CFD Modeling and Simulation of the Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Coarse Coal Particles in a 3D Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. CFD Mathematical Model Development
2.1. CFD-KTGF Model
2.2. Turbulent Model
2.3. Interphase Force Models
2.3.1. Gidaspow Drag Force Model
2.3.2. Moraga Lift Force Model
3. Simulation Details
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Grid Dependence Analysis
4.2. Model Validation
4.3. Model Application
4.3.1. Effect of Coal Particles Size
4.3.2. Effect of Coal Particle Densities
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Drag coefficient | |
Lift force coefficient | |
Diameter of particles, m | |
Particle–particle restitution coefficient | |
D | Diffusion coefficient, m2·s− |
The liquid-solid interphase force, N·m−3 | |
Gravitational acceleration, m·s−2 | |
Radial distribution function | |
The product term in turbulence model | |
Bed expansion height, m | |
Unit tensor | |
Turbulence kinetic energy, m2·s−2 | |
Diffusion coefficient, m2·s−1 | |
Interphase exchange coefficient, kg·m2·s−1 | |
Courant number | |
Pressure, Pa | |
Reynolds number | |
Source term in the turbulence model | |
Time, s | |
Velocity, m·s−1 | |
Dissipation terms in the turbulence model | |
Volume fraction | |
Density, kg·m−3 | |
Stress tensor, Pa | |
Viscosity, Pa·s | |
Voidage | |
Granular temperature, m2·s−2 | |
Solid bulk viscosity, Pa·s | |
Specific dissipation rate, s−1 | |
Thermal conductivity, W·m−1 K−1 | |
Efficiency of energy transfer from the liquid phase to the solid phase, % | |
The collisional dissipation energy, kg·m−1 s−3 |
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Parameters | Liquid-Phase Density (kg/m3) | Liquid-Phase Viscosity (kg/(m·s)) | Particle Density (kg/m3) | Particle Diameter (mm) | Superficial Liquid Velocity (cm/s) | CFD Degree of Expansion (%) | Experimental Degree of Expansion (%) | Evaluation of Deviation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1400–1500 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.56 | 15.03 | 17.00 | 1.97 |
2 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1400–1500 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.69 | 29.99 | 29.00 | 0.99 |
3 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1400–1500 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.83 | 45.16 | 42.00 | 3.16 |
4 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1400–1500 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.97 | 60.11 | 55.00 | 5.11 |
5 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1400–1500 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 1.11 | 75.06 | 70.00 | 5.06 |
6 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1700–1800 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | 1.67 | 11.02 | 9.00 | 2.02 |
7 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1700–1800 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | 1.81 | 13.05 | 11.00 | 2.05 |
8 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1700–1800 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | 2.08 | 16.95 | 15.00 | 1.95 |
9 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1700–1800 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | 2.22 | 19.99 | 18.00 | 1.99 |
10 | 998.20 | 0.001003 | 1700–1800 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | 2.36 | 24.04 | 22.00 | 2.04 |
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Peng, J.; Sun, W.; Han, H.; Xie, L. CFD Modeling and Simulation of the Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Coarse Coal Particles in a 3D Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed. Minerals 2021, 11, 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060569
Peng J, Sun W, Han H, Xie L. CFD Modeling and Simulation of the Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Coarse Coal Particles in a 3D Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed. Minerals. 2021; 11(6):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060569
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Jian, Wei Sun, Haisheng Han, and Le Xie. 2021. "CFD Modeling and Simulation of the Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Coarse Coal Particles in a 3D Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed" Minerals 11, no. 6: 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060569