Assessing Nature-Based Recreation to Support Urban Green Infrastructure Planning in Trento (Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Introducing the Case Study
2.2. Adapting the ESTIMAP-Recreation Model to the Local Context
- The first section assesses the Recreation Potential (RP), i.e., the capacity of green infrastructure to support nature-based recreational activities based on their intrinsic characteristics, independently from their actual or potential use. The components included in the original version are water, natural protected areas, and degree of naturalness. The RP is described by a raster map with relative values ranging from 0 (no recreation potential) to 1 (maximum recreation potential in the analyzed area).
- The second section assesses the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) by combining the RP with information about proximity (i.e., in the original version, distance from roads and urban areas), thus providing an assessment of the opportunities for recreational activities offered to the citizens. The ROS is described by a raster map classified into nine categories resulting from the cross-tabulation of high/medium/low values of RP and high/medium/low values of proximity.
- The third section includes an assessment of the use or demand for recreation obtained from an analysis of the spatial distribution of potential users and corresponding levels of accessibility.
2.3. Assessing Nature-Based Recreation in Trento
3. Results
3.1. Recreation Potential (RP) and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) in the City of Trento
3.2. A Comparison of Indicators for Urban Planning
4. Discussion
4.1. Nature-Based Recreation from an Ecosystem Service Perspective
4.2. How the Assessment of Nature-Based Recreation Can Support Urban Planning
4.3. Limitations of the Study
4.4. Remarks from the Application Process in the Case Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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District | District Area [ha] | Urban Parks [m2] | Areas in the Highest Class of ROS [m2] | Population | Per-Capita Area of Urban Parks [m2/person] | Per-Capita Area in the Highest Class of ROS [m2/person] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baselga | 246.67 | 11,017 | 103,602 | 491 | 22.4 | 211.0 |
Cadine | 727.47 | 5554 | 971,173 | 1549 | 3.6 | 627.0 |
Cognola | 862.44 | 78,869 | 2,022,433 | 10,748 | 7.3 | 188.2 |
Gardolo | 881.80 | 141,625 | 451,480 | 14,714 | 9.6 | 30.7 |
Mattarello | 1640.96 | 35,083 | 920,576 | 6156 | 5.7 | 149.5 |
Meano | 1571.93 | 13,703 | 1,477,611 | 5070 | 2.7 | 291.4 |
Montevaccino | 154.10 | 1720 | 291,564 | 499 | 3.4 | 584.3 |
Povo | 1542.57 | 38,335 | 2,997,208 | 5764 | 6.7 | 520.0 |
Ravina | 1138.51 | 10,456 | 643,260 | 3366 | 3.1 | 191.1 |
Romagnano | 530.27 | 1756 | 124,082 | 1653 | 1.1 | 75.1 |
Sardagna | 866.33 | 15,016 | 2,014,200 | 1092 | 13.8 | 1844.5 |
Sopramonte | 2414.17 | 45,333 | 4,002,694 | 2891 | 15.7 | 1384.5 |
Trento | 1863.53 | 471,375 | 1,552,321 | 56,362 | 8.4 | 27.5 |
Vigolo | 306.64 | 986 | 196,252 | 334 | 3.0 | 587.6 |
Villamontagna | 302.68 | 2111 | 1,558,512 | 1263 | 1.7 | 1234.0 |
Villazzano | 734.28 | 63,251 | 1,622,761 | 5042 | 12.5 | 321.8 |
Total (city) | 15,784.34 | 936,191 | 20,949,729 | 116,994 | 8.0 | 179.1 |
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Cortinovis, C.; Zulian, G.; Geneletti, D. Assessing Nature-Based Recreation to Support Urban Green Infrastructure Planning in Trento (Italy). Land 2018, 7, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040112
Cortinovis C, Zulian G, Geneletti D. Assessing Nature-Based Recreation to Support Urban Green Infrastructure Planning in Trento (Italy). Land. 2018; 7(4):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040112
Chicago/Turabian StyleCortinovis, Chiara, Grazia Zulian, and Davide Geneletti. 2018. "Assessing Nature-Based Recreation to Support Urban Green Infrastructure Planning in Trento (Italy)" Land 7, no. 4: 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040112
APA StyleCortinovis, C., Zulian, G., & Geneletti, D. (2018). Assessing Nature-Based Recreation to Support Urban Green Infrastructure Planning in Trento (Italy). Land, 7(4), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040112