Particle Size Distribution Effects on the Strength Characteristic of Cemented Paste Backfill
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Specimens
2.3. Experimental Equipment and Testing Parameters
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Confining Pressure and the Particle Size Distribution Effect on Stress–Strain Behavior and the AE Characteristic of CPB
3.2. Effects of Particle Size Distribution on the Strength Parameters of CPB
3.3. The Coupled Effect of Confining Pressure and Particle Size Distribution on the Strength Parameters of CPB
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The confining pressure not only increases the peak strength and compressibility of CPB, but also greatly increases its ductility. With the increase of confining pressure, CPB is transformed from demonstrating the strain softening characteristic under uniaxial compression to the strain hardening characteristic under triaxial compression. The material must have two points at the same time to achieve this ductility characteristic under confining pressure. The first is that the new cracks continuously expand and propagate. The second is that the already opened cracks require constant compression and occlusal friction. Therefore, under the condition of confining pressure, the AE characteristic of CPB specimens show that small AE signals distribute around the large AE signals. This is obviously different from the AE characteristic under uniaxial compression.
- (2)
- This ductility and the dilatancy deformation of CPB are positively correlated with the Talbot index of particles. In addition, in the CPB specimens with a Talbot index of 0.2, since they contain too many fine particles, the density and intensity of the AE distribution and the peak strength are the lowest among all the specimens.
- (3)
- The peak strength of the CPB specimen first increases and then decreases with the increase of the Talbot index, and the relationship between the peak strength and the Talbot index can be described by a quadratic polynomial function. The extremum of the function in the Talbot gradation range can be used to characterize the optimal gradation of particles reflected by the maximum strength of the CPB material, for which the optimal Talbot index is between 0.4 and 0.6.
- (4)
- The established strength parameter model of CPB under the coupled influence of the confining pressure and the particle size distribution is related to the cohesiveness and internal friction properties of the material, and each parameter has a definite physical meaning. Under the conditions of this paper, the model can effectively reflect the influence of the confining pressure and the particle size distribution on the peak strength of CPB, and can also reflect the influence of the particle size distribution on the cohesive force and internal friction angle of CPB.
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Varieties (%) | CaO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | MgO | K2O | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tailings | 3.91 | 13.21 | 67.75 | 2.87 | 0.02 | 3.69 |
Varieties (%) | CaO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | TiO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P.C. 32.5R | 62.19 | 4.67 | 21.56 | 3.69 | 2.87 | 1.91 | 0.21 | 0.68 | 0.16 |
n | Mass (g) of Particles in Different Sizes (mm) | Mass Percent (%) of Particles in Different Sizes (mm) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–0.5 | 0.5–1 | 1–1.5 | 1.5–2.5 | 2.5–5 | 5.0–8.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 0–0.5 | 0.5–1 | 1–1.5 | 1.5–2.5 | 2.5–5 | 5.0–8.0 | 8.0–10.0 | |
0.2 | 164.78 | 24.51 | 15.99 | 22.08 | 33.81 | 25.74 | 13.09 | 54.93 | 8.17 | 5.33 | 7.36 | 11.27 | 8.58 | 4.36 |
0.4 | 90.51 | 28.92 | 21.03 | 31.84 | 55.05 | 47.03 | 25.62 | 30.17 | 9.64 | 7.01 | 10.61 | 18.35 | 15.68 | 8.54 |
0.6 | 49.72 | 25.64 | 20.76 | 34.47 | 67.34 | 64.48 | 37.59 | 16.57 | 8.55 | 6.92 | 11.49 | 22.45 | 21.49 | 12.53 |
0.8 | 27.31 | 20.23 | 18.22 | 33.20 | 73.34 | 78.65 | 49.05 | 9.10 | 6.74 | 6.07 | 11.07 | 24.45 | 26.22 | 16.35 |
Talbot Index | Type of Cementing Material | Content of Cementing Material m/g | Content of Distilled Water v/mL |
---|---|---|---|
0.2 | Cement | 30 | 22.5 |
0.4 | Cement | 30 | 22.5 |
0.6 | Cement | 30 | 22.5 |
0.8 | Cement | 30 | 22.5 |
σ3 (MPa) | Relationship | Correlation Coefficient |
---|---|---|
0 | σ1c = −5.3837n2 + 6.3157n + 0.0917 | 0.9689 |
0.5 | σ1c = −4.5618n2 + 5.2160n + 2.4078 | 0.9577 |
1 | σ1c = −6.6370n2 + 7.2179n + 2.7966 | 0.9160 |
2 | σ1c = −10.5912n2 + 11.4653n + 3.1738 | 0.9719 |
n | Relationship | Correlation Coefficient |
---|---|---|
0.2 | σ1c = 1.9897σ3 + 1.6648 | 0.9043 |
0.4 | σ1c = 2.3832σ3 + 2.0175 | 0.8981 |
0.6 | σ1c = 2.3916σ3 + 2.0385 | 0.9461 |
0.8 | σ1c = 2.0791σ3 + 1.7497 | 0.9160 |
Parameter | Relationship | Correlation Coefficient |
---|---|---|
M | M = −3.4469n2 + 3.7197n + 1.0643 | 0.9795 |
N | N = −4.5569n2 + 4.7295n + 1.2074 | 0.9918 |
c | c = −0.7229n2 + 0.7507n + 0.4689 | 0.9999 |
φ | φ = −53.1829n2 + 55.0045n + 10.5035 | 0.9934 |
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Wu, J.; Feng, M.; Chen, Z.; Mao, X.; Han, G.; Wang, Y. Particle Size Distribution Effects on the Strength Characteristic of Cemented Paste Backfill. Minerals 2018, 8, 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080322
Wu J, Feng M, Chen Z, Mao X, Han G, Wang Y. Particle Size Distribution Effects on the Strength Characteristic of Cemented Paste Backfill. Minerals. 2018; 8(8):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080322
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jiangyu, Meimei Feng, Zhanqing Chen, Xianbiao Mao, Guansheng Han, and Yiming Wang. 2018. "Particle Size Distribution Effects on the Strength Characteristic of Cemented Paste Backfill" Minerals 8, no. 8: 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080322