Influence of Landscape Pattern Changes on Runoff and Sediment in the Dali River Watershed on the Loess Plateau of China
1
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
2
Department of Sediment Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), State key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2019, 8(12), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/land8120180
Received: 6 November 2019
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Revised: 20 November 2019
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Accepted: 23 November 2019
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Published: 24 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Erosion Processes and Rates in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems)
The large-scale Grain for Green project on the Loess Plateau of China significantly changes the regional landscape pattern, which has a profound impact on runoff and sediment process. The relationship between landscape pattern and runoff and sediment in the Dali River watershed is established. Cropland and grassland areas in the watershed show a downward trend, whereas the woodland and building land increases continuously. The Number of Patches (NP), Patch Density (PD) and Landscape Diversity (SHDI), Landscape Division Index (DIVISION) increase significantly. The Largest Patch Index (LPI) and Landscape Shape Index (LSI) show overall change in the rising and falling rule. The Contagion Index (CONTAG) and Cohesion Index (COHESION) first increase, then decrease. A decreasing trend is shown by runoff and sediment. The annual runoff in 2010 was 29.76% less than in 1960, and the annual sediment load was 84.87% less. NP, PD, COHESION, DIVISION and SHDI have a significant negative correlation with runoff and sediment, and CONTAG and runoff sediment are positively related. This study could provide theoretical support for guiding watershed land use and landscape planning to effectively reduce runoff and sediment transport.
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Keywords:
land-use change; landscape pattern indicator; Loess Plateau; runoff; sediment
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zhang, Y.; Bi, Z.; Zhang, X.; Yu, Y. Influence of Landscape Pattern Changes on Runoff and Sediment in the Dali River Watershed on the Loess Plateau of China. Land 2019, 8, 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8120180
AMA Style
Zhang Y, Bi Z, Zhang X, Yu Y. Influence of Landscape Pattern Changes on Runoff and Sediment in the Dali River Watershed on the Loess Plateau of China. Land. 2019; 8(12):180. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8120180
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yan, Zhilei Bi, Xin Zhang, and Yang Yu. 2019. "Influence of Landscape Pattern Changes on Runoff and Sediment in the Dali River Watershed on the Loess Plateau of China" Land 8, no. 12: 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8120180
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