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Minerals
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/min13020199
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Article

The Occurrence Mechanism of Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Second Member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

by
Qingmin Dong
1,*,
Xiugang Pu
2,
Shiyue Chen
1,*,
Jihua Yan
1,
Zhannan Shi
2,
Wenzhong Han
2,
Delu Xie
2,
Jiangchang Dong
2,
Zheng Fang
1 and
Bo Wang
1
1
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
2
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Dagang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Tianjin 300280, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2023, 13(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020199
Submission received: 25 November 2022 / Revised: 29 December 2022 / Accepted: 19 January 2023 / Published: 30 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reservoir and Geochemistry Characteristics of Black Shale)
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Abstract

The lacustrine shale in the second member of the Kongdian Formation (Ek2) is the most significant target of shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. To investigate the occurrence mechanisms and to reveal the influencing factors of shale oil mobility in Ek2, a series of analyses (X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, low-temperature nitrogen physisorption (LNP), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and multiple isothermal stage (MIS) pyrolysis) were conducted on samples collected from well cores in the Cangdong Sag. The results show that the lithofacies can be categorized as laminated felsic shales, laminated and massive mixed shales, and laminated and massive carbonate shales. The shales were characterized by a high organic matter abundance and moderate thermal evolution with good to excellent hydrocarbon generation potential and contained a high abundance of Type I and II1 kerogens. Laminated felsic shales and laminated mixed shales, compared with other lithofacies, had clear advantages in the amount of free hydrocarbon that can be volatilized from the rock (S1), the oil saturation index (OSI) value, and the free oil and movable oil content. LNP, MIP, and MIS pyrolysis analyses show that the residual shale oil mainly occurred in pores with diameters smaller than 200 nm, and the pore diameter when residual oil occurred in some laminated shale samples could reach 50 μm. The lower limits of the pore diameter where free oil and movable oil occurred were 7 and 30 nm, respectively. The mobility of shale oil is controlled by the shale oil component, thermal maturity, TOC content, and pore volume. The results herein provide a basis for the evaluation of optimal shale oil intervals.
Keywords: oil-bearing characteristics; occurrence mechanism; lacustrine shale oil; Kongdian Formation; Cangdong Sag oil-bearing characteristics; occurrence mechanism; lacustrine shale oil; Kongdian Formation; Cangdong Sag

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dong, Q.; Pu, X.; Chen, S.; Yan, J.; Shi, Z.; Han, W.; Xie, D.; Dong, J.; Fang, Z.; Wang, B. The Occurrence Mechanism of Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Second Member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Minerals 2023, 13, 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020199

AMA Style

Dong Q, Pu X, Chen S, Yan J, Shi Z, Han W, Xie D, Dong J, Fang Z, Wang B. The Occurrence Mechanism of Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Second Member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Minerals. 2023; 13(2):199. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020199

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong, Qingmin, Xiugang Pu, Shiyue Chen, Jihua Yan, Zhannan Shi, Wenzhong Han, Delu Xie, Jiangchang Dong, Zheng Fang, and Bo Wang. 2023. "The Occurrence Mechanism of Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Second Member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin" Minerals 13, no. 2: 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020199

APA Style

Dong, Q., Pu, X., Chen, S., Yan, J., Shi, Z., Han, W., Xie, D., Dong, J., Fang, Z., & Wang, B. (2023). The Occurrence Mechanism of Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Second Member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Minerals, 13(2), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020199

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