Abstract
In the paper we prove for the first time an analogue of the Wiman inequality in the class of analytic functions in an arbitrary complete Reinhard domain , represented by the power series of the form with the domain of convergence We have proven the following statement: If and , then for a given and arbitrary there exists a set such that and for all we have Note, that this assertion at implies the classical Wiman–Valiron theorem for entire functions and at the theorem about the Kővari-type inequality for analytic functions in the unit disc ; implies some Wiman’s type inequalities for analytic functions of several variables in ,
MSC:
32A10; 32A17; 32A37; 30H99; 30A05
1. Introduction: Notations and Preliminaries
Let , , , be sets of complex numbers, real numbers, integers, and positive integers, respectively, and . We denote by the class of an analytic functions f in a complete Reinhardt domain , represented by the power series of the form
with the domain of convergence , where ; is the class of entire functions of several variables (i.e., analytic functions in ); by we denote the class of analytic functions of one complex variable in a disk . In particular, is the class of entire functions of one complex variable.
For a function of form (1) with domain of convergence and we denote
On the one hand, it is well-known that every analytic function f in the complete Reinhardt domain with a center at can be represented in by the series of form (1). On the other hand, the domain of convergence of each series of form (1) is the logarithmically-convex complete Reinhardt domain with the center .
We say that a domain is the complete Reinhardt domain if:
- (a)
- (a complete domain);
- (b)
- (a multiple-circular domain).
The Reinhardt domain is called logarithmically-convex if the image of the set under the mapping is a convex set in the space . In one complex variable (), a logarithmically-convex Reinhardt domain is a disc. The following complete Reinhardt domains () are considered most frequently:
Note, that for every and . The domains , , , are the logarithmically-convex complete Reinhardt domains. However, for example, the complete Reinhardt domain
is not a logarithmically-convex domain.
2. Wiman’s Type Inequality for Analytic Functions of One Variable
In article [1] the following statement is proved.
Theorem 1
([1]). Let a nondecreasing function such that for some . If , is an analytic function represented by a power series of the form then
where is the maximum modulus and is the maximal term of power series.
For nonconstant entire functions we can choose and for an arbitrarily given Then, from Theorem 1 we obtain the assertion of the classical Wiman–Valiron theorem on Wiman’s inequality (for example see [2], [3] (p. 9), [4,5], [6] (p. 28), [7,8,9,10]), i.e., that for all , , we have
For analytic functions in the unit disk we can choose Then,
i.e., the theorem about the Kővari-type inequality for analytic functions in the unit disc ([11,12]).
Regarding the statement about the Wiman inequality (2), Prof. I.V. Ostrovskii in 1995 formulated the following problem: What is the best possible description of the value of an exceptional set E? In article [7], the authors found, in a sense, the best possible description of the magnitude of the exceptional set E in inequality (2) for entire functions of one complex variable. In fact, we obtain, in a sense, the best possible description for each entire function f for .
The same issue was considered in a number of articles (for example, see [13,14,15]) in relation to many other relations obtained in the Wiman–Valiron theory.
Note, that for analytic functions such a problem is still open. Theorem 1 contains a new description of the exceptional set in the inequality (2) for analytic functions . Perhaps the best possible description of an exceptional set is also obtained with
3. Wiman’s Type Inequality for Analytic Functions of Several Variables
Some analogues of Wiman’s inequality for entire functions of several complex variables can be found in [16,17,18,19,20,21,22], and for analytic functions in the polydisc in [23,24].
In paper [25] some analogues of Wiman’s inequality are proven for the analytic and random analytic functions on , , of the form (1) and , respectively. Here, is a multiplicative system of complex random variables on the Steinhaus probability space, almost surely (a.s.) uniformly bounded by the number 1. In particular, the following statements are proven:
Theorem 2
([25]). Let , , . For every there exist the sets of asymptotically finite logarithmic measure (i.e., for some ), such that the inequalities
hold for all and for all a.s. in t, respectively.
The sharpness of the obtained inequalities is also proven.
The main purpose of this article is to prove analogues of Theorems 1 and 2 in the class of analytic functions for the arbitrary complete Reinhardt domain .
4. Main Result
The aim of this paper is to prove some analogues of Wiman’s inequality for the analytic functions represented by the series of form (1) with the arbitrary complete Reinhardt domain of convergence . By we denote a subclass of functions such that in for any .
Let be the class of functions such that h is nondecreasing with respect to each variable and for all and
for every such that is a nonempty domain in
For we say that is the set of finite h-measure on if for some such that is a nonempty domain in one has
We denote a set of such sets by
Theorem 3.
Let Then, for every there exists a set such that for all the following inequality takes place:
Remark 1.
Choosing and in Theorem 3 leads to the result in Theorem 1.
5. Auxiliary Lemmas
The proof of the main result uses the probabilistic reasoning from [17,18] (see also [20]), which has already become traditional in this topic, and differs from the proofs of similar statements in [25].
Our proof actually uses a number of lemmas (Lemmas 1–4) from article [18]. But their proofs in article [18] are not written with sufficient completeness, and also contain inaccuracies in reasoning. Therefore, we present them here along with the complete proofs.
In order to prove a Wiman’s type inequality for analytic functions in we need the following auxiliary results.
Let be a matrix such that
Let I be an identity matrix of order
For the set by we denote the quantity of the elements of set
Lemma 1.
Let B be parallelepiped in with edges of the lengths so that there exists an isometry such that
Then,
where is the inverse value to the volume of a sphere with the radius in i.e., .
Proof.
Denote
Let be an open sphere with a center at with radius Note that
By the monotony of the Lebesgue measure in we obtain
Finally, by the additivity of this measure, we obtain
□
By we denote the Moore–Penrose inverse matrix of A ([18,26]), i.e.,
Lemma 2.
Let , A be a nonnegative matrix and
There exists a constant that does not depend on A and α such that
Proof.
Let be positive eigenvalues of the matrix Then, are eigenvalues of the matrix Thus, there exists an isometry such that
By Lemma 1 there exists a constant such that
It remains to remark that
□
Lemma 3.
Let be a random vector, A covariance matrix of ξ, Then,
Proof.
Let us consider the random variable
As A is non-negative, then Moreover, as A is also symmetric, there exists an orthogonal matrix G such that and Here, I is the identity matrix of order p and is the diagonal matrix with the ordered eigenvalues Then (see, for example [26,27]),
i.e., Therefore,
where The expected value and covariance of the random vector Y satisfy the equations
Therefore,
Finally, using Markov’s inequality we obtain
□
Lemma 4
(Theorem 3.1, [18]). Let There exists a constant such that
where I is the identity matrix.
Proof.
Let us consider random vector such that
Then for we obtain
is covariance matrix of random vector .
One can choose in Lemma 3. We then obtain
□
Lemma 5.
Let Then for there exists a set such that for all the inequalities
hold.
Proof.
Let be a set for which inequality (5) does not hold. Now we prove that Since , there for any we have
Then,
Let be a mapping such that and Then for we obtain
Hence, the Jacobian
Therefore,
Let be a set for which inequality (6) does not hold for . Now we prove that
Then,
Let be a mapping such that and Therefore, the Jacobian
Therefore,
Let be a set for which inequality (6) does not hold for . Similarly, for . It remains to remark that the set is also a set of finite h-measure in . □
6. Proof of the Main Theorem
Proof of Theorem 2.
Let E be the exceptional set from Lemma 2. Then, using Lemma 1 we obtain for all
Note that we can chose set E such that
where is some constant such that Then,
□
7. Corollaries Hypotheses
Let us consider the case when domain G is bounded. Then there exists such that . Therefore we have for all
Denote
In addition, is finite when
Note that
Finally, for all we obtain
Thus, we prove such a statement.
Theorem 4.
Let G is bounded. Then for every there exists a set such that for all we have
In the case when
one can choose ,
Theorem 5.
Let . Then, for every there exists a set such that for all we have
If we additionaly suppose that
then (see [23]) inequality (6) from Lemma 5 can be replayced by
We therefore have the following statement:
Theorem 6.
Let satisfies condition (8). Then for every there exists a set such that for all we have
Inequality (3) follows from this statement if we choose
8. Discussion
In view of the obtained results we can formulate the following conjectures:
Conjecture 1. The descriptions of exceptional sets in the Theorems 1–3 are in a sense the best possible.
Conjecture 2. For a given , the inequality (4) is sharp in the general case.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, O.S.; investigation, A.K.; supervision, O.S.; writing—original draft preparation, A.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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