FTIR-Based Crystallinity Assessment of Aragonite–Calcite Mixtures in Archaeological Lime Binders Altered by Diagenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Standard Reference Materials
2.2. Density Separation
2.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. FTIR Grinding Curves
3.2. Aragonite in Heat-Altered Sediments
3.3. Aragonite–Calcite Mixtures in Lime Binders
3.4. Applications
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample and C:A Ratio (%) | Calcite | Aragonite | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ν3 | ν2 | ν4 | Nν2 | Nν4 | ν3 | ν2 | ν4 | Nν2 | Nν4 | |
Mix 50:50 | 1.761 | 0.733 | 0.287 | 416 | 81 | 1.700 | 0.630 | 0.287 | 370 | 84 |
Mix 30:70 | 1.521 | 0.509 | 0.344 | 334 | 68 | 1.698 | 0.787 | 0.344 | 463 | 141 |
Mix 70:30 | 1.906 | 0.898 | 0.310 | 471 | 113 | 1.734 | 0.447 | 0.310 | 257 | 54 |
Megiddo coarse 40:60 | 0.086 | 0.028 | 0.017 | 325 | 79 | 0.149 | 0.060 | 0.017 | 402 | 68 |
Megiddo fine 30:70 | 0.353 | 0.147 | 0.075 | 416 | 70 | 0.703 | 0.324 | 0.075 | 460 | 71 |
Tell es-Safi/Gath 30:70 | 0.376 | 0.100 | 0.059 | 266 | 47 | 0.600 | 0.231 | 0.059 | 385 | 69 |
Motza 111 70:30 | 1.013 | 0.457 | 0.131 | 451 | 90 | 0.959 | 0.340 | 0.131 | 354 | 41 |
Motza 3889 80:20 | 1.264 | 0.532 | 0.147 | 420 | 93 | 1.198 | 0.354 | 0.147 | 295 | 24 |
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Toffolo, M.B.; Regev, L.; Dubernet, S.; Lefrais, Y.; Boaretto, E. FTIR-Based Crystallinity Assessment of Aragonite–Calcite Mixtures in Archaeological Lime Binders Altered by Diagenesis. Minerals 2019, 9, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020121
Toffolo MB, Regev L, Dubernet S, Lefrais Y, Boaretto E. FTIR-Based Crystallinity Assessment of Aragonite–Calcite Mixtures in Archaeological Lime Binders Altered by Diagenesis. Minerals. 2019; 9(2):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020121
Chicago/Turabian StyleToffolo, Michael B., Lior Regev, Stéphan Dubernet, Yannick Lefrais, and Elisabetta Boaretto. 2019. "FTIR-Based Crystallinity Assessment of Aragonite–Calcite Mixtures in Archaeological Lime Binders Altered by Diagenesis" Minerals 9, no. 2: 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020121