Mineral Composition, Pore Structure, and Mechanical Characteristics of Pyroxene Granite Exposed to Heat Treatments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Material and Methodology
2.1. Sample Description
2.2. Thermal Treatment
2.3. Experimental Procedure and Instruments
3. Results
3.1. Mineral Composition
3.2. Pore Structure
3.2.1. Pore Distribution of Granite Samples at Different Heating Temperatures
3.2.2. Thermal Effect on the Porosity of Granite Samples
3.3. Mechanical Characteristics
3.3.1. P-Wave Velocity
3.3.2. UCS and Peak Strain
3.3.3. Elastic Modulus
3.3.4. Shear-Slip Strain
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Mineral composition. The main components of the examined pyroxene granite are feldspar, quartz, pyroxene, and some illite. Below 500 °C, the MDIs of the minerals are comparatively stable. In 500–800 °C, the diffraction angles become wider, but the chemical composition does not change. Above 800 °C, illite and quartz react chemically to produce mullite and the crystal state of the minerals deteriorate dramatically.
- (2)
- Pore structure. Considering the significance of pore size for gas and liquid adsorption and seepage, the pores are divided into six categories (nanopore, micropore, small pore, medium pore, big pore, large pore), and the effects of the heating temperature on them were obtained. Below 500 °C, the six pore volumes change little. In 500–1200 °C, the volume of medium and big pores increases greatly. The newly created pores caused by high-heat treatment are mainly medium ones. The rock porosity increases exponentially with heating temperature.
- (3)
- Mechanical characteristics. As the temperature increases, the P-wave velocity increases slightly at 100 °C, then decreases linearly, the UCS and elastic modulus both decrease consistently, and the peak strain and shear-slip strain increase. Below 500 °C, they all change slightly, but above 800 °C, the UCS and elastic modulus decrease dramatically and the increasing rate of shear-slip strain is obviously accelerated, indicating the deformation and failure mode of rock changes from brittle to plastic.
- (4)
- The high temperature heat treatment changes the mineralogical characteristics of granite, including dehydration, phase transformation, and anisotropic and uncoordinated thermal expansion of minerals. The variation of minerals further changes the pore structure and mechanical properties of the granite rock.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature (°C) | 25 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 500 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feldspar (cps) | 435 | 486 | 366 | 488 | 401 | 268 | 268 | 283 |
Pyroxene (cps) | 101 | 87 | 160 | 115 | 113 | 120 | 119 | 97 |
Quartz (cps) | 98 | 130 | 142 | 123 | 127 | 118 | 117 | 119 |
Illite (cps) | 88 | 62 | 67 | 80 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 0 |
Mullite (cps) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
Temperature (°C) | 25 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 500 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feldspar (%) | 64.25 | 62.76 | 60.33 | 60.56 | 61.88 | 61.46 | 61.63 | 59.35 | |
Pyroxene (%) | 19.23 | 20.87 | 21.56 | 19.89 | 21.59 | 21.88 | 19.4 | 22.12 | |
Quartz (%) | 9.4 | 10.26 | 12.69 | 13.35 | 11.11 | 11.98 | 10.22 | 9.32 | |
Illite (%) | 5.1 | 3.67 | 3.09 | 4.16 | 3.35 | 3.23 | 2.65 | 0 | |
Mullite (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.05 | |
Others (%) | 2.02 | 2.44 | 2.33 | 2.04 | 2.07 | 1.45 | 6.1 | 8.16 |
Temperature (°C) | Properties | Pore Radius (μm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<0.01 (Nano) | 0.01–0.1 (Micro) | 0.1–1 (Small) | 1–10 (Medium) | 10–100 (Big) | >100 (Large) | ||
25 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.0004 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.0001 |
Proportion (%) | 3.23 | 32.26 | 12.90 | 16.13 | 32.26 | 3.23 | |
100 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0003 | 0.0011 | 0 | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0002 |
Proportion (%) | 10.71 | 39.29 | 0 | 17.86 | 25.00 | 7.14 | |
200 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0006 | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0004 |
Proportion (%) | 14.71 | 20.59 | 17.65 | 14.71 | 20.59 | 11.76 | |
300 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0007 | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0008 | 0.0009 | 0.0013 |
Proportion (%) | 14.29 | 12.24 | 12.24 | 16.33 | 18.37 | 26.53 | |
500 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0004 | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0005 | 0.0008 | 0.0005 |
Proportion (%) | 11.76 | 17.65 | 17.65 | 14.71 | 23.53 | 14.71 | |
800 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0005 | 0.0012 | 0.0016 | 0.0024 | 0.0021 | 0.0007 |
Proportion (%) | 5.88 | 14.12 | 18.82 | 28.24 | 24.71 | 8.24 | |
1000 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0006 | 0.0016 | 0.0022 | 0.0049 | 0.0022 | 0.0005 |
Proportion (%) | 5.00 | 13.33 | 18.33 | 40.83 | 18.33 | 4.17 | |
1200 | Volume (cm3/g) | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0020 | 0.0064 | 0.0032 | 0.0007 |
Proportion (%) | 4.44 | 4.44 | 14.81 | 47.41 | 23.70 | 5.19 |
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Shang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Xu, X.; Liu, T.; Xing, Y. Mineral Composition, Pore Structure, and Mechanical Characteristics of Pyroxene Granite Exposed to Heat Treatments. Minerals 2019, 9, 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090553
Shang X, Zhang Z, Xu X, Liu T, Xing Y. Mineral Composition, Pore Structure, and Mechanical Characteristics of Pyroxene Granite Exposed to Heat Treatments. Minerals. 2019; 9(9):553. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090553
Chicago/Turabian StyleShang, Xiaoji, Zhizhen Zhang, Xiaoli Xu, Tingting Liu, and Yan Xing. 2019. "Mineral Composition, Pore Structure, and Mechanical Characteristics of Pyroxene Granite Exposed to Heat Treatments" Minerals 9, no. 9: 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090553