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Article

Vitreous Tesserae from the Four Seasons Mosaic of the S. Aloe Quarter in Vibo Valentia–Calabria, Italy: A Chemical Characterization

by
Elia Fiorenza
1,
Natalia Rovella
1,
Maria D’Andrea
2,
Marianna Musella
3,
Fabrizio Sudano
2,
Armando Taliano Grasso
4 and
Donatella Barca
1,*
1
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST)–Ponte P, Bucci-University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy
2
Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Città Metropolitana di Reggio Calabria e la Provincia di Vibo Valentia, 89125 Reggio, Italy
3
Laboratorio di Restauro, Museo Civico Archeologico “Biagio Greco”, 81034 Mondragone, Italy
4
Laboratorio di Topografia Antica e Antichità Calabresi-ponte P, Bucci Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2020, 10(8), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080658
Submission received: 13 June 2020 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 / Published: 25 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Pigments in the Historical and Archaeological Context: from Invasive to Non-invasive Analyses)
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Abstract

This work reports the results of the archaeometrical investigation performed on twenty glass tesserae collected in 2018, during the restoration of the Four Seasons mosaic, which dates between the second and the third century AD, in the archaeological area of the S. Aloe quarter in Vibo Valentia (Calabria, Italy). The coloured glass tesserae were analysed through a micro-analytical approach using an Electron Probe Micro Analyser with Wavelength-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EPMA-WDS) and Laser Ablation with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The aims of the study were (1) the determination of the chemical composition and the technology of glass mosaic tesserae production; (2) the individuation of colouring and opacifying agents used for the production of the glass tesserae. The glasses show the typical soda–lime–silica composition. EPMA-WDS results prove the use of Sn–Pb antimonates to create yellow glass, and of cuprite to obtain the red colour. Copper and cobalt were employed in both green and blue glasses to produce different shades of colour (grey, tints of green, dark and light blue).
Keywords: Vibo Valentia; mosaic; glass tesserae; EPMA-WDS; LA-ICP-MS Vibo Valentia; mosaic; glass tesserae; EPMA-WDS; LA-ICP-MS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fiorenza, E.; Rovella, N.; D’Andrea, M.; Musella, M.; Sudano, F.; Taliano Grasso, A.; Barca, D. Vitreous Tesserae from the Four Seasons Mosaic of the S. Aloe Quarter in Vibo Valentia–Calabria, Italy: A Chemical Characterization. Minerals 2020, 10, 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080658

AMA Style

Fiorenza E, Rovella N, D’Andrea M, Musella M, Sudano F, Taliano Grasso A, Barca D. Vitreous Tesserae from the Four Seasons Mosaic of the S. Aloe Quarter in Vibo Valentia–Calabria, Italy: A Chemical Characterization. Minerals. 2020; 10(8):658. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080658

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiorenza, Elia, Natalia Rovella, Maria D’Andrea, Marianna Musella, Fabrizio Sudano, Armando Taliano Grasso, and Donatella Barca. 2020. "Vitreous Tesserae from the Four Seasons Mosaic of the S. Aloe Quarter in Vibo Valentia–Calabria, Italy: A Chemical Characterization" Minerals 10, no. 8: 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080658

APA Style

Fiorenza, E., Rovella, N., D’Andrea, M., Musella, M., Sudano, F., Taliano Grasso, A., & Barca, D. (2020). Vitreous Tesserae from the Four Seasons Mosaic of the S. Aloe Quarter in Vibo Valentia–Calabria, Italy: A Chemical Characterization. Minerals, 10(8), 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080658

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