A Study of Frequency Domain Reflectometry Technique for High-Voltage Rotating Machine Winding Condition Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theory and Modeling
2.1. Coils for the Experiment
2.2. TDR vs. FDR
2.3. Transmission Line Model
2.4. Experimental Setups
- End-winding discharge caused by main insulation damage, physically located at 2.4 m from the near end terminal;
- Turn-to-turn short between the first and second turns, physically located at 2.4 m (first turn) and 7.2 m (second turn) from the the near end terminal;
- Loose coil, simulated by loosening copper shield by 20 cm, physically located at 4.5 m from the near end terminal;
- Local overheating at 3.5 m from the near end terminal;
- Tracking between coils at the winding-end section, between the remote end terminal of the first coil and the overhang section of the second coil.
3. Results
3.1. FDR Results of Good Coils
3.2. Coil Fault Study
3.3. Water Pump Investigation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Power Rating (kW) | IR () | (%) | 1 (%) | 2 PD (pC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 400 | 0.42 | 8.00 | 6.43 | 3760 |
2 | 400 | 4.50 | 6.49 | 6.80 | 1780 |
3 | 400 | 1.20 | 6.19 | 7.25 | 1000 |
4 | 315 | 0.012 | 13.08 | 1.64 | 630 |
5 | 315 | 0.049 | 13.95 | 1.13 | 460 |
6 | 315 | 0.041 | 18.78 | 1.52 | 820 |
7 | 3200 | 32 | 0.90 | 1.69 | 680 |
8 | 3200 | 45 | 0.85 | 1.29 | 5140 |
9 | 3200 | 7.1 | 2.23 | 1.54 | 15,900 |
10 | 4500 | 11 | 1.41 | 0.31 | 3820 |
11 | 4500 | 9.4 | 1.35 | 0.34 | 5350 |
12 | 4500 | 9.9 | 1.42 | 0.39 | 4120 |
13 | 300 | 34 | 0.76 | 12.92 | 15,800 |
14 | 300 | 49 | 0.67 | 1.72 | 9650 |
Problems | FDR Characteristic | Fault Location (Detected/Actual) | FDR Sensitivity |
---|---|---|---|
End-winding discharge | A prominent drop in the magnitude at the fault location | 2.6 m/2.4 m | High |
Turn-to-turn short | A prominent drop in the magnitude at the fault location; reduced apparent length | 2.6 m/2.4 m | High |
Loose slot wedge | Slight increase in the step response magnitude at the fault location; reduced apparent length | 4.2 m/4.5 m | High/Medium |
Local overheating | Periodic oscillation of the impulse response trace | 3.3 m/3.5 m | Medium |
Tracking between coils | Obvious trace pattern change | 37 m/28.8 m | High |
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Cheng, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yun, H.; Wang, L.; Taylor, N. A Study of Frequency Domain Reflectometry Technique for High-Voltage Rotating Machine Winding Condition Assessment. Machines 2023, 11, 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11090883
Cheng J, Zhang Y, Yun H, Wang L, Taylor N. A Study of Frequency Domain Reflectometry Technique for High-Voltage Rotating Machine Winding Condition Assessment. Machines. 2023; 11(9):883. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11090883
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Jialu, Yizhou Zhang, Hao Yun, Liang Wang, and Nathaniel Taylor. 2023. "A Study of Frequency Domain Reflectometry Technique for High-Voltage Rotating Machine Winding Condition Assessment" Machines 11, no. 9: 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11090883