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Volume 14
Issue 5
10.3390/land14050971
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Multi-Scale Time Series InSAR Integrated with ICA for Deciphering the Coupling Mechanism Between Groundwater Dynamics and Surface Deformation

by
Zihan Yu
1,2,3,4,
Qin Wang
1,2,3,4,
Huili Gong
1,2,3,4,*,
Chaofan Zhou
1,2,3,4,
Beibei Chen
1,2,3,4 and
Yongkang Wang
1,2,3,4
1
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Land Subsidence Mechanism and Prevention, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2
College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
3
Observation and Research Station of Groundwater and Land Subsidence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain, Beiling 100048, China
4
Beiling Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2025, 14(5), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050971 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 March 2025 / Revised: 23 April 2025 / Accepted: 28 April 2025 / Published: 30 April 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Land subsidence has become an increasingly serious environmental problem worldwide, especially in areas where groundwater is over-exploited. Hengshui City, as part of the North China Plain in eastern China, has been experiencing increasingly severe land subsidence due to long-term groundwater over-exploitation, which has seriously affected local infrastructure and the sustainable utilization of water resources. In order to explore the relationship between hydraulic head changes and subsidence, this study systematically analyzed the ground subsidence characteristics and its driving mechanism in the Hengshui area from January 2018 to July 2022 using the time series InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) technique combined with independent component analysis (ICA). The subsidence signals were decomposed into seasonal, trend, and stochastic features by independent component analysis, revealing the multi-scale time lag effect of hydraulic head fluctuations on subsidence. The results show that the magnitude of land subsidence is increasing under the condition of a continuously decreasing water level, reflecting the groundwater compaction problem triggered by the over-exploitation of groundwater. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for groundwater management and subsidence prevention and control in Hengshui and similar regions.
Keywords: land subsidence; groundwater; time lag effect; deformation characteristics land subsidence; groundwater; time lag effect; deformation characteristics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yu, Z.; Wang, Q.; Gong, H.; Zhou, C.; Chen, B.; Wang, Y. Multi-Scale Time Series InSAR Integrated with ICA for Deciphering the Coupling Mechanism Between Groundwater Dynamics and Surface Deformation. Land 2025, 14, 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050971

AMA Style

Yu Z, Wang Q, Gong H, Zhou C, Chen B, Wang Y. Multi-Scale Time Series InSAR Integrated with ICA for Deciphering the Coupling Mechanism Between Groundwater Dynamics and Surface Deformation. Land. 2025; 14(5):971. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050971

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu, Zihan, Qin Wang, Huili Gong, Chaofan Zhou, Beibei Chen, and Yongkang Wang. 2025. "Multi-Scale Time Series InSAR Integrated with ICA for Deciphering the Coupling Mechanism Between Groundwater Dynamics and Surface Deformation" Land 14, no. 5: 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050971

APA Style

Yu, Z., Wang, Q., Gong, H., Zhou, C., Chen, B., & Wang, Y. (2025). Multi-Scale Time Series InSAR Integrated with ICA for Deciphering the Coupling Mechanism Between Groundwater Dynamics and Surface Deformation. Land, 14(5), 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050971

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