A Contribution to the Integration of International, National and Local Cultural Heritage Protection in Planning Methodology: A Case Study of the Djerdap Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Theoretical Background
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Interrelating of the Principles, Theoretical Concepts and Practical Tools
2.2. Case Study of SPSP Djerdap
- Djerdap National Park (covering around 64,000 hectares) was established in 1974. It includes the spatial unit of Djerdap Gorge and the natural area along the gorge, with exceptional cultural-historical values, significant natural ecosystems of exceptional rarity and value, original flora and fauna specimens, and well-preserved forests of natural composition and exceptional appearance.
- Djerdap Geopark (covering approximately 133,000 hectares) was the first area from Serbia inscribed on the UNESCO World Geoparks List (Global Geoparks Network) in 2020. While not a protected area, the Geopark represents a specific concentration of geosites; a number of geological heritage sites are arranged, mostly within other protected areas, in the form of geological trails and individual structural profiles;
- The Roman Empire border is the Danube Limes area, included in the preliminary list of the Republic of Serbia for inclusion in the international serial nomination, the Roman Empire border (from the Black Forest area (Schwarzwald) to the Black Sea).
3. Findings: Contribution of the Applied Planning Methodology to Integrating Multilevel Principles and Actors into Plan Formation
3.1. Relevant Documents in Serbia for the Treatment of the Cultural Heritage at the Level of the Spatial Entites and Its Treatment in the Planning Documents
3.2. Legally Binding Elements in Planning: Content and Procedure
3.3. The Case Study of the SPSP Djerdap: Introducing of the Non-Binding Planning Concepts, Elements and Tools within the Planning Methodology
- Protecting wider spatial entites containing cultural assets and in doing so overcoming solely administrative boundaries;
- Making heritage visible and available to the wider community;
- Defining cultural areas and cultural routes at the international, national and local levels along with the management plans for their sustainable use and development;
- Further elaboration of nomination dossiers for WHC.
- Preparation and regular adoption of management plans for protected areas, in the manner and with the content determined by law and declaration acts;
- Tourism-development programs;
- Connection between geological and other territorial heritage, i.e., natural biotic, cultural and intangible properties.
- Building capacities to participate in future partnership strategies at national and international levels;
- Education strategy in partnership with other global geoparks;
- Activities to facilitate the mitigation of natural hazards and climate change in schools and local communities, etc.
4. Discussion
- Recognition of responsibilities at different decision-making levels and their inclusion in the plan’s implementation measures;
- Recognition of cultural heritage that is not institutionally protected but represents an important spatial resource and must be treated integrally with other spatial resources with the obligation of synergistic action with compatible sectors (nature protection, tourism, urbanization) and avoiding conflicts (industry, mining, etc.);
- Linking spatial scopes from different documents governing the said area, which give recommendations that are directed towards administrative units but which are not based on administrative divisions in a spatial sense.
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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The Key Principles of Improved Planning Methodology | Connected Theoretical Concepts | Connected Practical Concepts and Tools |
---|---|---|
Territorial approach | Multilevel governance:
| Specific and context sensitive policy integration Citizen engagement |
Integrated approach | Holistic strategies and coordinated actions of all participants | |
Digitalization | Shared databases; mapping Visualisation |
Status | Documents/Links | Management Institutions | Goals/Expected Effects | |
---|---|---|---|---|
International level | UNESCO Global Geopark (2020) [35,36] |
|
| Holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development. |
World Heritage Centre, tentative list (2020) [37,38,39,40,41,42] |
|
| The process of increasing the public awareness; protection and care, research and presentation; development possibilities; planning guidelines. | |
National level | National Park (1974) [43,44] |
|
| Preservation, protection, and enhancement of cultural-historical heritage and geological heritage objects of Djerdap National Park. |
Immovable cultural properties—registered and categorized [45,46,47] |
|
| Protection and preserving of CH through: covering, collecting, researching, documenting, studying, evaluating, presenting, interpreting, using and managing cultural heritage. | |
Local level | Immovable cultural properties—identified, recorded and other (identified through field work and alternative sources) |
|
| Protection of all valuable elements of the physical environment regardless of their institutional protection status; valorization of the context through additional research in the field; communication and collaboration between stakeholders, especially planners, conservationists and communities. |
The Document Title | Adopted by UNESCO/COE | Ratified by RS |
---|---|---|
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage | 1972 | 1974 |
Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe-Granada | 1985 | 1991 |
European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage | 1992 | 2007 |
Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society | 2005 | 2010 |
European Landscape Convention | 2000 | 2011 |
Legally Binding | |
---|---|
Content | (1) Determing the boundaries according to the principle of administrative territorial division; (2) Textual part (SWOT analysis; Goals and principles of spatial development; Development concepts by sectors/disciplines); (3) Graphic part/maps (Special purpose of space; Settlements’ network and infrastrucutre system; Natural resources, protection of life environment, nature and cultural assets; Implementation) |
Procedure | (1) The Decision on the plan elaboration; (2) Early public consultations; (3) Acquiring conditions and data; (4) Preparing the draft plan; (5) Professional control: check of the compatibilty with law, the documents in force, feasibility; (6) Public consultations of the draft plan; (7) The commision conclusion; (8) Delivering the plan; (9) Publishing and archiving the plan. |
Territorial approach | Horizontal integration of the areas of SPSP 2013, Geopark and National Park Djerdap; Merging admistrative boundaries in recognizing spatial entities that contains cultural and natural heritage. |
Integrated approach | Identification of all registered and non-registered cultural heritage elements; Vertical integration of all levels of governance from supranational, national and local levels; Horizontal integration of all sectors and disciplines involved and conflict mitigation; Multiactor involvment of local communities and associations in the decision making process. |
Digitalization | Producing the tables of integrated elements of cultural heritage and shared database in GIS; Maps of spatial distribution of cultural heritage ovelapped with other sectors of spatial protection (nature, tourism and other resources of sustainalable development). |
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Niković, A.; Manić, B.; Čolić Marković, N.; Krunić, N. A Contribution to the Integration of International, National and Local Cultural Heritage Protection in Planning Methodology: A Case Study of the Djerdap Area. Land 2024, 13, 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13071026
Niković A, Manić B, Čolić Marković N, Krunić N. A Contribution to the Integration of International, National and Local Cultural Heritage Protection in Planning Methodology: A Case Study of the Djerdap Area. Land. 2024; 13(7):1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13071026
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiković, Ana, Božidar Manić, Nataša Čolić Marković, and Nikola Krunić. 2024. "A Contribution to the Integration of International, National and Local Cultural Heritage Protection in Planning Methodology: A Case Study of the Djerdap Area" Land 13, no. 7: 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13071026
APA StyleNiković, A., Manić, B., Čolić Marković, N., & Krunić, N. (2024). A Contribution to the Integration of International, National and Local Cultural Heritage Protection in Planning Methodology: A Case Study of the Djerdap Area. Land, 13(7), 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13071026