X-ray Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Li-Rich Minerals in Veins from Argemela Tin Mine, Central Portugal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Methodology
3.1. Samples
3.2. Petrography
3.3. XRF Instrumentation
3.4. LIBS Instrumentation
4. Results
4.1. Petrography and Mineralogy
4.2. X-ray Fluorescence Quantitative Analysis
4.3. LIBS Qualitative Analysis
4.3.1. Hand Sample: Individual Spots
4.3.2. Hand Sample: Mapping
4.3.3. Thin Section Mapping
5. Interpretation and Discussion
5.1. Hand Sample Analysis
5.2. Thin Section Mapping
6. Main Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GeoMining (3 Phase Results) | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P | S | Cl | K2O | Ca | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | As | Se | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOD (ppm) on pure SiO2 matrix | 4900 | 1250 | N/A | 39 | 60 | 135 | 44 | 35 | 40 | 22 | 16 | 13 | 20 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Upper range (wt%) | 70 | 69 | 100 | 13.2 | 41 | 4 | 15.3 | 31 | 60 | 56 | 27 | 45.4 | 70 | 72.4 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 0.02 | 76 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 1.02 | 0.22 | 39 |
GeoMining (3 Phase Results) | Nb | Mo | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | Ba(K) | La(K) | Ce (K) | Hf | Ta | W | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Th | U |
LOD (ppm) on pure SiO2 matrix Upper range (wt%) | 1 70 | 10 67 | 14 0.03 | 13 0.08 | 10 0.66 | 10 0.78 | 13 0 | 69 88 | 26 19 | 7 0.02 | 62 10.7 | 161 0.7 | 128 4.8 | 9 1.05 | 43 82 | 33 80 | 11 0.16 | 1 0.1 | 1 86 | 15 0.02 | 6 93 | 4 90 | 4 0.68 | 9 0.17 |
Number of Measurements | Al2O3 (wt%) | Err (wt%) | SiO2 (wt%) | Err (wt%) | K2O (wt%) | Err (wt%) | Mn (wt%) | Err (wt%) | Fe (wt%) | Err (wt%) | Cu (wt%) | Err (wt%) | Rb (wt%) | Err (wt%) | Pb (wt%) | Err (wt%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurements during the sample analysis | 1 | 11.8 | 0.4 | 70.1 | 0.7 | 4.90 | 0.04 | 0.116 | 0.007 | 1.77 | 0.02 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.0149 | 0.0009 | 0.087 | 0.004 |
2 | 11.6 | 0.4 | 69.0 | 0.7 | 4.83 | 0.04 | 0.119 | 0.007 | 1.80 | 0.02 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.0142 | 0.0009 | 0.093 | 0.004 | |
3 | 11.0 | 0.4 | 66.5 | 0.7 | 4.77 | 0.04 | 0.116 | 0.007 | 1.81 | 0.02 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.0147 | 0.0009 | 0.100 | 0.005 | |
4 | 11.4 | 0.4 | 66.8 | 0.7 | 4.71 | 0.04 | 0.118 | 0.007 | 1.79 | 0.02 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.0143 | 0.0009 | 0.095 | 0.005 | |
5 | 11.8 | 0.4 | 68.9 | 0.7 | 4.83 | 0.04 | 0.118 | 0.007 | 1.80 | 0.02 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.0142 | 0.0009 | 0.090 | 0.004 | |
6 | 11.4 | 0.4 | 67.0 | 0.7 | 4.75 | 0.04 | 0.113 | 0.007 | 1.76 | 0.02 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.0145 | 0.0009 | 0.098 | 0.005 | |
7 | 11.6 | 0.4 | 68.2 | 0.7 | 4.80 | 0.04 | 0.108 | 0.006 | 1.75 | 0.02 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.0144 | 0.0009 | 0.089 | 0.004 | |
QC reference | Target Mean | 11.82 | 68.79 | 4.78 | 0.110 | 1.75 | 0.0218 | 0.0142 | 0.0886 | ||||||||
S. Deviation | 0.19 | 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.0006 | 0.0004 | 0.0026 | |||||||||
Limit MIN | 10.89 | 63.82 | 4.36 | 0.095 | 1.70 | 0.0189 | 0.0122 | 0.0758 | |||||||||
Limit MAX | 12.74 | 73.77 | 5.19 | 0.126 | 1.80 | 0.0247 | 0.0162 | 0.1013 |
Quartz | Chemical Formula | Si | O | ||||
SiO2 | 46.74% | 53.26% | |||||
Turquoise | Chemical Formula | Al | Cu | P | H | O | |
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 4(H2O) | 19.90% | 7.81% | 15.23% | 1.98% | 55.07% | ||
Ambligonite–Montebrasite | Chemical Formula | Li | Al | P | H | O | F |
LiAl(PO4)(OH,F) | 4.74% | 18.43% | 21.16% | 0.52% | 51.91% | 3.24% |
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Ribeiro, R.; Capela, D.; Ferreira, M.; Martins, R.; Jorge, P.; Guimarães, D.; Lima, A. X-ray Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Li-Rich Minerals in Veins from Argemela Tin Mine, Central Portugal. Minerals 2021, 11, 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111169
Ribeiro R, Capela D, Ferreira M, Martins R, Jorge P, Guimarães D, Lima A. X-ray Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Li-Rich Minerals in Veins from Argemela Tin Mine, Central Portugal. Minerals. 2021; 11(11):1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111169
Chicago/Turabian StyleRibeiro, Ricardo, Diana Capela, Miguel Ferreira, Rui Martins, Pedro Jorge, Diana Guimarães, and Alexandre Lima. 2021. "X-ray Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Li-Rich Minerals in Veins from Argemela Tin Mine, Central Portugal" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111169