, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Cidade Jardim, Marabá 68500-00, Pará, Brazil
17
Center for Research in Management, Society and Epidemiology, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MT, Brazil
18
Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda P.O Box 5175, Cameroon
19
Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili P.O. Box 39, Cameroon
20
Pharmacy Department, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H101, Eswatini
21
Pharmacy Directorate, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana
22
Pharmacy Department, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Keta-Dzelukope, Ghana
23
Pharmacy Practice Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
24
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
25
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
26
Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, Chichiri 30096, Blantyre 3, Malawi
27
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
28
Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
29
Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
30
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Lagos, Idiaraba, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
31
Centre for Genomics of Non-Communicable Diseases and Personalized Healthcare (CGNPH), University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
32
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Pharmacy, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
33
National Medicines and Poisons Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
34
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 56264, Qassim 56453, Saudi Arabia
35
Pharmaceutical Administration & PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
36
Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
37
Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
38
NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
39
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
40
Independent Researcher, 11a Lydia Street, Brunswick, VIC 3056, Australia
41
Infectious Disease Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
42
Department of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2021, 11(6), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060528
Submission received: 24 March 2021 / Revised: 22 May 2021 / Accepted: 2 June 2021 / Published: 7 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Antimicrobial Resistance)

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a high priority across countries as it increases morbidity, mortality and costs. Concerns with AMR have resulted in multiple initiatives internationally, nationally and regionally to enhance appropriate antibiotic utilization across sectors to reduce AMR, with the overuse of antibiotics exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Effectively tackling AMR is crucial for all countries. Principally a narrative review of ongoing activities across sectors was undertaken to improve antimicrobial use and address issues with vaccines including COVID-19. Point prevalence surveys have been successful in hospitals to identify areas for quality improvement programs, principally centering on antimicrobial stewardship programs. These include reducing prolonged antibiotic use to prevent surgical site infections. Multiple activities centering on education have been successful in reducing inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of antimicrobials in ambulatory care for essentially viral infections such as acute respiratory infections. It is imperative to develop new quality indicators for ambulatory care given current concerns, and instigate programs with clear public health messaging to reduce misinformation, essential for pandemics. Regular access to effective treatments is needed to reduce resistance to treatments for HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Key stakeholder groups can instigate multiple initiatives to reduce AMR. These need to be followed up.
Keywords: antimicrobials; antimicrobial stewardship programs; antimicrobial resistance; healthcare-associated infections; COVID-19; lower- and middle-income countries; misinformation; patient initiatives; surgical site infections; vaccines antimicrobials; antimicrobial stewardship programs; antimicrobial resistance; healthcare-associated infections; COVID-19; lower- and middle-income countries; misinformation; patient initiatives; surgical site infections; vaccines

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Godman, B.; Egwuenu, A.; Haque, M.; Malande, O.O.; Schellack, N.; Kumar, S.; Saleem, Z.; Sneddon, J.; Hoxha, I.; Islam, S.; et al. Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries. Life 2021, 11, 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060528

AMA Style

Godman B, Egwuenu A, Haque M, Malande OO, Schellack N, Kumar S, Saleem Z, Sneddon J, Hoxha I, Islam S, et al. Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries. Life. 2021; 11(6):528. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060528

Chicago/Turabian Style

Godman, Brian, Abiodun Egwuenu, Mainul Haque, Oliver Ombeva Malande, Natalie Schellack, Santosh Kumar, Zikria Saleem, Jacqueline Sneddon, Iris Hoxha, Salequl Islam, and et al. 2021. "Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries" Life 11, no. 6: 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060528

APA Style

Godman, B., Egwuenu, A., Haque, M., Malande, O. O., Schellack, N., Kumar, S., Saleem, Z., Sneddon, J., Hoxha, I., Islam, S., Mwita, J., do Nascimento, R. C. R. M., Dias Godói, I. P., Niba, L. L., Amu, A. A., Acolatse, J., Incoom, R., Sefah, I. A., Opanga, S., ... Seaton, R. A. (2021). Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries. Life, 11(6), 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060528

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