Contrasting Styles of Inter-Caldera Volcanism in a Peralkaline System: Case Studies from Pantelleria (Sicily Channel, Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geologic Setting
3. Stratigraphy of the Volcanic Centers
- The pre-Green Tuff Cuddia Attalora (Cùddia is a local name that translates to “hill”), an explosive and effusive volcano, which represents the largest of the pre-Green Tuff inter-ignimbrite centers, is located 600 m north of the buried rim of the old caldera (La Vecchia caldera, age 140–145 ka).
- The post-Green Tuff Cuddia Patite center, a dominantly explosive volcano, is situated immediately above the buried rim of the younger caldera (Cinque Denti caldera, age ≥ 46 ka).
- The Cala delle Giache center, a pre-GT monogenetic volcano located in the eastern sector, is situated 300 m east of the buried rim of the older (La Vecchia) caldera, which is exposed as a perfect longitudinal cross-section on the east coast, having a peculiar assemblage of a pumice fallout, a very small-volume ignimbrite, as well as a 150 m × 30 m sub-volcanic intrusion with its well-exposed feeding dike.
3.1. Cuddia Attalora Center (ATT)
3.2. Cala Delle Giache Center (GIA)
3.3. Cuddia Patite Center (PAT)
4. Analytical Techniques
5. Results
5.1. Classification and Major Element Geochemistry
5.2. Petrography and Geochemistry
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
- The Patite volcanic center (age ~14 ka) is the sole among the three centers to have erupted clearly pantellerite magma (either as pumice fallout or as lava flows compositionally very similar to the most evolved post-GT pantellerites).
- The ~69 ka Attalora volcanic center located along the La Vecchia caldera rim and consisted of less evolved comenditic trachytes to comendites, similar to the 85 ka Mordomo ignimbrite.
- The local Giache volcanic center (age 125–105 ka) is more enigmatic, but due to its position very close to the La Vecchia caldera rim, it likely drained less peralkaline magma, similarly to the Cuddia Attalora center, along the La Vecchia faults. This center represents the resumption of volcanism after the eruption of the Cinque Denti ignimbrite (125 ka), with this latter sharing rather similar SiO2 content, peralkalinity index, and mineralogy [1].
- Different mineral assemblages and different results of empirical and thermodynamic models [16,20,21,22] obtained for the products of the three centers suggest that pre-GT comenditic pantelleritic magma evolved in a temperature range of 800–850 °C, while post-Green Tuff pantellerites evolved at lower temperatures of around 700–750 °C, consistent with pre-eruptive temperatures derived by experimental phase equilibria.
8. Suggestions for Future Research
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Romano, P.; White, J.C.; Rotolo, S.G.; Jordan, N.J.; Cirrincione, R.; De Giorgio, G.; Fiannacca, P.; Vaccaro, E. Contrasting Styles of Inter-Caldera Volcanism in a Peralkaline System: Case Studies from Pantelleria (Sicily Channel, Italy). Minerals 2022, 12, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040406
Romano P, White JC, Rotolo SG, Jordan NJ, Cirrincione R, De Giorgio G, Fiannacca P, Vaccaro E. Contrasting Styles of Inter-Caldera Volcanism in a Peralkaline System: Case Studies from Pantelleria (Sicily Channel, Italy). Minerals. 2022; 12(4):406. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040406
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomano, Pierangelo, John Charles White, Silvio Giuseppe Rotolo, Nina J. Jordan, Rosolino Cirrincione, Giovanni De Giorgio, Patrizia Fiannacca, and Epifanio Vaccaro. 2022. "Contrasting Styles of Inter-Caldera Volcanism in a Peralkaline System: Case Studies from Pantelleria (Sicily Channel, Italy)" Minerals 12, no. 4: 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040406