Metal Sequestration through Coupled Dissolution–Precipitation at the Brucite–Water Interface
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Atomic Force Microscopy
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3. Raman Spectroscopy
2.4. Geochemical Modelling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Brucite Dissolution in the Presence of Dissolved Metals
3.2. Precipitation at the Dissolving Brucite Surface
3.3. Identification of the Precipitates
3.4. The Importance of the Fluid Boundary Layer
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Rinklebe, J.; Knox, A.S.; Paller, M. Trace Elements in Waterlogged Soils and Sediments; CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: New York, NY, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Hooda, P.S. Trace Elements in Soils, 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Kabata-Pendias, A.; Mukherjee, A.B. Trace Elements from Soil to Human; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Fu, F.; Wang, Q. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. J. Environ. Manag. 2011, 92, 407–418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- World Health Organisation. Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Denkhaus, E.; Salnikow, K. Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 2002, 42, 35–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tchounwou, P.B.; Yedjou, C.G.; Patlolla, A.K.; Sutton, D.J. Heavy metals toxicity and the environment. Mol. Clin. Environ. Toxicol. 2012, 101, 133–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Papanikolaou, N.C.; Hatzidaki, E.G.; Belivanis, S.; Tzanakakis, G.N.; Tsatsakis, A.M. Lead toxicity update. A brief review. Med. Sci. Monit. 2005, 11, RA329–RA336. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Hashim, M.A.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Sahu, J.N.; Sengupta, B. Remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater. J. Environ. Manag. 2011, 92, 2355–2388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barakat, M.A. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arab. J. Chem. 2011, 4, 361–377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akcil, A.; Koldas, S. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Causes, treatment and case studies. J. Clean. Prod. 2006, 14, 1139–1145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sheoran, A.S.; Sheoran, V. Heavy metal removal mechanism of acid mine drainage in wetlands: A critical review. Miner. Eng. 2006, 19, 105–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rötting, T.S.; Ayora, C.; Carrera, J. Improved passive treatment of high Zn and Mn concentrations using Caustic Magnesia (MgO): Particle size effects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 9370–9377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di Bonito, M.; Lofts, S.; Groenenberg, J.E. Models of geochemical speciation: Structure and applications. In Environmental Geochemistry; De Vivo, B., Belkin, H.E., Lima, A., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018; pp. 237–305. [Google Scholar]
- Aziz, H.A.; Adlan, M.N.; Ariffin, K.S. Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr(III)) removal from water in Malaysia: Post treatment by high quality limestone. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99, 1578–1583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mirbagheri, S.A.; Hosseini, S.N. Pilot plant investigation on petrochemical wastewater treatment for the removal of copper and chromium with the objective of reuse. Desalination 2005, 171, 85–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cortina, J.L.; Lagreca, I.; De Pablo, J. Passive in situ remediation of metal-polluted water with Caustic Magnesia: Evidence from column experiments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1971–1977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rötting, T.S.; Cama, J.; Ayora, C. Use of caustic magnesia to remove cadmium, nickel, and cobalt from water in passive treatment systems: Column experiments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 6438–6443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Caraballo, M.A.; Rötting, T.S.; Macías, F.; Nieto, J.M.; Ayora, C. Field multi-step limestone and MgO passive system to treat acid mine drainage with high metal concentrations. Appl. Geochem. 2009, 24, 2301–2311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Macías, F.; Caraballo, M.A.; Rötting, T.S.; Pérez-López, R.; Nieto, J.M.; Ayora, C. From highly polluted Zn-rich acid mine drainage to non-metallic waters: Implementation of a multi-step alkaline passive treatment system to remediate metal pollution. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 433, 323–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dong, J.; Li, B.; Bao, Q. In situ reactive zone with modified Mg(OH)2 for remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater: Immobilization and interaction of Cr(III), Pb(II) and Cd(II). J. Contam. Hydrol. 2017, 199, 50–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Garcia, M.A.; Chimenos, J.M.; Fernandez, A.I.; Miralles, L.; Segarra, M.; Espiell, F. Low-grade MgO used to stabilize heavy metals in highly contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2004, 56, 481–491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Navarro, A.; Chimenos, J.M.; Muntaner, D.; Fernández, A.I. Permeable reactive barriers for the removal of heavy metals: Lab-scale experiments with low-grade magnesium oxide. Gr. Water Monit. Remediat. 2006, 26, 142–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shao, L.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, J.F.; Wu, W.; Lu, S.C. Buffer behavior of brucite in removing copper from acidic solution. Miner. Eng. 2005, 18, 639–641. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, X.; Burns, R.C.; Lawrance, G.A. Heavy metals in wastewater: The effect of electrolyte composition on the precipitation of cadmium(II) using lime and magnesia. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2005, 165, 131–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pilarska, A.A.; Klapiszewski, Ł.; Jesionowski, T. Recent development in the synthesis, modification and application of Mg(OH)2 and MgO: A review. Powder Technol. 2017, 319, 373–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balducci, G.; Bravo Diaz, L.; Gregory, D.H. Recent progress in the synthesis of nanostructured magnesium hydroxide. CrystEngComm 2017, 19, 6067–6084. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mahdavi, S.; Jalali, M.; Afkhami, A. Heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions using TiO2, MgO, and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Chem. Eng. Commun. 2013, 200, 448–470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hua, M.; Zhang, S.; Pan, B.; Zhang, W.; Lv, L.; Zhang, Q. Heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by nanosized metal oxides: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 211–212, 317–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gao, C.; Zhang, W.; Li, H.; Lang, L.; Xu, Z. Controllable fabrication of mesoporous MgO with various morphologies and their absorption performance for toxic pollutants in water. Cryst. Growth Des. 2008, 8, 3785–3790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, S.; Cheng, F.; Tao, Z.; Gao, F.; Chen, J. Removal of nickel ions from wastewater by Mg(OH)2/MgO nanostructures embedded in Al2O3 membranes. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 426, 281–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, J.; Gao, M.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, S.; Zhao, X.; Ren, Y.; Lv, Y.; Fan, Z. Fabrication of mesoporous magnesium oxide nanosheets using magnesium powder and their excellent adsorption of Ni (II). J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 510, 69–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xiong, C.; Wang, W.; Tan, F.; Luo, F.; Chen, J.; Qiao, X. Investigation on the efficiency and mechanism of Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions using MgO nanoparticles. J. Hazard. Mater. 2015, 299, 664–674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liang, X.; Zang, Y.; Xu, Y.; Tan, X.; Hou, W.; Wang, L.; Sun, Y. Sorption of metal cations on layered double hydroxides. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2013, 433, 122–131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Uddin, M.K. A review on the adsorption of heavy metals by clay minerals, with special focus on the past decade. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 308, 438–462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Kowacz, M.; Putnis, C.V.; Putnis, A. The role of background electrolytes on the kinetics and mechanism of calcite dissolution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2010, 74, 1256–1267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, N.S.; Kim, M.W.; Langford, S.C.; Dickinson, J.T. Atomic layer wear of single-crystal calcite in aqueous solution scanning force microscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 1996, 80, 2680–2686. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lafuente, B.; Downs, R.T.; Yang, H.; Stone, N. The Power of Databases: The RRUFF Project. In Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography; Walter de Gruyter GmbH: Berlin, Germany, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Parkhurst, D.L.; Appelo, C.A.J. User’s Guide to PHREEQC (Version 2): A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, Onedimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations; Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259; U.S. Geological Survey: Reston, WV, USA, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Chivot, J.; Mendoza, L.; Mansour, C.; Pauporté, T.; Cassir, M. New insight in the behaviour of Co-H2O system at 25–150 °C, based on revised Pourbaix diagrams. Corros. Sci. 2008, 50, 62–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kudoh, Y.; Kameda, J.; Kogure, T. Dissolution of brucite and the (001) surface at neutral pH: In situ atomic force microscopy observations. Clays Clay Miner. 2006, 54, 598–604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hövelmann, J.; Putnis, C.V.; Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Austrheim, H. Direct nanoscale observations of CO2 sequestration during brucite [Mg(OH)2] dissolution. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 5253–5260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Putnis, C.V. Direct observations of mineral fluid reactions using atomic force microscopy: The specific example of calcite. Miner. Mag. 2012, 76, 227–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stumm, W. Reactivity at the mineral-water interface: Dissolution and inhibition. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 1997, 120, 143–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pokrovsky, O.S.; Schott, J.; Castillo, A. Kinetics of brucite dissolution at 25 °C in the presence of organic and inorganic ligands and divalent metals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2005, 69, 905–918. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fischer, C.; Arvidson, R.S.; Lüttge, A. How predictable are dissolution rates of crystalline material? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2012, 98, 177–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fischer, C.; Kurganskaya, I.; Schäfer, T.; Lüttge, A. Variability of crystal surface reactivity: What do we know? Appl. Geochem. 2014, 43, 132–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jordan, G.; Rammensee, W. Dissolution rates and activation energy for dissolution of brucite (001): A new method based on the microtopography of crystal surfaces. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60, 5055–5062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hövelmann, J.; Putnis, C.V. In Situ nanoscale imaging of struvite formation during the dissolution of natural brucite: Implications for phosphorus recovery from wastewaters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 13032–13041. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dawson, P.; Hadfield, C.D.; Wilkinson, G.R. The polarized infra-red and Raman spectra of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2. J. Phys. Chem. Solid 1973, 34, 1217–1225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tandon, K.; John, M.; Heuss-aßbichler, S.; Schaller, V. Influence of Salinity and Pb on the Precipitation of Zn in a Model System. Minerals. 2018, 8, 43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shinde, V.R.; Shim, H.S.; Gujar, T.P.; Kim, H.J.; Kim, W.B. A solution chemistry approach for the selective formation of ultralong nanowire bundles of crystalline Cd(OH)2 on substrates. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1008–1012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Veleva, L.; Quintana, P.; Ramanauskas, R.; Pomes, R.; Maldonado, L. Mechanism of copper patina formation in marine environments. Electrochim. Acta 1996, 41, 1641–1646. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gibert, O.; De Pablo, J.; Cortina, J.L.; Ayora, C. Municipal compost-based mixture for acid mine drainage bioremediation: Metal retention mechanisms. Appl. Geochem. 2005, 20, 1648–1657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brooker, M.H.; Sunder, S.; Taylor, P.; Lopata, V.J. Infrared and Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction studies of solid lead(II) carbonates. Can. J. Chem. 1983, 61, 494–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hardison, D.W.; Ma, L.Q.; Luongo, T.; Harris, W.G. Lead contamination in shooting range soils from abrasion of lead bullets and subsequent weathering. Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 328, 175–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sangameshwar, S.R.; Barnes, H.L. Supergene processes in zinc-lead–silver sulfide ores in carbonates. Econ. Geol. 1983, 78, 1379–1397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Putnis, C.V.; King, H.E.; Hövelmann, J.; Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Putnis, A. Imaging organophosphate and pyrophosphate sequestration on brucite by in situ atomic force microscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 328–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Putnis, C.V.; Renard, F.; King, H.E.; Montes-Hernandez, G.; Ruiz-Agudo, E. Sequestration of selenium on calcite surfaces revealed by nanoscale imaging. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 13469–13476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Renard, F.; Putnis, C.V.; Montes-Hernandez, G.; Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Hovelmann, J.; Sarret, G. Interactions of arsenic with calcite surfaces revealed by in situ nanoscale imaging. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2015, 159, 61–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Putnis, C.V.; Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Hövelmann, J.; Putnis, A. In situ imaging of interfacial precipitation of phosphate on goethite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 4184–4192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, L.; Putnis, C.V.; Ruiz-Agudo, E.; King, H.E.; Putnis, A. Coupled dissolution and precipitation at the cerussite-phosphate solution interface: Implications for immobilization of lead in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 13502–13510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Putnis, C.V.; Putnis, A. Coupled dissolution and precipitation at mineral–fluid interfaces. Chem. Geol. 2014, 383, 132–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Putnis, C.V.; Ruiz-Agudo, E.; Hövelmann, J. Coupled fluctuations in element release during dolomite dissolution. Miner. Mag. 2014, 78, 1355–1362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ruiz-Agudo, E.; King, H.E.; Patiño-Ĺpez, L.D.; Putnis, C.V.; Geisler, T.; Rodriguez-Navarro, C.; Putnis, A. Control of silicate weathering by interface-coupled dissolution–precipitation processes at the mineral-solution interface. Geology 2016, 44, 567–570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Putnis, A.; Putnis, C. V The mechanism of reequilibration of solids in the presence of a fluid phase. J. Solid State Chem. 2007, 180, 1783–1786. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Putnis, A. Mineral Replacement Reactions. Rev. Miner. Geochem. 2009, 70, 87–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Yoreo, J.J.; Gilbert, P.U.P.A.; Sommerdijk, N.A.J.M.; Penn, R.L.; Whitelam, S.; Joester, D.; Zhang, H.; Rimer, J.D.; Navrotsky, A.; Banfield, J.F.; et al. Crystallization by particle attachment in synthetic, biogenic, and geologic environments. Science 2015, 349, aaa6760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Teng, H. How ions and molecules organize to form crystals. Elements 2013, 9, 189–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Metal | Concentration | pH | Spreading Rate | Standard Deviation | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mmol/L) | (nm/s) | ||||
Zn | 1 | 4.5 | 0.34 | 0.07 | 19 |
5 | 4.5 | 0.46 | 0.05 | 15 | |
1 | 5.6 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 24 | |
5 | 5.6 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 12 | |
20 | 5.6 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 9 | |
50 | 5.6 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 6 | |
Cd | 20 | 4.2 | 0.89 | 0.22 | 5 |
5 | 4.5 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 5 | |
5 | 5 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 16 | |
10 | 5 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 10 | |
20 | 5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 10 | |
1 | 5.7 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 5 | |
10 | 6 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 10 | |
Co | 10 | 5.6 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 8 |
20 | 5.6 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 17 | |
50 | 5.6 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 10 | |
Ni | 1 | 4.5 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 10 |
20 | 5 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 26 | |
50 | 5.7 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 18 | |
Cu | 5 | 4.5 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 10 |
Pb | 1 | 4.5 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 10 |
no metals * | 4 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 8 | |
5 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 10 | ||
7 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 11 |
Metal Concentration | Initial pH | Solution Volume | Reaction Time | pH after Reaction with Brucite Crystal (ca. 3 mm × 3 mm × 0.2 mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mmol/L) | (mL) | (days) | ZnSO4 | CdSO4 | CoSO4 | NiSO4 | CuCl2 | PbCl2 | |
0.1 | 4.5 | 7 | 3 | 5.96 | 5.84 | 6.86 | 6.6 | 5.56 | 5.31 |
1 | 4.5 | 7 | 1 | 5.2 | 5.43 | 5.21 | 5.12 | 5.07 | 4.99 |
10 | 4.5 | 7 | 3 | 5.54 | 5.56 | 5.65 | 5.77 | 4.66 | - |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hövelmann, J.; Putnis, C.V.; Benning, L.G. Metal Sequestration through Coupled Dissolution–Precipitation at the Brucite–Water Interface. Minerals 2018, 8, 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080346
Hövelmann J, Putnis CV, Benning LG. Metal Sequestration through Coupled Dissolution–Precipitation at the Brucite–Water Interface. Minerals. 2018; 8(8):346. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080346
Chicago/Turabian StyleHövelmann, Jörn, Christine V. Putnis, and Liane G. Benning. 2018. "Metal Sequestration through Coupled Dissolution–Precipitation at the Brucite–Water Interface" Minerals 8, no. 8: 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080346