Olivine–Spinel Diffusivity Patterns in Chromitites and Dunites from the Finero Phlogopite-Peridotite (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Southern Alps): Implications for the Thermal History of the Massif
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Analytical Methods
4. Texture and Mineral Chemistry
4.1. Chromite Mineral Chemistry
4.2. Olivine Mineral Chemistry
4.3. Mg–Fe2+ Zoning in Olivine and Spinel
5. Discussion
5.1. Olivine–Spinel Re-Equilibration
5.2. Re-Equilibration and Primary Composition Assessment through Diffusivity Curve Analysis
5.3. Geothermometry
5.4. Cooling Rates
5.5. Finero Thermal History
5.6. Trace Elements Variation
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Irvine, T.N. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator: Part 1. Theory. Can. J. Earth Sci. 1965, 2, 648–672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Irvine, T.N. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator: Part 2. Petrologic applications. Can. J. Earth Sci. 1967, 4, 71–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fabriès, J. Spinel-olivine geothermometry in peridotites from ultramafic complexes. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1979, 69, 329–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ballhaus, C.; Berry, R.F.; Green, D.H. High pressure experimental calibration of the olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel oxygen geobarometer: Implications for the oxidation state of the upper mantle. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1991, 107, 27–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lehmann, J. Diffusion between olivine and spinel: Application to geothermometry. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1983, 64, 123–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Greenfield, A.M.R.; Ghent, E.D.; Russell, J.K. Geothermobarometry of spinel peridotites from southern British Columbia: Implications for the thermal conditions in the upper mantle. Can. J. Earth Sci. 2013, 50, 1019–1032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Freer, R. Diffusion in silicate minerals and glasses: A data digest and guide to the literature. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1981, 76, 440–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozawa, K. Evaluation of Olivine-Spinel Geothermometry as an Indicator of Thermal History for Peridotites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1983, 82, 52–65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozawa, K. Olivine-spinel geospeedometry: Analysis of diffusion-controlled Mg–Fe2+ exchange. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48, 2597–2611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sack, R.O.; Ghiorso, M.S. Chromian spinels as petrogenetic indicators: Thermodynamics and petrological applications. Am. Mineral. 1991, 76, 827–847. [Google Scholar]
- Grieco, G.; Bussolesi, M.; Tzamos, E.; Rassios, A.E.; Kapsiotis, A. Processes of primary and re-equilibration mineralization affecting chromitite ore geochemistry within the Vourinos ultramafic sequence, Vourinos ophiolite (West Macedonia, Greece). Ore Geol. Rev. 2018, 95, 537–551. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mehnert, K.R. The Ivrea Zone, a model of the deep crust. N. Jahrb. Miner. Abh. 1975, 125, 156–199. [Google Scholar]
- Sinigoi, S.; Quick, J.E.; Clemens-Knott, D.; Mayer, A.; Demarchi, G.; Mazzucchelli, M.; Negrini, L.; Rivalenti, G. Chemical evolution of a large mafic intrusion in the lower crust, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99, 21559–21573. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Coltorti, M.; Siena, F. Mantle tectonite and fractionate peridotite at Finero (Italian Western Alps). Neues Jahrb. fur Mineral. 1984, 149, 225–244. [Google Scholar]
- Exley, R.A.; Sills, J.D.; Smith, J.V. Geochemistry of micas from the Finero spinel-lherzolite, Italian Alps. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1982, 81, 59–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zanetti, A.; Mazzucchelli, M.; Rivalenti, G.; Vannucci, R. The Finero phlogopite-peridotite massif: An example of subduction-related metasomatism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1999, 134, 107–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garuti, G.; Bea, F.; Zaccarini, F.; Montero, P. Age, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Ultramafic Pipes in the Ivrea Zone, NW Italy. J. Petrol. 2001, 42, 433–457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Grieco, G.; Ferrario, A.; Von Quadt, A.; Koeppel, V.; Mathez, E.A. The Zircon-Bearing Chromitites of the Phlogopite Peridotite of Finero (Ivrea Zone, Southern Alps): Evidence and Geochronology of a Metasomatized Mantle Slab. J. Petrol. 2001, 42, 89–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zaccarini, F.; Stumpfl, E.F.; Garuti, G. Zirconolite and Zr-Th-U minerals in chromitites of the Finero Complex, Western Alps, Italy: Evidence for carbonatite-type metasomatism in a subcontinental mantle plume. Can. Mineral. 2004, 42, 1825–1845. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Whitney, D.L.; Evans, B.W. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. Am. Mineral. 2010, 95, 185–187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zanetti, A.; Giovanardi, T.; Langone, A.; Tiepolo, M.; Wu, F.Y.; Dallai, L.; Mazzucchelli, M. Origin and age of zircon-bearing chromitite layers from the Finero phlogopite peridotite (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Western Alps) and geodynamic consequences. Lithos 2016, 262, 58–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Freer, R.; O’reilly, W. The Diffusion of Fe2+ Ions in Spinels with Relevance to the Process of Maghemitization. Mineral. Mag. 1980, 43, 889–899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vogt, K.; Dohmen, R.; Chakraborty, S. Fe-Mg diffusion in spinel: New experimental data and a point defect model. Am. Mineral. 2015, 100, 2112–2122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dohmen, R.; Becker, H.W.; Chakraborty, S. Fe-Mg diffusion in olivine I: Experimental determination between 700 and 1200 °C as a function of composition, crystal orientation and oxygen fugacity. Phys. Chem. Miner. 2007, 34, 389–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Méducin, F.; Redfern, S.A.; Le Godec, Y.; Stone, H.J.; Tucker, M.G.; Dove, M.T.; Marshall, W.G. Study of cation order–disorder in MgAl2O4 spinel by in situ neutron diffraction up to 1600 K and 3.2 GPa. Am. Mineral. 2004, 89, 981–986. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Medaris, L.G. Coexisting spinel and silicates in alpine peridotites of the granulite facies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1975, 39, 947–958. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borisova, A.Y.; Ceuleneer, G.; Kamenetsky, V.S.; Arai, S.; Béjina, F.; Abily, B.; Bindeman, I.N.; Polvé, M.; de Parseval, P.; Aigouy, T.; et al. A new view on the petrogenesis of the Oman ophiolite chromitites from microanalyses of chromite-hosted inclusions. J. Petrol. 2012, 53, 2411–2440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Llovet, X.; Galan, G. Correction of secondary X-ray fluorescence near grain boundaries in electron microprobe analysis: Application to thermobarometry of spinel lherzolites. Am. Mineral. 2003, 88, 121–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borisova, A.Y.; Zagrtdenov, N.R.; Toplis, M.J.; Donovan, J.J.; Llovet, X.; Asimow, P.D.; de Parseval, P.; Gouy, S. Secondary fluorescence effects in microbeam analysis and their impacts on geospeedometry and geothermometry. Chem. Geol. 2018, 490, 22–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Badanina, I.Y.; Malitch, K.N.; Belousova, A. U-Pb and Hf isotope characteristics of zircon from chromites at Finero. In Proceedings of the Goldschmidt Abstracts 2013; Mineralogical Magazine; Mineralogical Society: London, UK, 2013; p. 639. [Google Scholar]
- Smye, A.J.; Stockli, D.F. Rutile U-Pb age depth profiling: A continuous record of lithospheric thermal evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2014, 408, 171–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolff, R.; Dunkl, I.; Kiesselbach, G.; Wemmer, K.; Siegesmund, S. Thermochronological constraints on the multiphase exhumation history of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone of the Southern Alps. Tectonophysics 2012, 579, 104–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giovanardi, T.; Morishita, T.; Zanetti, A.; Mazzucchelli, M.; Vannucci, R. Igneous sapphirine as a product of melt-peridotite interactions in the Finero Phlogopite-Peridotite Massif, Western Italian Alps. Eur. J. Mineral. 2013, 25, 17–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grieco, G.; Ferrario, A.; Mathez, E.A. The effect of metasomatism on the Cr-PGE mineralization in the Finero Complex, Ivrea Zone, Southern Alps. Ore Geol. Rev. 2004, 24, 299–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hartmann, G.; Wedepohl, K.H. The composition of peridotite tectonites from the Ivrea Complex, northern Italy: Residues from melt extraction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57, 1761–1782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siena, F.; Coltorti, M. The petrogenesis of a hydrated mafic ultramafic complex and the role of amphibole fractionation at Finero (Italian Western Alps). Neues Jahrb. fur Mineral. 1989, 6, 255–274. [Google Scholar]
- Sills, J.D.; Ackermand, D.; Herd, R.K.; Windley, B.F. Bulk composition and mineral parageneses of sapphirine-bearing rocks along a gabbro-lherzolite contact at Finero, Ivrea Zone, N Italy. J. Metamorph. Geol. 1983, 1, 337–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Christy, A.G. The stability of sapphirine + clinopyroxene: Implications for phase relations in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system under deep-crustal and upper mantle conditions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1989, 102, 422–428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Henk, A.; Franz, L.; Teufel, S.; Oncken, O. Magmatic Underplating, Extension, and Crustal Reequilibration: Insights from A Cross-Section Through the Ivrea Zone and Strona-Ceneri Zone, Northern Italy. J. Geol. 1997, 105, 367–378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wogelius, R.A.; Bishop, F.C. Subsolidus emplacement history of the Lanzo massif, northern Italy. Geology 1989, 17, 995–999. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pagé, P.; Barnes, S.-J. Using Trace Elements in Chromites to Constrain the Origin of Podiform Chromitites in the Thetford Mines Ophiolite, Québec, Canada. Econ. Geol. 2009, 104, 997–1018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- González-Jiménez, J.M.; Griffin, W.L.; Proenza, J.A.; Gervilla, F.; O’Reilly, S.Y.; Akbulut, M.; Pearson, N.J.; Arai, S. Chromitites in ophiolites: How, where, when, why? Part II. The crystallization of chromitites. Lithos 2014, 189, 140–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kapsiotis, A.; Rassios, A.E.; Uysal, I.; Grieco, G.; Akmaz, R.M.; Saka, S.; Bussolesi, M. Compositional fingerprints of chromian spinel from the refractory chrome ores of Metalleion, Othris (Greece): Implications for metallogeny and deformation of chromitites within a “hot” oceanic fault zone. J. Geochem. Explor. 2018, 185, 14–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Chromite Core Analyses | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chromitite | CHD | CFD | ||||||||
Sample | FIN01A | PO4A | FIN02B | PO4A | DUN-FIN | |||||
Elem | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. |
TiO2 | 0.618 | 0.055 | 0.577 | 0.044 | 0.673 | 0.095 | 0.561 | 0.020 | 0.088 | 0.035 |
Al2O3 | 14.018 | 0.434 | 15.012 | 0.376 | 13.472 | 0.278 | 15.370 | 0.731 | 5.888 | 0.066 |
Cr2O3 | 51.321 | 0.580 | 51.888 | 0.542 | 50.037 | 0.439 | 50.468 | 1.271 | 56.493 | 0.331 |
V2O3 | 0.053 | 0.028 | 0.100 | 0.043 | 0.157 | 0.027 | 0.060 | 0.040 | 0.074 | 0.045 |
Fe2O3 | 5.907 | 0.219 | 4.473 | 0.360 | 7.247 | 0.413 | 4.638 | 0.213 | 7.180 | 0.286 |
FeO | 17.973 | 0.352 | 17.771 | 0.382 | 23.008 | 0.807 | 20.741 | 0.357 | 25.211 | 0.182 |
MnO | 0.151 | 0.035 | 0.153 | 0.045 | 0.255 | 0.053 | 0.183 | 0.036 | 0.406 | 0.035 |
MgO | 11.061 | 0.262 | 11.266 | 0.230 | 7.983 | 0.533 | 9.365 | 0.222 | 4.573 | 0.084 |
NiO | 0.096 | 0.026 | 0.094 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.043 | 0.129 | 0.015 | 0.050 | 0.021 |
CaO | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.016 | 0.010 |
ZnO | 0.123 | 0.078 | 0.154 | 0.115 | 0.200 | 0.075 | 0.154 | 0.096 | 0.529 | 0.109 |
TOT | 101.387 | 0.357 | 101.513 | 0.370 | 101.600 | 0.401 | 101.709 | 0.593 | 100.519 | 0.319 |
Ti | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.002 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Al | 0.528 | 0.014 | 0.561 | 0.013 | 0.515 | 0.010 | 0.580 | 0.027 | 0.243 | 0.003 |
Cr | 1.296 | 0.019 | 1.301 | 0.016 | 1.284 | 0.010 | 1.278 | 0.032 | 1.561 | 0.008 |
V | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Fe3+ | 0.142 | 0.005 | 0.107 | 0.008 | 0.177 | 0.010 | 0.112 | 0.005 | 0.189 | 0.007 |
Fe2+ | 0.480 | 0.010 | 0.471 | 0.011 | 0.625 | 0.024 | 0.555 | 0.009 | 0.737 | 0.005 |
Mn | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Mg | 0.527 | 0.011 | 0.533 | 0.010 | 0.386 | 0.025 | 0.447 | 0.011 | 0.238 | 0.004 |
Ni | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Ca | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Zn | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.014 | 0.003 |
XCr | 0.711 | 0.008 | 0.699 | 0.007 | 0.714 | 0.005 | 0.688 | 0.015 | 0.866 | 0.002 |
XMg | 0.523 | 0.010 | 0.531 | 0.010 | 0.382 | 0.024 | 0.446 | 0.010 | 0.244 | 0.004 |
Olivine Core Analyses | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chromitite | CHD | CFD | ||||||||
Sample | FIN01A | PO4A | FIN02B | PO4A | DUN-FIN | |||||
Elem | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. | Avg. | St. Dev. |
SiO2 | 40.876 | 0.253 | 41.572 | 0.356 | 41.162 | 0.456 | 41.289 | 0.183 | 40.805 | 0.196 |
TiO2 | 0.010 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.020 | 0.013 | 0.018 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.018 | 0.017 |
Al2O3 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.007 |
Cr2O3 | 0.017 | 0.024 | 0.015 | 0.020 | 0.024 | 0.032 | 0.015 | 0.020 | 0.029 | 0.031 |
V2O3 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.014 |
Fe2O3 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
FeO | 5.678 | 0.354 | 5.689 | 0.386 | 8.168 | 0.237 | 7.260 | 0.130 | 8.472 | 0.164 |
MnO | 0.079 | 0.032 | 0.075 | 0.031 | 0.128 | 0.028 | 0.116 | 0.033 | 0.158 | 0.032 |
MgO | 51.339 | 0.427 | 52.124 | 0.644 | 50.410 | 0.347 | 50.860 | 0.271 | 48.994 | 0.327 |
NiO | 0.346 | 0.047 | 0.465 | 0.050 | 0.321 | 0.041 | 0.452 | 0.039 | 0.375 | 0.049 |
ZnO | 0.048 | 0.038 | 0.024 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.048 | 0.030 | 0.055 | 0.040 | 0.042 |
TOT | 98.419 | 0.528 | 100.013 | 0.546 | 100.303 | 0.477 | 100.078 | 0.308 | 98.917 | 0.295 |
Si | 1.000 | 0.004 | 1.001 | 0.010 | 0.999 | 0.009 | 1.001 | 0.005 | 1.008 | 0.006 |
Ti | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Al | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Cr | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
V | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Fe3+ | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Fe2+ | 0.116 | 0.007 | 0.115 | 0.008 | 0.166 | 0.005 | 0.147 | 0.003 | 0.175 | 0.004 |
Mn | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Mg | 1.873 | 0.010 | 1.872 | 0.013 | 1.824 | 0.011 | 1.838 | 0.006 | 1.804 | 0.007 |
Ni | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Zn | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
XMg | 0.942 | 0.004 | 0.942 | 0.004 | 0.917 | 0.003 | 0.926 | 0.001 | 0.912 | 0.002 |
Chromite | ||||||||||
Sample | Locality | Host Rock | a | St.Er. | b | St.Er. | c | St.Er. | XMgpr | XMgeq |
FIN01A | Rio Creves | Chromitite | 0.525 | 0.0023 | 0.052 | 0.0553 | 1.62 × 10−53 | 2.2 × 10−51 | 0.525 | 0.472 |
PO4A-GR1 | Polunia | Chromitite | 0.534 | 0.0053 | 0.022 | 0.0059 | 4.71 × 10−9 | 6.6 × 10−8 | 0.534 | 0.512 |
PO4A-GR2 | Polunia | Chromitite | 0.534 | 0.0015 | 0.011 | 0.0041 | 7.39 × 10−21 | 2.8 × 10−18 | 0.534 | 0.523 |
FIN02B-1 | Rio Creves | CHD | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | 0.347 * |
FIN02B-2 | Rio Creves | CHD | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | 0.393 * |
PO4A-GR3 | Polunia | CHD | 0.443 | 0.0084 | 0.029 | 0.0274 | 1.31 × 10−45 | 2.5 × 10−43 | 0.443 | 0.413 |
DUN-FIN | Rio Creves | CFD | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | n.c. | 0.240 * |
Olivine | ||||||||||
Sample | Locality | Host Rock | a | St.Er. | b | St.Er. | c | St.Er. | XMgpr | XMgeq |
FIN01A | Rio Creves | Chromitite | 0.938 | 0.0009 | −0.018 | 0.0013 | 8.13 × 10−6 | 1.9 × 10−5 | 0.938 | 0.957 |
PO4A-GR1 | Polunia | Chromitite | 0.940 | 0.0012 | −0.013 | 0.0020 | 1.54 × 10−10 | 1.3 × 10−9 | 0.940 | 0.953 |
PO4A-GR2 | Polunia | Chromitite | 0.939 | 0.0043 | −0.016 | 0.0039 | 8.66 × 10−6 | 5.9 × 10−5 | 0.939 | 0.955 |
FIN02B-1 | Rio Creves | CHD | 0.916 | 0.0003 | −0.015 | 0.0018 | 4.42 × 10−25 | 5.1 × 10−24 | 0.916 | 0.931 |
FIN02B-2 | Rio Creves | CHD | 0.916 | 0.0010 | −0.027 | 0.0017 | 4.06 × 10−15 | 2.0 × 10−14 | 0.916 | 0.943 |
PO4A-GR3 | Polunia | CHD | 0.926 | 0.0005 | −0.016 | 0.0016 | 2.11 × 10−14 | 1.3 × 10−13 | 0.926 | 0.942 |
DUN-FIN | Rio Creves | CFD | 0.911 | 0.0009 | −0.008 | 0.0027 | 1.76 × 10−26 | 6.8 × 10−25 | 0.911 | 0.919 |
Sample | Locality | Lithology | Tpr (°C) | Teq (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
FIN01A | Rio Creves | chromitite | 849 | 694 |
PO4A-GR1 | Polunia | chromitite | 812 | 713 |
PO4A-GR2 | Polunia | chromitite | 817 | 715 |
FIN02B-1 | Rio Creves | CHD | n.c. | 657 |
FIN02B-2 | Rio Creves | CHD | n.c. | 675 |
PO4A-GR3 | Polunia | CHD | 753 | 662 |
DUN-FIN | Rio Creves | CFD | n.c. | 656 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Bussolesi, M.; Grieco, G.; Tzamos, E. Olivine–Spinel Diffusivity Patterns in Chromitites and Dunites from the Finero Phlogopite-Peridotite (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Southern Alps): Implications for the Thermal History of the Massif. Minerals 2019, 9, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020075
Bussolesi M, Grieco G, Tzamos E. Olivine–Spinel Diffusivity Patterns in Chromitites and Dunites from the Finero Phlogopite-Peridotite (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Southern Alps): Implications for the Thermal History of the Massif. Minerals. 2019; 9(2):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020075
Chicago/Turabian StyleBussolesi, Micol, Giovanni Grieco, and Evangelos Tzamos. 2019. "Olivine–Spinel Diffusivity Patterns in Chromitites and Dunites from the Finero Phlogopite-Peridotite (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Southern Alps): Implications for the Thermal History of the Massif" Minerals 9, no. 2: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020075