First mtDNA Sequences and Body Measurements for Rattus norvegicus from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Examination of Live Specimens and Carcasses
- The tail is always shorter than head and body length, indistinctly bicolored, greyish brown above, pale below, ears do not reach the eyes when laid forwards: R. norvegicus, Norway rat, brown rat.
- The tail length is always greater than head and body length, uniformly black. When the ears are drawn forward, they reach the eyes and usually cover them: R. rattus, black rat.
2.3. DNA Extraction, Amplification, and Sequencing
Dataset Creation, Sequence Comparisons, and Species Identification
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Analysis
3.1.1. External Characteristics
3.1.2. Cranial Characteristics
3.2. DNA Analysis
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality-Village/City and District | R. rattus | R. norvegicus | |
---|---|---|---|
Dead specimens | Aradippou-Larnaca | 18 * | 7 * |
Kochi-Larnaca | 1 * | - | |
Vavatsinia-Larnaka | 14 ** | - | |
Pentakomo-Larnaka | 1 * | - | |
Kelia-Larnaka | 1 * | - | |
Livadia-Larnaka | 1 * | - | |
Oroklini-Larnaka | 1 * | - | |
Athienou-Larnaka | - | 1 ++ | |
Geri-Nicosia | 4 ** | 3 ** | |
Nissou-Nicosia | 1 * | - | |
Neo Chorio Kythreas-Nicosia | - | 1 * | |
Mia Milia-Nicosia (visual observations only) | - | 1 + | |
Chloraka-Paphos | 160 ** | - | |
Liopetri-Famagusta | 1 * | 1 * | |
Pissouri-Limassol (Lemesos) | 1 * | - | |
Troodos (locality Livadi tou Pashia)-Limassol (Lemesos) | 1 * | - | |
Total number of collected specimens | 205 | 14 | |
Skulls collected from owl pellets | Xylophagou-Larnaca | 1 +++ | - |
Machaeras Monastery-Troodos mountains | 3 +++ | - | |
Kissonerga-Paphos | 5 +++ | - | |
Polis-Paphos | 4 +++ | - | |
Vavatsinia-Larnaca | 5 +++ | - | |
Total number of collected specimens and skulls | 223 | 14 |
Collection Date | Code | Sampling Site | Species |
---|---|---|---|
April 2019 | RnC1 | Neo Chorio-Kythrea | R. norvegicus |
May 2019 | RnC2 | Geri-Nicosia | |
June 2019 | RnC3 | Aradippou-Larnaca | |
June 2019 | RnC4 | Geri-Nicosia | |
September 2019 | RrC1 | Koshi-Larnaca | R. rattus |
[24] | Present Study | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R. rattus | R. norvegicus | ||||||||
N | Mean | Min–Max | N | Mean | Min–Max | N | Mean | Min–Max | |
Head and body | 63 | 182.7 | 155–234 | 9 | 222.9 | 192–255 | 7 | 195.3 | 165–230 |
Tail | 60 | 216.9 | 180–269 | 9 | 187.9 | 145–216 | 7 | 175.4 | 160–205 |
Hind foot | 40 | 36.2 | 33.0–42.0 | 9 | 41.6 | 38.0–44.0 | 7 | 40.8 | 36.5–43.4 |
Ear | 30 | 23.7 | 20.0–26.0 | 9 | 21.5 | 20.0–23.0 | 7 | 18.5 | 16.5–18.4 |
Weight | 35 | 188.4 | 100–279 | 1 | 498 | - | 5 | 267 | 235–285 |
Clades | Haplotype | Composition | N | S | h | Hd | π |
A | Hpt-2 | KM114603, KM009114, KM114605, KM009113, KM009112, KM114604, KJ939360, KJ939361, KM657953, KM114608, KM114607, KM114606, KM657952, KM577635, AY172581, FJ919765, EF186346 | 17 | ||||
Hpt-12 | RnC2 | 1 | |||||
B | Hpt-1 | DQ673910, KM820837, FJ919761, KM820833, JX105355, GU997611, DQ673908, DQ673914, KM820831, DQ673917 (D5), AY769440 FJ919764, JX105356, FJ919763, FJ919762, DQ673909 | 16 | ||||
Hpt-6 | KP100657 | 1 | |||||
Hpt-7 | AJ428514 (D12) | 1 | |||||
Hpt-8 | DQ673916 (D1), JX887165 (D2) | 2 | |||||
Hpt-9 | JX887166 (D4) | 1 | |||||
Hpt-10 | KT428937 | 1 | |||||
Hpt-11 | RnC1, EF186347, RnC4 | 3 | |||||
Hpt-13 | RnC3 | 1 | |||||
C | Hpt-3 | DQ673907 (D25), FJ919767 | 2 | ||||
Hpt-4 | GU997610, KM820835, FJ919769, FJ919768, FJ919766, DQ673913, DQ673912 (D24) | 7 | |||||
Hpt-5 | FJ919770, FJ919760, HM152028, GU997609, HM152027, DQ673911, FJ919759 (D23) | 7 | |||||
Total | 13 | 60 | 20 | 13 | 0.829 | 0.001 |
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Hadjisterkotis, E.; Konstantinou, G.; Sanna, D.; Pirastru, M.; Mereu, P. First mtDNA Sequences and Body Measurements for Rattus norvegicus from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus. Life 2020, 10, 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080136
Hadjisterkotis E, Konstantinou G, Sanna D, Pirastru M, Mereu P. First mtDNA Sequences and Body Measurements for Rattus norvegicus from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus. Life. 2020; 10(8):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080136
Chicago/Turabian StyleHadjisterkotis, Eleftherios, George Konstantinou, Daria Sanna, Monica Pirastru, and Paolo Mereu. 2020. "First mtDNA Sequences and Body Measurements for Rattus norvegicus from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus" Life 10, no. 8: 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080136