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Volume 11
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10.3390/min11070780
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Article

Nitrogen under Super-Reducing Conditions: Ti Oxynitride Melts in Xenolithic Corundum Aggregates from Mt Carmel (N. Israel)

by
William L. Griffin
1,*,
Sarah E. M. Gain
1,2,3,
Martin Saunders
3,
Olivier Alard
1,
Jeremy Shaw
3,
Vered Toledo
4 and
Suzanne Y. O’Reilly
1
1
ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) and GEMOC, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
2
Geological Survey of Western Australia, Carlisle, WA 6101, Australia
3
Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
4
Shefa Gems Ltd., Netanya 4210602, Israel
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2021, 11(7), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070780
Submission received: 15 June 2021 / Revised: 29 June 2021 / Accepted: 12 July 2021 / Published: 18 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Minerals: Frontiers of Mineral Science)
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Abstract

Titanium oxynitrides (Ti(N,O,C)) are abundant in xenolithic corundum aggregates in pyroclastic ejecta of Cretaceous volcanoes on Mount Carmel, northern Israel. Petrographic observations indicate that most of these nitrides existed as melts, immiscible with coexisting silicate and Fe-Ti-C silicide melts; some nitrides may also have crystallized directly from the silicide melts. The TiN phase shows a wide range of solid solution, taking up 0–10 wt% carbon and 1.7–17 wt% oxygen; these have crystallized in the halite (fcc) structure common to synthetic and natural TiN. Nitrides coexisting with silicide melts have higher C/O than those coexisting with silicate melts. Analyses with no carbon fall along the TiN–TiO join in the Ti–N–O phase space, implying that their Ti is a mixture of Ti3+ and Ti2+, while those with 1–3 at.% C appear to be solid solutions between TiN and Ti0.75O. Analyses with >10 at% C have higher Ti2+/Ti3+, reflecting a decrease in fO2. Oxygen fugacity was 6 to 8 log units below the iron–wüstite buffer, at or below the Ti2O3–TiO buffer. These relationships and coexisting silicide phases indicate temperatures of 1400–1100 °C. Ti oxynitrides are probably locally abundant in the upper mantle, especially in the presence of CH4–H2 fluids derived from the deeper metal-saturated mantle.
Keywords: titanium nitrides; oxynitrides; methane–hydrogen fluids; mantle mineralogy; reducing conditions; Mt Carmel titanium nitrides; oxynitrides; methane–hydrogen fluids; mantle mineralogy; reducing conditions; Mt Carmel

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MDPI and ACS Style

Griffin, W.L.; Gain, S.E.M.; Saunders, M.; Alard, O.; Shaw, J.; Toledo, V.; O’Reilly, S.Y. Nitrogen under Super-Reducing Conditions: Ti Oxynitride Melts in Xenolithic Corundum Aggregates from Mt Carmel (N. Israel). Minerals 2021, 11, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070780

AMA Style

Griffin WL, Gain SEM, Saunders M, Alard O, Shaw J, Toledo V, O’Reilly SY. Nitrogen under Super-Reducing Conditions: Ti Oxynitride Melts in Xenolithic Corundum Aggregates from Mt Carmel (N. Israel). Minerals. 2021; 11(7):780. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070780

Chicago/Turabian Style

Griffin, William L., Sarah E. M. Gain, Martin Saunders, Olivier Alard, Jeremy Shaw, Vered Toledo, and Suzanne Y. O’Reilly. 2021. "Nitrogen under Super-Reducing Conditions: Ti Oxynitride Melts in Xenolithic Corundum Aggregates from Mt Carmel (N. Israel)" Minerals 11, no. 7: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070780

APA Style

Griffin, W. L., Gain, S. E. M., Saunders, M., Alard, O., Shaw, J., Toledo, V., & O’Reilly, S. Y. (2021). Nitrogen under Super-Reducing Conditions: Ti Oxynitride Melts in Xenolithic Corundum Aggregates from Mt Carmel (N. Israel). Minerals, 11(7), 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070780

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