When Local Governments Plan to Give Their Past a Future: A State-Wide Analysis of Heritage Strategy Documents in New South Wales (Australia)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Heritage Strategies
The Wider Australian Context
2.2. New South Wales Legal and Administrative Context
3. Methodology
3.1. Sampling Frames and Dataset
- ‘Heritage Strategy’ + site: LGA.nsw.gov.au;
- ‘Heritage Policy’ + site: LGA.nsw.gov.au;
- ‘Heritage’ + ‘Action Plan’ + site: LGA.nsw.gov.au;
- ‘Heritage’ + ‘Implementation Plan’ + site: LGA.nsw.gov.au.
3.2. Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Council Engagement with Heritage Strategies
4.1.1. Local Strategic Planning Statements
4.1.2. Dedicated Heritage Strategies
4.2. Components of the Heritage Strategies
4.3. High Level Analysis
4.4. Fine-Grained Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. Local Strategic Planning Statements
5.2. Heritage Strategies
6. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Local Government Areas in NSW (Data [156,157])
LGA | Classification | Area km2 | Population | Rates (k$) | FTE |
Albury CC | Regional City | 306 | 56,666 | 34,823 | 588 |
Armidale-Dumaresq C | Regional City | 7809 | 29,360 | 11,874 | 277 |
Ballina SC | Regional City | 485 | 46,850 | 20,425 | 342 |
Balranald SC | Rural | 21,691 | 2210 | 433 | 45 |
Bathurst RC | Regional City | 3818 | 44,112 | 21,085 | 384 |
Bayside C | Metropolitan | 51 | 177,945 | 77,763 | 648 |
Bega Valley SC | Regional City | 6279 | 35,988 | 22,068 | 348 |
Bellingen SC | Large Rural | 1600 | 13,262 | 7355 | 138 |
Berrigan SC | Large Rural | 2066 | 8653 | 3041 | 90 |
Blacktown CC | Metropolitan | 239 | 410,897 | 144,073 | 1413 |
Bland SC | Large Rural | 8558 | 5494 | 3135 | 114 |
Blayney SC | Large Rural | 1525 | 7591 | 3862 | 90 |
Blue Mountains CC | Metropolitan Fringe | 1431 | 77,913 | 66,979 | 602 |
Bogan SC | Rural | 14,600 | 2454 | 355 | 93 |
Bourke SC | Rural | 41,598 | 2348 | 455 | 94 |
Brewarrina SC | Rural | 19,162 | 1431 | 104 | 67 |
Broken Hill CC | Regional City | 170 | 17,569 | 10,406 | 143 |
Burwood C | Metropolitan | 7 | 40,832 | 21,770 | 175 |
Byron SC | Regional City | 566 | 36,510 | 20,440 | 394 |
Cabonne C | Large Rural | 6022 | 13,844 | 3388 | 167 |
Camden C | Metropolitan Fringe | 202 | 127,806 | 59,444 | 525 |
Campbelltown CC | Metropolitan Fringe | 311 | 180,365 | 79,985 | 742 |
Canada Bay, Co | Metropolitan | 20 | 89,210 | 37,196 | 357 |
Canterbury Bankstown, Co | Metropolitan | 110 | 372,066 | 139,926 | 1303 |
Carrathool SC | Rural | 18,934 | 2829 | 379 | 94 |
Central Coast C | Metropolitan Fringe | 1681 | 349,173 | 176,029 | 1712 |
Central Darling SC | Rural | 53,492 | 1749 | 352 | 42 |
Cessnock CC | Regional City | 1965 | 65,878 | 34,803 | 408 |
Clarence Valley C | Regional City | 10,429 | 54,662 | 29,697 | 474 |
Cobar SC | Large Rural | 45,575 | 4046 | 3845 | 137 |
Coffs Harbour CC | Regional City | 1174 | 79,725 | 41,626 | 546 |
Coolamon SC | Rural | 2431 | 4465 | 761 | 81 |
Coonamble SC | Rural | 9916 | 3825 | 759 | 82 |
Cootamundra-Gundagai RC | Large Rural | 3981 | 11,404 | 4404 | 135 |
Cowra C | Large Rural | 2809 | 12,705 | 2768 | 185 |
Cumberland CC | Metropolitan | 73 | 237,420 | 71,715 | 835 |
Dubbo RC | Regional City | 7535 | 55,894 | 23,367 | 496 |
Dungog SC | Large Rural | 2250 | 9722 | 5509 | 74 |
Edward River C | Large Rural | 8883 | 8457 | 3877 | 105 |
Eurobodalla SC | Regional City | 3428 | 40,755 | 27,827 | 524 |
Fairfield CC | Metropolitan | 102 | 206,807 | 53,542 | 716 |
Federation C | Large Rural | 5685 | 12,854 | 4549 | 161 |
Forbes SC | Large Rural | 4710 | 9339 | 3076 | 170 |
Georges River C | Metropolitan | 38 | 153,232 | 67,388 | 548 |
Gilgandra SC | Rural | 4832 | 4299 | 1011 | 219 |
Glen Innes n/an C | Large Rural | 5480 | 8945 | n/a | n/a |
Goulburn Mulwaree C | Regional City | 3220 | 32,428 | 15,598 | 332 |
Greater Hume SC | Large Rural | 5749 | 11,267 | 3518 | 139 |
Griffith CC | Regional City | 1639 | 27,014 | 9764 | 291 |
Gunnedah SC | Large Rural | 4987 | 13,144 | 4764 | 198 |
Gwydir SC | Large Rural | 9260 | 4924 | 1353 | 176 |
Hawkesbury CC | Metropolitan Fringe | 2775 | 67,862 | 38,171 | 316 |
Hay SC | Rural | 11,326 | 2834 | 820 | 53 |
Hills SC | Metropolitan Fringe | 7141 | 19,239 | 5380 | 222 |
Hilltops C | Large Rural | 455 | 151,747 | 66,605 | 483 |
Hornsby SC | Metropolitan Fringe | 6 | 13,924 | 10,602 | 55 |
Hunter’s Hill C | Metropolitan | 35 | 183,105 | 91,539 | 1019 |
Inner West C | Metropolitan | 9405 | 17,966 | 7112 | 194 |
Inverell SC | Large Rural | 2030 | 6465 | 1941 | 62 |
Junee SC | Large Rural | 3376 | 31,180 | 16,824 | 347 |
Kempsey SC | Regional City | 258 | 22,964 | 17,430 | 352 |
Kiama MC | Regional City | 85 | 124,172 | 67,192 | 410 |
Ku-ring-gai C | Metropolitan | 3584 | 9453 | 3777 | 146 |
Kyogle C | Large Rural | 14,968 | 6139 | 1393 | 126 |
Lachlan SC | Large Rural | 649 | 216,603 | 130,582 | 1123 |
Lake Macquarie CC | Regional City | 10 | 40,076 | 22,505 | 184 |
Lane Cove C | Metropolitan | 1167 | 11,454 | 4214 | 144 |
Leeton SC | Large Rural | 1288 | 44,276 | 21,897 | 555 |
Lismore CC | Regional City | 4512 | 20,813 | 8401 | 169 |
Lithgow CC | Regional City | 306 | 239,755 | 92,478 | 769 |
Liverpool CC | Metropolitan | 5082 | 7660 | 2527 | 117 |
Liverpool Plains SC | Large Rural | 2896 | 3370 | 417 | 54 |
Lockhart SC | Rural | 392 | 93,616 | 61,147 | 502 |
Maitland CC | Regional City | 10,054 | 97,237 | 67,338 | 893 |
Mid-Western RC | Regional City | 8752 | 25,795 | 11,767 | 344 |
MidCoast C | Regional City | 17,903 | 12,869 | 4991 | 224 |
Moree Plains SC | Large Rural | 9 | 28,123 | 19,945 | 148 |
Mosman MC | Metropolitan | 11,863 | 13,016 | 5355 | 195 |
Murray River C | Large Rural | 6881 | 3566 | 434 | 92 |
Murrumbidgee C | Rural | 3405 | 16,540 | 5271 | 163 |
Muswellbrook SC | Large Rural | 1491 | 20,610 | 9745 | 133 |
Nambucca Valley C | Large Rural | 13,015 | 12,721 | 4898 | 162 |
Narrabri SC | Large Rural | 4116 | 5721 | 1712 | 109 |
Narrandera SC | Large Rural | 5262 | 6430 | 1787 | 80 |
Narromine SC | Large Rural | 187 | 171,528 | 110,952 | 1053 |
Newcastle, Co | Regional City | 10 | 69,341 | 36,177 | 342 |
North Sydney C | Metropolitan | 254 | 263,298 | 149,905 | 1212 |
Northern Beaches C | Metropolitan | 3625 | 5597 | 2433 | 77 |
Oberon C | Large Rural | 284 | 43,963 | 27,388 | 440 |
Orange CC | Regional City | 5958 | 14,347 | 6414 | 209 |
Parkes SC | Large Rural | 84 | 260,379 | 101,768 | 1086 |
Parramatta, Co | Metropolitan | 405 | 220,908 | 111,092 | 1207 |
Penrith CC | Metropolitan Fringe | 3682 | 88,311 | 45,080 | 588 |
Port Macquarie-Hastings C | Regional City | 858 | 76,672 | 37,639 | 510 |
Port Stephens C | Regional City | 5319 | 64,233 | 33,177 | 402 |
Queanbeyan-Palerang RC | Regional City | 36 | 135,686 | 76,627 | 553 |
Randwick CC | Metropolitan | 3047 | 23,702 | 10,085 | 282 |
Richmond Valley C | Regional City | 40 | 131,122 | 59,437 | 469 |
Ryde, Co | Metropolitan | 147 | 78,332 | 48,322 | 390 |
Shellharbour CC | Regional City | 4567 | 109,611 | 78,273 | 1096 |
Shoalhaven CC | Regional City | 4893 | 25,093 | 11,229 | 230 |
Singleton C | Regional City | 15,165 | 21,823 | 10,368 | 332 |
Snowy Monaro RC | Regional City | 8959 | 14,936 | 4707 | 223 |
Snowy Valleys C | Large Rural | 14 | 46,230 | 14,030 | 228 |
Strathfield C | Metropolitan | 334 | 231,839 | 124,706 | 1155 |
Sutherland SC | Metropolitan | 27 | 218,096 | 84,119 | 1743 |
Sydney, Co | Metropolitan | 9884 | 64,522 | 27,488 | 558 |
Tamworth RC | Regional City | 2802 | 5996 | 1706 | 133 |
Temora SC | Large Rural | 7324 | 6879 | 2145 | 106 |
Tenterfield SC | Large Rural | 386 | 199,244 | 76,526 | 571 |
Tweed SC | Regional City | 1308 | 97,969 | 60,511 | 707 |
Upper Hunter SC | Large Rural | 8096 | 14,293 | 4802 | 247 |
Upper Lachlan SC | Large Rural | 7127 | 8551 | 2036 | 141 |
Uralla SC | Large Rural | 3227 | 5985 | 1694 | 126 |
Wagga Wagga CC | Regional City | 4824 | 68,337 | 30,093 | 515 |
Walcha C | Rural | 6261 | 3010 | 496 | 74 |
Walgett SC | Large Rural | 22,308 | 5516 | 1444 | 115 |
Warren SC | Rural | 10,754 | 2578 | 672 | 79 |
Warrumbungle SC | Large Rural | 12,372 | 9246 | 2458 | 167 |
Waverley C | Metropolitan | 9 | 69,324 | 35,179 | 609 |
Weddin SC | Rural | 3415 | 3614 | 1028 | 76 |
Wentworth SC | Large Rural | 26,256 | 7597 | 2291 | 119 |
Willoughby CC | Metropolitan | 22 | 75,473 | 31,444 | 396 |
Wingecarribee SC | Regional City | 2689 | 52,795 | 43,655 | 370 |
Wollondilly SC | Metropolitan Fringe | 2555 | 55,801 | 39,106 | 303 |
Wollongong CC | Regional City | 684 | 216,431 | 131,014 | 1498 |
Woollahra MC | Metropolitan | 12 | 53,505 | 37,427 | 387 |
Yass Valley C | Large Rural | 3995 | 17,379 | 7088 | 118 |
Appendix B. Local Government Areas in NSW and Their Heritage Strategies
LGA | LSPS | Heritage Policy | Heritage Strategy | Heritage Action Plan | References | |
Ind. | Eur. | |||||
Albury CC | PrS | PrS | — | [2004] | — | [158,159] |
Armidale-Dumaresq C | yes | yes | — | 2013–2014 (n. l.) 2008–2011 (n. l.) | — | [160] |
Ballina SC | yes | PrS | part of DCP | 2006–2008 (n. l.) | — | [161,162] |
Balranald SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [163] |
Bathurst RC | PrS | PrS | — | 2021–2025 2017–2020 2014–2017 2012–2014 2009–2011 2006–2008 | various | [117,164,165,166,167,168,169,170] |
Bayside C | yes | yes | — | draft (n. l.) | 2020 | [171,172] |
Bega Valley SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2006–2008 | [173,174] | |
Bellingen SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2017–2020 2014–2017 2011–2014 2006–2008 | — | [175,176,177,178,179] |
Berrigan SC | — | yes | — | — | — | [180] |
Blacktown CC | yes | yes | — | 2005–2006 (n. l.) | — | [181] |
Bland SC | yes | yes | — | 2014–2017 | — | [88,182] |
Blayney SC | — | yes | — | — | — | [183] |
Blue Mountains CC | PrS | PrS | — | 2021–2025 2014–2017 2008–2011 (n. l.) 2006–2008 (n. l.) | — | [114,184,185] |
Bogan SC | yes | — | — | — | [186] | |
Bourke SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2019–2021 2017–2019 | — | [187,188,189] |
Brewarrina SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2017–2019 (n. l.) 2014–2017 2011–2014 (n. l.) | — | [190,191] |
Broken Hill CC | yes | yes | — | 2020–2023 2017–2020 | [89,90,192] | |
Burwood C | — | yes | — | — | — | [193] |
Byron SC | yes | yes | 2020–2024 2016–2019 2014–2017 | [91,194,195] | ||
Cabonne C | yes | yes | — | 2005–2008 | [196,197] | |
Camden C | — | PrS | — | — | — | [198] |
Campbelltown CC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [199] |
Canada Bay, Co | — | PrS | — | — | — | [200] |
Canterbury Bankstown, Co | PrS | PrS | — | — | — | [201] |
Carrathool SC | — | PrS | — | — | — | [202] |
Central Coast C | yes | yes | — | 2012–2014 (Wyong) | — | [203,204] |
Central Darling SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2008 (n. l.) 2014–2017 (n. l.) | — | [205] |
Cessnock CC | PrS | yes | — | — | — | [206] |
Clarence Valley C | PrS | PrS | — | 2011–2014 | — | [92,207] |
Cobar SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [208] |
Coffs Harbour CC | PrS | PrS | — | 2021–2024 2017–2020 | — | [93,209,210] |
Coolamon SC | — | PrS | — | 2021–2024 (n. l.) 2018–2021 2011–2014 | — | [94,211,212] |
Coonamble SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [213] |
Cootamundra-Gundagai RC | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [214] |
Cowra C | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [215] |
Cumberland CC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [135] |
Dubbo RC | yes | PrS | — | 2009–2011 | [216,217] | |
Dungog SC | yes | PrS | — | n. l. | — | [218] |
Edward River C | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [219] |
Eurobodalla SC | yes | PrS | — | 2024–2028 2017–2021 2014–2017 2011–2014 (n. l.) 2009–2011 | — | [95,118,220,221,222] |
Fairfield CC | yes | PrS | — | 2018–2021 | — | [96,223] |
Federation C | — | PrS | — | 2020–2023 (n. l.) | — | [224] |
Forbes SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [225] |
Georges River C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [226] |
Gilgandra SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2020–2023 2015–2018 | — | [97,227,228] |
Glen Innes Severn C | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [229] |
Goulburn Mulwaree C | yes | PrS | — | 2023–2025 2019–2022 2015–2018 (n. l.) 2011–2014 (n. l.) 2008–2011 2006–2008 | — | [98,230,231,232,233] |
Greater Hume SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [234] |
Griffith CC | PrS | PrS | — | — | — | [235] |
Gunnedah SC | PrS | yes | — | — | — | [236] |
Gwydir SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [237] |
Hawkesbury CC | PrS | PrS | — | 2020/21–2023/24 2018/19–2020/21 2016–2019 2011–2014 | — | [99,238,239,240] |
Hay SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [241] |
Hills SC | — | yes | — | — | — | [242] |
Hilltops C | yes | yes | — | 2022–2025 2017–2020 2014–2017 (Young) | — | [100,243,244,245] |
Hornsby SC | yes | PrS | — | 2019– | — | [120,246] |
Hunter’s Hill C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [131] |
Inner West C | PrS | yes | — | — | — | [247] |
Inverell SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [248] |
Junee SC | yes | yes | — | 2014–2017 2008–2011 | — | [101,249,250] |
Kempsey SC | yes | yes | — | 2011–2014 | — | [251,252] |
Kiama MC | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [253] |
Ku-ring-gai C | yes | yes | — | 2021 2002–2006 (n. l.) | — | [132,254] |
Kyogle C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [133] |
Lachlan SC | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [255] |
Lake Macquarie CC | yes | yes | — | 2023–2026 2017 2014 (n. l.) | — | [102,256,257] |
Lane Cove C | yes | yes | — | 2011–2014 | — | [141,258] |
Leeton SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2018–2021 | — | [103,259] |
Lismore CC | yes | PrS | Date? | 2008–2011 (n. l.) | — | [260,261] |
Lithgow CC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [137] |
Liverpool CC | yes | yes | Date? | 2019–2023 2011–2014 (n. l.) | — | [115,134,262] |
Liverpool Plains SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2019–2022 (n. l.) | — | [263] |
Lockhart SC | yes | — | — | — | [264] | |
Maitland CC | PrS | PrS | — | (n. l.) | — | [265] |
Mid-Western RC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [266] |
MidCoast C | yes | yes | — | (Greater Taree, n. l.) | — | [267] |
Moree Plains SC | yes | yes | — | 2011–2013 (n. l.) 2008–2011 | — | [268,269] |
Mosman MC | yes | yes | — | 2016 | — | [270,271] |
Murray River C | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [272] |
Murrumbidgee C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [273] |
Muswellbrook SC | — | PrS | — | 2023–2026 2014–2017 | — | [104,274,275] |
Nambucca Valley C | yes | yes | — | 2014–2017 | — | [105,276] |
Narrabri SC | PrS | PrS | — | — | [277,278] | |
Narrandera SC | yes | yes | — | 2018–2021 | — | [155,279] |
Narromine SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [280] |
Newcastle, Co | yes | PrS | 2022 | 2020–2030 2013–2017 | — | [116,281,282,283] |
North Sydney C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [139] |
Northern Beaches C | yes | PrS | — | 2011–2014 (Manly) | — | [284,285] |
Oberon C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [286] |
Orange CC | yes | yes | — | 2023–2025 2020–2021 2018–2019 2014–2017 2011–2014 2006–2008 | — | [106,287,288,289,290,291,292] |
Parkes SC | yes | yes | — | 2014–2017 (n. l.) 2011–2014 | — | [107,293] |
Parramatta, Co | — | PrS | — | n. l. | — | [294] |
Penrith CC | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [295] |
Port Macquarie-Hastings C | yes | yes | — | 2003 (Hastings) 2011–2015 (Hastings) 2014 (Hastings) | — | [138,296,297,298] |
Port Stephens C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [299,300] |
Queanbeyan-Palerang RC | yes | yes | — | 2014–2017 (n. l.) 2006–2009 (Q) | — | [301,302] |
Randwick CC | PrS | PrS | — | — | — | [303] |
Richmond Valley C | PrS | PrS | — | 2021–2025 | — | [108,304] |
Ryde, Co | yes | yes | — | — | — | [305] |
Shellharbour CC | yes | yes | — | 2008/09–2010/11 | — | [306,307] |
Shoalhaven CC | yes | PrS | 2021–2024 2018–2021 (n. l.) 2014–2017 (n. l.) 2008–2011 2006–2008 | [109,308,309,310] | ||
Singleton C | yes | PrS | — | 2006– | — | [119,311] |
Snowy Monaro RC(Cooma-Monaro)(Snowy River) | yes | PrS | — CM 2014 (n. l.) | 2021–2023 CM 2014–2017 (n. l.) SR 2009–2011 | 2020 [draft] | [312,313,314] |
Snowy Valleys C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [315] |
Strathfield C | yes | — | — | — | [140] | |
Sutherland SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [316] |
Sydney, Co | yes | yes | — | — | — | [136] |
Tamworth RC | PrS | PrS | — | — | — | [317] |
Temora SC | yes | PrS | — | 2011–2014 | — | [318,319] |
Tenterfield SC | PrS | yes | — | 2018–2021 2015–2018 2011–2014 2008–2012 | — | [110,320,321,322,323] |
Tweed SC | yes | PrS | — | 2020–2023 | — | [324,325] |
Upper Hunter SC | yes | yes | — | — | [326] | |
Upper Lachlan SC | yes | yes | — | 2021–2023 | — | [327,328] |
Uralla SC | PrS | yes | — | 2018–2021 2021–2015 | — | [121,329,330] |
Wagga Wagga CC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [331] |
Walcha C | yes | yes | — | 2019–2029 | — | [332,333] |
Walgett SC | yes | yes | — | 2019–2021 (n. l.) | — | [334] |
Warren SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [335] |
Warrumbungle SC | yes | yes | — | 2021–2024 | — | [111,336] |
Waverley C | yes | yes | — | — | — | [143] |
Weddin SC | yes | yes | — | 2011–2014 | [337,338] | |
Wentworth SC | PrS | PrS | — | 2011–2014 | — | [339,340] |
Willoughby CC | yes | PrS | — | — | — | [341] |
Wingecarribee SC | yes | yes | — | 2019–2021 2014–2017 | — | [112,342,343] |
Wollondilly SC | yes | yes | — | — | — | [344] |
Wollongong CC | yes | yes | — | 2023–2027 2019–2022 2015–2017 | — | [113,345,346,347] |
Woollahra MC | — | PrS | — | 2021 | — | [142,154] |
Yass Valley C | PrS | PrS | — | 2017–2020 (n. l.) | — | [348] |
Appendix C. Comprehensive Structure for a Local Government Heritage Strategy and Prompts to Be Considered When Formulating a Strategy Using This Structure
Section | Prompt | ||
1. Purpose | |||
2. Background | |||
2.1. Brief description of the cultural and built heritage of the LGA | descriptive | ||
2.2. Process and personnel used to develop the heritage strategy | descriptive | ||
2.3. Timeframe of the heritage strategy | descriptive | ||
3. Council’s heritage vision statement | |||
3.1. Vision statement | descriptive | ||
3.2. Mission statement | descriptive | ||
4. Strategy context | |||
4.1. State context | |||
4.1.1. Legal framework | descriptive | ||
4.1.2. Policies and strategies | descriptive | ||
4.2. Local context | |||
4.2.1. Legal and regulatory framework (legislation, development control plans) | descriptive | ||
4.2.2. Local strategy and corporate planning framework | descriptive | ||
4.2.2.1. Relationship of heritage strategy to the council’s overall strategic plan | descriptive | ||
4.2.2.2. Relationship of heritage strategy to the council’s cultural and social strategies | descriptive | ||
4.2.3. Local administrative framework (key positions within the agency, the holders of which are responsible for heritage matters) | descriptive | ||
4.2.4. Policies and strategies | descriptive | ||
4.3. Linkage to Sustainable Development Goals | descriptive | ||
5. Heritage challenges and opportunities | |||
5.1. Socio-demographic change in the community | descriptive, analytical | ||
5.2. Environmental change affecting the community (e.g., climate emergency) | descriptive, analytical | ||
5.3. Other challenges and opportunities | descriptive, analytical | ||
6. Heritage-related achievements (in the strategic period) | |||
6.1. Thematic history | descriptive, existence, adequacy | ||
6.2. Heritage studies | descriptive, existence, currency | ||
6.3. Heritage register | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
6.4. Heritage regulations and processes | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
6.5. Heritage programs | descriptive, existence, adequacy | ||
6.6. Previous heritage strategies | existence, implementation | ||
7. Strategy action plan | |||
7.1. Conceptual area: Knowing | |||
7.1.1. Thematic history | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.1.2. Heritage studies | |||
7.1.2.1. Heritage places (built environment)/main street studies | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.1.2.2. Heritage places (Indigenous Australian) | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.1.2.3. Intangible heritage (Indigenous Australian, settler colonialist, post-WWII) | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.1.2.4. Moveable cultural heritage | collections, comprehensiveness | ||
7.1.3. Heritage registers | |||
7.1.3.1. LGA-wide register of heritage places | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.1.3.2. Council-owned asset register | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2. Conceptual area: Protecting | |||
7.2.1. Planning | |||
7.2.1.1. Local planning instruments (LEP) | currency, adequacy | ||
7.2.1.2. Local heritage policy and guidelines | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.1.3. Development control plans | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.1.4. Heritage at risk assessments | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.2. Managing | |||
7.2.2.1. Heritage officer position (qualified) | existence, currency | ||
7.2.2.2. Internal development evaluation and approval processes | existence, adequacy | ||
7.2.2.3. Integration of LGA-wide register of heritage into planning GIS | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.2.4. LGA-wide disaster management plan to safeguard heritage places (Indigenous Australian, settler colonialist, post-WWII) | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.3. Protection of council-owned heritage assets and council-managed heritage infrastructure | |||
7.2.3.1. Statutory protection | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.3.2. Conservation management plans | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.3.3. Disaster management plans | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.3.4. Redundant assets policy/asset transfer Policy | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.3.5. Collections management of council-owned moveable heritage | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.2.4. Heritage competency of staff and councillors | |||
7.2.4.1. Urban planning staff/building inspectors | currency, adequacy | ||
7.2.4.2. Environmental management staff | currency, adequacy | ||
7.2.4.3. Senior management | currency, adequacy | ||
7.2.4.4. Elected councillors | currency, adequacy | ||
7.2.5. Implementation | |||
7.2.5.1. Implementation of heritage study/ies | extent, adequacy | ||
7.2.5.2. Implementation of preceding heritage strategic plans | extent, adequacy | ||
7.2.5.3. Implementation of heritage development controls | extent, adequacy | ||
7.2.5.4. Adherence to best-practice actions (processes) | extent, adequacy | ||
7.3. Conceptual area: Supporting | |||
7.3.1. Technical assistance | |||
7.3.1.1. Heritage resources for community use | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.3.1.2. Heritage advisor (for owners and council staff) | existence, adequacy | ||
7.3.1.3. Heritage advisory committee (policy) | existence, adequacy | ||
7.3.1.4. Heritage trades directory | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.3.2. Financial assistance | |||
7.3.2.1. Financial assistance program to owners | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.3.2.2. Council support for local heritage organisations | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4. Conceptual area: Communicating and promoting | |||
7.4.1. Heritage information/publications | |||
7.4.1.1. Heritage information (council website, media) | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.1.2. Heritage information packs/lesson plans for schools | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.1.3. Heritage week/festival | existence, adequacy | ||
7.4.1.4. Public lectures/talks/workshops | existence, adequacy | ||
7.4.2. Heritage promotion/tourism | |||
7.4.2.1. Integrations with tourism strategy and promotion | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.2.2. Heritage (self-guided) tours/signage | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.3. Heritage award or recognition program | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.4. Stakeholder engagement (external and internal) | |||
7.4.4.1. Partnership with the local Indigenous Australian community | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.4.2. Partnerships with local heritage organisations | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.4.3. Partnerships with local and regional tertiary institutions | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.4.4. Engagement with property sector (architects, real estate agents) | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.4.5. Engagement with Chamber of Commerce | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
7.4.4.6. Integration with other council business units | existence, adequacy, currency | ||
8. Implementation | |||
8.1. Adoption | process | ||
8.2. Implementation | |||
8.2.1. Responsible position | descriptive | ||
8.2.2. Timeframe | descriptive | ||
8.2.3. Conflict resolution | descriptive | ||
8.3. Progress monitoring | process, timeframe | ||
8.4. Formal review | timeframe |
Appendix D. Coverage of Items of the Comprehensive Structure for a Local Government Heritage Strategy (In % of Community Type)
Metropolitan | Metropolitan Fringe | Regional Town/City | Large Rural | Rural | |||
Section | n = 5 | n = 4 | n = 16 | n = 13 | n = 5 | ||
1. Purpose | 100 | 100 | 100 | 92.3 | 100 | ||
2. Background | |||||||
2.1. Brief description of the cultural and built heritage of the LGA | 100 | 75.0 | 31.3 | — | 20.0 | ||
2.2. Process and personnel used to develop the heritage strategy | 20.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | — | — | ||
2.3. Timeframe of the heritage strategy | — | — | — | — | 40.0 | ||
3. Council’s heritage vision statement | |||||||
3.1. Vision statement | — | 25.0 | 25.0 | — | — | ||
3.2. Mission statement | — | — | 18.8 | — | — | ||
4. Strategy context | |||||||
4.1. State context | |||||||
4.1.1. Legal framework | 40.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | — | 20.0 | ||
4.1.2. Policies and strategies | — | — | — | — | 20.0 | ||
4.2. Local context | |||||||
4.2.1. Legal and regulatory framework (legislation, development control plans) | 20.0 | 50.0 | 12.5 | — | 20.0 | ||
4.2.2. Local strategy and corporate planning framework | 60.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | — | 20.0 | ||
4.2.2.1. Relationship of heritage strategy to council’s overall strategic plan | — | 25.0 | 25.0 | — | — | ||
4.2.2.2. Relationship of heritage strategy to council’s cultural and social strategies | — | — | 12.5 | — | — | ||
4.2.3. Local administrative framework (key positions within the agency, the holders of which are responsible for heritage matters) | — | — | — | — | — | ||
4.3. Linkage to Sustainable Development Goals | — | — | 12.5 | — | — | ||
5. Heritage challenges and opportunities | |||||||
5.1. Socio-demographic change in the community | — | — | 12.5 | — | — | ||
5.2. Environmental change affecting the community (e.g., climate emergency) | — | — | 6.3 | — | — | ||
5.3. Other challenges and opportunities | 20.0 | — | 12.5 | — | 20.0 | ||
6. Heritage-related achievements (in the strategic period) | |||||||
6.1. Thematic history | — | 25.0 | 6.3 | — | — | ||
6.2. Heritage studies | 40.0 | 50.0 | 18.8 | 7.7 | — | ||
6.3. Heritage register | 60.0 | — | — | — | — | ||
6.4. Heritage regulations and processes | 40.0 | — | 6.3 | — | — | ||
6.5. Heritage programs | — | 25.0 | 6.3 | — | — | ||
6.6. Previous heritage strategies | — | — | — | — | — | ||
7. Strategy action plan | |||||||
7.1. Conceptual area: Knowing | |||||||
7.1.1. Thematic history | 20.0 | 25.0 | 6.3 | — | 20.0 | ||
7.1.2. Heritage studies | 20.0 | — | 12.5 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.1.2.1. Heritage places (built environment)/main street studies | 40.0 | 50.0 | 56.3 | 30.8 | 100 | ||
7.1.2.2. Heritage places (Indigenous Australian) | 20.0 | — | 25.0 | 23.1 | 40.0 | ||
7.1.2.3. Intangible heritage (Indigenous Australian, settler colonialist, post-WWII) | 20.0 | — | 18.8 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.1.2.4. Moveable cultural heritage | 20.0 | — | 6.3 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.1.3. Heritage registers | — | — | — | — | — | ||
7.1.3.1. LGA-wide register of heritage places | 40.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 15.4 | 40.0 | ||
7.1.3.2. Council-owned asset register | 20.0 | 75.0 | 68.8 | 53.8 | 60.0 | ||
7.2. Conceptual area: Protecting | |||||||
7.2.1. Planning | |||||||
7.2.1.1. Local planning instruments (LEP) | 60.0 | 75.0 | 87.5 | 53.8 | 40.0 | ||
7.2.1.2. Local heritage policy and guidelines | 20.0 | 50.0 | 12.5 | 23.1 | — | ||
7.2.1.3. Development control plans | 40.0 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 30.8 | 40.0 | ||
7.2.1.4. Heritage at risk assessments | — | — | 6.3 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.2.2. Managing | |||||||
7.2.2.1. Heritage officer position (qualified) | — | — | 6.3 | — | — | ||
7.2.2.2. Internal development evaluation and approval processes | — | 25.0 | 31.3 | — | 20.0 | ||
7.2.2.3. Integration of LGA-wide register of heritage into planning GIS | 40.0 | — | 6.3 | 15.4 | 20.0 | ||
7.2.2.4. LGA-wide disaster management plan to safeguard heritage places (Indigenous Australian, settler colonialist, post-WWII) | — | 25.0 | — | — | — | ||
7.2.3. Protection of council-owned heritage assets and council-managed heritage infrastructure | — | 50.0 | 6.3 | 23.1 | 20.0 | ||
7.2.3.1. Statutory protection | 20.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.2.3.2. Conservation management plans | 40.0 | 75.0 | 50.0 | 53.8 | 20.0 | ||
7.2.3.3. Disaster management plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||
7.2.3.4. Redundant assets policy/asset transfer policy | — | — | — | — | — | ||
7.2.3.5. Collections management of council-owned moveable heritage | — | — | 6.3 | — | 20.0 | ||
7.2.4. Heritage competency of staff and councillors | |||||||
7.2.4.1. Urban planning staff/building inspectors | 20.0 | 75.0 | 56.3 | 53.8 | 40.0 | ||
7.2.4.2. Environmental management staff | 20.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 15.4 | 20.0 | ||
7.2.4.3. Senior management | 20.0 | 25.0 | — | — | — | ||
7.2.4.4. Elected councillors | — | — | 12.5 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.2.5. Implementation | |||||||
7.2.5.1. Implementation of heritage study/ies | — | — | 12.5 | 38.5 | 40.0 | ||
7.2.5.2. Implementation of preceding heritage strategic plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||
7.2.5.3. Implementation of heritage development controls | — | 25.0 | — | 7.7 | — | ||
7.2.5.4. Adherence to best-practice actions (processes) | — | 25.0 | 12.5 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.3. Conceptual area: Supporting | |||||||
7.3.1. Technical assistance | |||||||
7.3.1.1. Heritage resources for community use | 40.0 | 75.0 | 43.8 | 30.8 | 20.0 | ||
7.3.1.2. Heritage advisor (for owners and council staff) | 80.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 100 | 100 | ||
7.3.1.3. Heritage advisory committee (policy) | 60.0 | 100 | 62.5 | 53.8 | 80.0 | ||
7.3.1.4. Heritage trades directory | 20.0 | 25.0 | 18.8 | 23.1 | — | ||
7.3.2. Financial assistance | |||||||
7.3.2.1. Financial assistance program to owners | 60.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 84.6 | 60.0 | ||
7.3.2.2. Council support to local heritage organisations | — | — | — | 7.7 | — | ||
7.4. Conceptual area: Communicating and promoting | |||||||
7.4.1. Heritage information/publications | |||||||
7.4.1.1. Heritage information (council website, media) | 80.0 | 50.0 | 68.8 | 76.9 | 40.0 | ||
7.4.1.2. Heritage information packs/lesson plans for schools | — | — | 18.8 | 7.7 | 20.0 | ||
7.4.1.3. Heritage week/festival | 60.0 | 50.0 | 18.8 | 46.2 | — | ||
7.4.1.4. Public lectures/talks/workshops | 60.0 | 25.0 | 68.8 | 23.1 | — | ||
7.4.2. Heritage promotion/tourism | |||||||
7.4.2.1. Integrations with tourism strategy and promotion | 20.0 | 50.0 | 31.3 | 61.5 | 60.0 | ||
7.4.2.2. Heritage (self-guided) tours/signage | 80.0 | 50.0 | 56.3 | 53.8 | 80.0 | ||
7.4.3. Heritage award or recognition program | 40.0 | 25.0 | 31.3 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.4.4. Stakeholder engagement (external and internal) | |||||||
7.4.4.1. Partnership with the local Indigenous Australian community | 20.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 7.7 | 40.0 | ||
7.4.4.2. Partnerships with local heritage organisations | 40.0 | 50.0 | 37.5 | 23.1 | 60.0 | ||
7.4.4.3. Partnerships with local and regional tertiary institutions | — | 25.0 | — | 7.7 | — | ||
7.4.4.4. Engagement with property sector (architects, real estate agents) | — | — | 6.3 | 7.7 | — | ||
7.4.4.5. Engagement with Chamber of Commerce | — | — | — | — | — | ||
7.4.4.6. Integration with other council business units | — | — | 6.3 | — | — | ||
8. Implementation | |||||||
8.1. Adoption | — | 25.0 | — | 7.7 | — | ||
8.2. Implementation | — | 25.0 | 12.5 | — | — | ||
8.2.1. Responsible position | — | — | — | — | — | ||
8.2.2. Timeframe | 40.0 | 75.0 | — | — | 20.0 | ||
8.2.3. Conflict resolution | — | — | — | — | — | ||
8.3. Progress monitoring | — | 25.0 | 6.3 | — | — | ||
8.4. Formal review | — | — | 12.5 | — | — |
References
- de la Torre, M. Values and heritage conservation. Herit. Soc. 2013, 6, 155–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fredheim, L.H.; Khalaf, M. The significance of values: Heritage value typologies re-examined. Int. J. Herit. Stud. 2016, 22, 466–481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. The Nexus between Cultural Heritage Management and the Mental Health of Urban Communities. Land 2022, 11, 304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, G.S.; Messenger, P.M.; Soderland, H.A. Heritage Values in Contemporary Society; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Mydland, L.; Grahn, W. Identifying heritage values in local communities. Int. J. Herit. Stud. 2012, 18, 564–587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Futurist rhetoric in U.S. historic preservation: A review of current practice. Int. Rev. Public Non Profit Mark. 2007, 4, 91–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, L. Uses of Heritage; Routledge: Abingdon, UK, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, S. The development and institutional characteristics of China’s built heritage conservation legislation. Built Herit. 2022, 6, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reap, J.K. Introduction: Heritage legislation and management. Built Herit. 2022, 6, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teller, J.; Bond, A. Review of present European environmental policies and legislation involving cultural heritage. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2002, 22, 611–632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. What actually is a Heritage Conservation Area? A Management Critique based on a Systematic Review of NSW Planning Documents. Heritage 2023, 6, 5270–5304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leadbeter, P. Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings—Do the current planning and heritage controls support the concept. Environ. Plan. Law J. 2013, 30, 491–507. [Google Scholar]
- Hobbs, D.; Spennemann, D.H.R. Indigenous Heritage on Private Land: An examination of guidance provided by Local Government Authorities of NSW. Aust. Plan. 2020, 56, 249–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. An Integrated Architecture for successful Heritage Site Management Planning. CRM J. Herit. Steward. 2007, 4, 18–28. [Google Scholar]
- Jokilehto, J. Conservation principles in the international context. In Conservation; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2010; pp. 73–83. [Google Scholar]
- Feilden, B. Conservation of Historic Buildings; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Historic England. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment; Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England: London, UK, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Kerr, J.S. The Conservation Plan: A Guide to the Preparation of Conservation Plans for Places of European Cultural Significance; National Trust of Australia: Sydney, NSW, Australia, 1985. [Google Scholar]
- Laidlaw, P.; Spennemann, D.H.R.; Allen, C. Protecting cultural assets from bushfires: A question of comprehensive planning. Disasters 2008, 32, 66–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosa, A.; Santangelo, A.; Tondelli, S. Investigating the integration of cultural heritage disaster risk management into urban planning tools. The Ravenna case study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gwendolyn Ross, S. Heritage preservation easements, urban property, and heritage law: Exploring Canadian common law and civil law tools for responding to international cultural preservation frameworks for cities. Univ. Tor. Law J. 2022, 72, 436–467. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ying, K.-K. Should Heritage Preservation Trump Protection of Private Property Right? In Rights and Urban Controversies in Hong Kong: From the Eastern and Western Perspectives; Springer: Singapore, 2023; pp. 69–91. [Google Scholar]
- Ying, K.-K. Heritage preservation versus development: The case of Queen’s pier. In Land and Housing Controversies in Hong Kong: Perspectives of Justice and Social Values; Springer: Singapore, 2020; pp. 127–144. [Google Scholar]
- Hammond, C.I. The Keystone of the Neighbourhood: Gender, Collective Action, and Working-Class Heritage Strategy in Pointe-Saint-Charles, Montréal. J. Can. Stud. 2018, 52, 108–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grimshaw, L.; Mates, L. ‘It’s part of our community, where we live’: Urban heritage and children’s sense of place. Urban Stud. 2022, 59, 1334–1352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussein, F.; Stephens, J.; Tiwari, R. Towards psychosocial well-being in historic urban landscapes: The contribution of cultural memory. Urban Sci. 2020, 4, 59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giliberto, F. Heritage, Mental Health and Well-Being. Herit. Our Sustain. Future 2021, 6, 1–6. [Google Scholar]
- Australia ICOMOS. The Burra Charter. The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance 2013; Australia ICOMOS Inc. International Council of Monuments and Sites: Burwood, VIC, Australia, 2013.
- Canning, S.; Spennemann, D.H.R. Contested space: Social value and the assessment of cultural significance in New South Wales, Australia. In Heritage Landscapes: Understanding Place and Communities, Proceedings of the Lismore Conference; Cotter, M.M., Boyd, W.E., Gardiner, J.E., Eds.; Southern Cross University Press: Lismore, NSW, Australia, 2001; pp. 457–468. [Google Scholar]
- U.S. Department of the Interior. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (36 CFR 67); Technical Preservation Services, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior: Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
- Bhowmik, P. Heritage tourism: A bibliometric review. Anatolia 2021, 32, 387–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, H.Y. Heritage Tourism; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Cullingworth, B. Planning in the USA: Policies, Issues and Processes; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Cardoso, R.; Breda-Vázquez, I. Social justice as a guide to planning theory and practice: Analyzing the Portuguese planning system. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. 2007, 31, 384–400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guyadeen, D.; Henstra, D.; Kaup, S.; Wright, G. Evaluating the quality of municipal strategic plans. Eval. Program Plan. 2023, 96, 102186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Le, T.; Tran, T. An evaluation of local comprehensive plans regarding green infrastructure in 52 cities across the US gulf coast region. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pimenta, A.; Kamruzzaman, L.M. Assessing the comprehensiveness and vertical coherence of climate change action plans: The case of Australia. J. Environ. Manag. 2024, 369, 122419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Denhez, M.C.; Denhez, M. The Heritage Strategy Planning Handbook; Dundurn Press: Toronto, ON, Canada, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- Pearson, M.; Sullivan, S. Looking After Heritage Places: The Basics of Heritage Planning for Managers, Landowners and Administrators; Melbourne University Press: Carton, VIC, Australia, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- Davison, G. A Heritage Handbook; Allen & Unwin: Melbourne, Australia, 1991. [Google Scholar]
- Murtagh, W.J. Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- Laidlaw, P.; Spennemann, D.H.R.; Allen, C. No time to de(con)struct: The Accessibility of Bush Fire Risk Management Plans in New South Wales, Australia. Aust. J. Emerg. Manag. 2007, 22, 5–17. [Google Scholar]
- Hinţea, C.E.; Profiroiu, M.C.; Ţiclău, T.C. Strategic Planning in Local Communities. A Cross-National Study of 7 Countries; Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, Switzerland, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Kemp, R. Strategic Planning in Local Government: A Casebook; Taylor & Francis: New York, NY, USA, 2024. [Google Scholar]
- Poister, T.H.; Streib, G. Elements of strategic planning and management in municipal government: Status after two decades. Public Adm. Rev. 2005, 65, 45–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Retnandari, N.D. Implementation of strategic planning in regional/municipal governments, obstacles and challenges. Policy Gov. Rev. 2022, 6, 155–175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hines, A.; Bishop, P.J.; Slaughter, R.A. Thinking About the Future: Guidelines for Strategic Foresight; Social Technologies: Washington, DC, USA, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- van Duijne, F.; Bishop, P. Introduction to Strategic Foresight; Future Motions, Dutch Futures Society: Den Haag, The Netherlands, 2018; Volume 1, p. 67. [Google Scholar]
- Burgmann, M.; Burgmann, V. Green Bans, Red Union: Environmental Activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers’ Federation; UNSW Press: Randwick, Australia, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Anderson, I. Whose green bans? The builders’ labourers’ federation, the trade union movement and green bans in Queensland in the 1970s. Qld. J. Labour Hist. 2015, 20, 26–37. [Google Scholar]
- Davison, G. A brief history of the Australian heritage movement. In A Heritage Handbook; Davison, G., McConville, C., Eds.; Allen & Unwin: Melbourne, Australia, 1991; pp. 14–27. [Google Scholar]
- Commonwealth of Australia. Report of the National Estate: Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the National Estate [‘The Hope Report’]. Parliamentary Paper 1974, No. 195; Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia, 1974.
- Waterton, E. A history of heritage policy in Australia: From hope to philanthropy. In Making Culture; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2018; pp. 75–86. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Of Great Apes and Robots: Considering the Future(s) of Cultural Heritage. Futures—J. Policy Plan. Futures Stud. 2007, 39, 861–877. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, L.; Whitehead, C.; Campbell, G.; Bozoğlu, G. The politics of heritage. In The Routledge International Handbook of Heritage and Politics; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2024; pp. 3–18. [Google Scholar]
- Holtorf, C. The heritage of heritage. Herit. Soc. 2012, 5, 153–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watkins, J.E.; Beaver, J. What Do We Mean by “Heritage”? Whose Heritage Do We Manage, and What Rights Have We to Do So? Herit. Manag. 2008, 1, 9–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Your solution, their problem. Their solution, your problem: The Gordian Knot of Cultural Heritage Planning and Management at the Local Government Level. Disp—Plan. Rev. 2006, 42, 30–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Gauging Community Values in Historic Preservation. CRM J. Herit. Steward. 2006, 3, 6–20. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Beyond “Preserving the Past for the Future”: Contemporary Relevance and Historic Preservation. CRM J. Herit. Steward. 2011, 8, 7–22. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. The usefulness of the Johari Window for the Cultural Heritage Planning Process. Heritage 2023, 6, 724–741. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sullivan, S. Does the practice of heritage as we know it have a future? Hist. Environ. 2015, 27, 110–117. [Google Scholar]
- Commonwealth of Australia. Preparing a Heritage Strategy, A Guide for Commonwealth Agencies; Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts: Canberra, Australia, 2010.
- Heritage Victoria. Municipal Heritage Strategies: A Guide for Councils; Heritage Victoria, Department of Planning and Community Development: Melbourne, Australia, 2012. Available online: https://hdp-au-prod-app-ban-shapingbanyule-files.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/2616/9015/3456/Municipal-Heritage-Strategies-guide.pdf (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- Western Australian Local Government Association. A Model Heritage Strategy for Local Governments; Western Australian Local Government Association: Perth, Australia, 2017.
- Commonwealth of Australia. Working Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places, A Guide for Commonwealth Agencies; Department of the Environment and Energy: Canberra, Australia, 2019.
- NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. Recommendations for Local Council Heritage Management; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage: Sydney, Australia, 2013.
- NSW Heritage Office. Eight Suggestions on How Local Councils Can Promote Heritage Conservation; NSW Heritage Office: Parramatta, Australia, 2001.
- NSW Government. Have Your Say. A Heritage Strategy for NSW. Available online: https://www.haveyoursay.nsw.gov.au/nsw-heritage-strategy (accessed on 23 October 2024).
- Local Government NSW. Draft Submission. A Heritage Strategy for NSW. March 2024; Local Government NSW: Sydney, Australia, 2014.
- Heritage Council. Local Authority Heritage Plan Guidelines; Heritage Council: Dublin, Republic of Ireland, 2024. Available online: https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/images/Local-Authority-Heritage-Plan-Guidelines_2024-02-22-093530_zrci.pdf (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- Heritage Council. Our Place in Time. Heritage Council Strategic Plan 2023–2028; Heritage Council: Dublin, Republic of Ireland, 2024. Available online: https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Law Relating to the Establishment, Preservation and Management of National Parks, Historic Sites and Certain Other Areas and the Protection of Certain Aboriginal Objects; to Repeal the Wild Flowers and Native Plants Protection Act 1927, the Fauna Protection Act 1948, the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1967 and Certain Other Enactments; to Amend the Local Government Act 1919 and Certain Other Acts in Certain Respects; and for Purposes Connected Therewith (New South Wales). Act New South Wales Act 80 of 1974. Assented: 19 August 2022. 1974. Available online: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/whole/html/2003-01-31/act-1974-080 (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- An Act to Institute a System of Environmental Planning and Assessment for the State of New South Wales, (New South Wales); Act Asssented: December 21, 1979, [amended 1 July 2020]. 1979. Available online: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203 (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- An Act to Conserve the Environmental Heritage of the State (New South Wales), Act Asssented: 5 April 1977. Available online: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1977-136 (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- New South Wales Consolidated Acts. Heritage Act as Amended to 30 October 2023. Available online: http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ha197786/ (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- NSW Heritage Office. Local Government Heritage Guidelines; NSW Heritage Office: Sydney, Australia, 2002.
- NSW Heritage Office. Community-Based Heritage Studies; NSW Heritage Office: Sydney, Australia, 2013.
- Garritty, C.; Gartlehner, G.; Nussbaumer-Streit, B.; King, V.J.; Hamel, C.; Kamel, C.; Affengruber, L.; Stevens, A. Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2021, 130, 13–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hamel, C.; Michaud, A.; Thuku, M.; Skidmore, B.; Stevens, A.; Nussbaumer-Streit, B.; Garritty, C. Defining Rapid Reviews: A systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of definitions and defining characteristics of rapid reviews. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2021, 129, 74–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Internet Archive. WayBack Machine. Available online: https://archive.org/web/ (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Heritage NSW. Digital Heritage Library. Available online: https://heritagensw.intersearch.com.au/heritagenswjspui/ (accessed on 1 May 2024).
- National Library of Australia. Trove. Australian and Online Resources. Available online: http://trove.nla.gov.au (accessed on 1 May 2024).
- Australasian Legal Information Institute. New South Wales Local Strategic Planning Statements. Available online: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewtoc/au/other/nsw/NSWEPILSPS/2020/ (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Office of Local Government. Australian Classification of Local Governments and Office of Local Government Group Numbers; NSW Office of Local Government: Sydney, Australia, 2020. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20240223171731/https://www.yourcouncil.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Australian-Classification-of-Local-Government-and-OLG-group-numbers.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- NSW Department of Planning and Environment. Local Strategic Planning Statements. Guideline for Councils; NSW Department of Planning and Environment: Sydney, Australia, 2018.
- MedCalc Software. MEDCALC. Comparison of Proportions Calculator Version 22.032. Available online: https://www.medcalc.org/calc/comparison_of_proportions.php (accessed on 15 August 2024).
- Bland Shire Council. Bland Shire Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Bland Shire Shire Council: West Wyalong, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://www.blandshire.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/policies-and-procedures-website/policies-and-procedures/bland-shire-heritage-strategy-2014-2017.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Broken Hill Shire Council. Heritage Strategy 2017—2020; Broken Hill Shire Council: Broken Hill, Australia, 2017. Available online: https://www.brokenhill.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/documents/strategies-and-other-documents/heritage-strategy-2017-2020.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Broken Hill Shire Council. Heritage Strategy 2020–2023; Broken Hill Shire Council: Broken Hill, Australia, 2020. Available online: https://www.brokenhill.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/documents/strategies-and-other-documents/heritage-strategy-2020-2023.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Byron Shire Council. Byron Shire Heritage Strategy 2020–2024; Byron Shire Shire Council: Byron Bay, Australia, 2020. Available online: https://www.byron.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/hptrim/land-use-and-planning-programs-heritage-protection-programs-studies/byron-shire-heritage-strategy-2020-24-adopted-res-20-266.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Clarence Valley Council. Heritage Strategy 2013; Clarence Valley Council: Burwood, Australia, 2013.
- Coffs Harbour City Council. Coffs Harbour Heritage Strategy 2021–2024; Coffs Harbour City Council: Coffs Harbour, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://www.coffsharbour.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/your-council/publications/strategies/heritage-strategy-2017-2020.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Coolamon Shire Council. Heritage Strategy for Coolamon Shire 2018–2021; Coolamon Shire Council: Coolamon, Australia, 2018. Available online: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/6119a6edaf35db238026cbe1/t/611a0b933824ef14833bef02/1629096852737/180622-HERITAGE-STRATEGY-FOR-COOLAMON-SHIRE-2018–2021-June-18.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Eurobodalla Shire Council. Eurobodalla Heritage Strategy 2017–2021; Eurobodalla Shire Council: Eurobodalla, Australia, 2017.
- FairfieldCity. Draft Heritage Strategy 2018–2021; FairfieldCity Council: Fairfield, Australia, 2018.
- Gilgandra Shire Council. Heritage Strategy 2020–2023; Gilgandra Shire Council: Gilgandra, Australia, 2020. Available online: https://www.gilgandra.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/heritage-amp-cultural/heritage-strategy-2020-adopted.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Goulburn Mulwaree Heritage Strategy 2023–2025. Goulburn Mulwaree Council: Goulburn, Australia, 2023. Available online: https://www.goulburn.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/strategic-planning/public-exhibition/council-meeting-business-paper-19-december-2023-heritage-strategy-2023-2025.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Hawkesbury City Council. Draft Hawkesbury Heritage Strategy. (2021/2022–2023/2024); Hawkesbury City Council: Windsor, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://www.hawkesbury.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/61337/Heritage-Conservation-Chapter-December-2013.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Hilltops Shire Council. Hilltops Heritage Strategy 2022–2025; Hilltops Shire Council: Young, Australia, 2022. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20211109133119/https://www.hilltops.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Hilltops-Heritage-Strategy-2017-2020-1.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Junee Shire Council. Junee Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Junee Shire Council: Junee, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20150209023440/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/124644/20150121-0000/JSCheritage.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Lake Macquarie City Council. Heritage and Museum Strategy 2023–2026; Lake Macquarie City Council: Lake Macquarie, Australia, 2023. Available online: https://www.lakemac.com.au/files/assets/public/hptrim/recreation-and-cultural-services-museum-and-galleries-management-museum-and-gallery-procedures-museum-and-heritage-collection-procedures/master-final-heritage-and-museum-strategy-2023-2026.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Leeton Shire Council. Heritage Strategy for Leeton Shire 2018–2021; Leeton Shire Council: Leeton, Australia, 2018.
- Muswellbrook Shire. Muswellbrook Shire Heritage Strategy 2023–2026; Muswellbrook Shire: Muswellbrook, Australia, 2023.
- McKay, M. Nambucca Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Nambucca Shire Council: Nambucca, Australia, 2014.
- Orange City Council. Heritage Strategy 2023–2025; Orange Council: Orange, Australia, 2021.
- Parkes Shire Council. Heritage Strategy for the Period 2011–2014; Parkes Shire Council: Parkes, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20160319132003/http://www.parkes.nsw.gov.au/sites/parkes/files/public/images/documents/parkes/1-Parkes%20Heritage%20Strategy%2011-14.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Richmond Valley Council. Heritage Strategy 2021–2025; Richmond Valley Council: Casino, Australia, 2021.
- Shoalhaven Shire Council. Shoalhaven Heritage Strategy 2021–2024; Shoalhaven Shire Shire Council: Shoalhaven, Australia, 2020. Available online: http://doc.shoalhaven.nsw.gov.au/DisplayDoc.aspx?record=POL17/51 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Tenterfield Shire Council. Tenterfield Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2018–2021; Tenterfield Shire Council: Tenterfield, Australia, 2018. Available online: https://www.tenterfield.nsw.gov.au/content/uploads/2020/02/Tenterfield-Heritage-Strategy-2018-21.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Warrumbungle Shire Council. Warrumbungle Community Heritage Strategy 2021–2024; Warrumbungle Shire Council: Coonabarabran, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://www.warrumbungle.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/684/Warrumbungle%20Community%20Heritage%20Strategy%202021-2024.docx.pdf.aspx (accessed on 1 November 2024).
- Wingecarribee Shire Council. Wingecarribee Shire Heritage Strategy 2019–2021; Wingecarribee Shire Council: Moss Vale, Australia, 2019. Available online: https://www.wsc.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/development/heritage/wingecarribee-shire-heritage-strategy-2019-21.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- City of Wollongong. Draft Wollongong Heritage Strategy 2023–2027; City of Wollongong: Wollongong, Australia, 2023. Available online: https://our.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/87000/widgets/409383/documents/262321 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Blue Mountains Council. Blue Mountains Heritage Strategy 2021–2025; Blue Mountains Shire Council: Katoomba, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://www.bmcc.nsw.gov.au/documents/blue-mountains-heritage-strategy-2021-2025 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Liverpool City Council. Liverpool Heritage Strategy 2019–2023; Liverpool City Council: Liverpool, UK, 2019. Available online: https://www.liverpool.nsw.gov.au/trim/documents?RecordNumber=258427.2020 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- City of Newcastle. Heritage Strategy 2020–2030; City of Newcastle: Newcastle, Australia, 2020. Available online: https://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/Newcastle/media/Documents/Strategies,%20Plans%20and%20Policies/Strategies/4251-ADOPTED-Heritage-Strategy-2020-30-V4.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst Region Heritage Plan 2021–2025; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://yoursay.bathurst.nsw.gov.au/bathurst-region-heritage-plan-2021-2025#:~:text=The%20Bathurst%20Region%20Heritage%20Plan%20aims%20to%20guide%20heritage%20management,to%20the%20next%20Heritage%20Plan (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Eurobodalla Shire Council. Eurobodalla Heritage Strategy 2024–2028; Eurobodalla Shire Council: Eurobodalla, Australia, 2024. Available online: https://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/150850/Eurobodalla-Heritage-Strategy-2024-2028.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Singleton Council. Heritage Strategy (2006); Singleton Council: Singleton, Australia, 2006.
- GML Heritage. Hornsby Shire Heritage Action Plan. Report prepared for Hornsby Shire Council, April 2019; GML Heritage: Sydney, Australia, 2019.
- McKay, M. Heritage Strategy (2018–2021) Uralla Shire Council; Uralla Shire Council: Uralla, Australia, 2018.
- Yass Valley Council. Yass Valley Heritage Strategy 2017–2020; Yass Valley Council: Yass, Australia, 2017.
- Clark, K. Planning for the past: Heritage services in local planning authorities in England. Cult. Trends 2001, 11, 61–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gonzalez, P.; Allen, C.; Spennemann, D.H.R. Boiler Plating’ in Fire Management Plans. Is Command and Control Planning Failing Cultural Heritage Protection? Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University: Albury, NSW, Australia, 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Risk Assessments in Heritage Planning in Victoria. I: A Rapid Survey of the Conservation Management Plans Written in 1997–2002; The Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University: Albury, Australia, 2005; pp. 1448–6563. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Risk Assessments in Heritage Planning in Victoria. II: A Rapid Survey of Local Government Area Heritage Management Plans Written in 1985–2002; The Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University: Albury, Australia, 2005; pp. 1448–6563. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Risk Assessments in Heritage Planning in New South Wales. A Rapid Survey of the Conservation Management Plans Written in 1997–2002; The Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University: Albury, Australia, 2005; pp. 1448–6563. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. Risk assessments in heritage planning in Victoria and New South Wales: A survey of conservation plans and heritage studies. Australas. J. Environ. Manag. 2005, 12, 89–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Graham, K.; Spennemann, D.H.R. Heritage managers and their Attitudes towards Disaster Management for cultural heritage resources in New South Wales, Australia. Int. J. Emerg. Manag. 2006, 3, 215–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Graham, K.; Spennemann, D.H.R. Disaster management and cultural heritage: An investigation of perceptions held by New South Wales Rural Fire Service Brigade Captains. Australas. J. Disaster Trauma Stud. 2006, 2006, 2006-1. [Google Scholar]
- Hunters Hill Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement. A 20 Year Vision for Land Use in the Hunters Hill Local Government Area; Hunters Hill Council: Hunters Hill, Australia, 2020.
- Ku-ring-gai Council. Ku-ring-gai Council Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020; Ku-ring-gai Council: Gordon, Australia, 2020.
- Kyogle Council. Kyogle Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Kyogle Council: Kyogle, Australia, 2020.
- Liverpool City Council. Connected Liverpool 2040. Liverpool’s Local Strategic Planning Statement. A Land Use Vision to 2040; Liverpool City Council: Liverpool, UK, 2020.
- Cumberland City Council. Cumberland 2030. Our Local Strategic Planning Statement February 2020; Cumberland City Council: Merrylands, Australia, 2020.
- City of Sydney. City Plan 2036 Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020; City of Sydney: Sydney, Australia, 2020.
- Lithgow City Council. Lithgow 2040. Local Strategic Planning Statement; Lithgow City Council: Lithgow, Australia, 2020.
- Port Macquarie-Hastings Council. Shaping our Future 2040. A Local Strategic Planning Statement for Port Macquarie-Hastings; Port Macquarie-Hastings Council: Port Macquarie, Australia, 2020.
- North Sydney Council. North Sydney Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; North Sydney Council: Willoughby, Australia, 2020.
- Strathfield Council. Strathfield 2040 Local Strategic Planning Statement; Strathfield Council: Strathfield, Australia, 2020.
- Lane Cove Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Lane Cove Council March 2020; Lane Cove Council: Lane Cove, Australia, 2020.
- Woollahra Municipal Council. Our vision. Our Woollahra: Woollahra Local Strategic Planning Statement; Woollahra Municipal Council: Woollahra, Australia, 2020.
- Waverley Council. Waverley Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2036; Waverley Council: Waverley, Australia, 2020.
- Spennemann, D.H.R. The Futurist Stance of Historical Societies: An analysis of positioning statements. Int. J. Arts Manag. 2007, 9, 4–15. [Google Scholar]
- Spennemann, D.H.R. The Shifting Baseline Syndrome and Generational Amnesia in Heritage Studies. Heritage 2022, 5, 2007–2027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Menzies, K. Understanding the Australian Aboriginal experience of collective, historical and intergenerational trauma. Int. Soc. Work 2019, 62, 1522–1534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raphael, B.; Swan, P.; Martinek, N. Intergenerational aspects of trauma for Australian Aboriginal people. In International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1998; pp. 327–339. [Google Scholar]
- Krieg, A. The experience of collective trauma in Australian Indigenous communities. Australas. Psychiatry 2009, 17, S28–S32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zurba, M.; Berkes, F. Caring for country through participatory art: Creating a boundary object for communicating Indigenous knowledge and values. Local Environ. 2014, 19, 821–836. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watson, I. Sovereign spaces, caring for country, and the homeless position of Aboriginal peoples. South Atl. Q. 2009, 108, 27–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lloyd, C. Reconciliation Action plans: Origins, innovations and trends. J. Aust. Indig. Issues 2018, 21, 10–45. [Google Scholar]
- Schepis, D. Understanding Indigenous Reconciliation Action Plans from a corporate social responsibility perspective. Resour. Policy 2020, 69, 101870. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burt, A.; Gunstone, A. Cultural Competency through a Reconciliation Action Plan. J. Aust. Indig. Issues 2018, 21, 46–58. [Google Scholar]
- Woollahra Muncipal Council. Heritage Gap Analysis; Woollahra Muncipal Council: Woollahra, Australia, 2021.
- Narrandera Shire Council. Heritage Strategy for Narrandera Shire 2018–2021; Narrandera Shire Council: Narrandera, Australia, 2018.
- ABS. ABS Population and People by 2021 LGA Nov 2023; ABS: Canberra, Australia, 2023. [Google Scholar]
- NSW Office of Local Government. Your Council Report Time-Series Data 2022/2023; NSW Office of Local Government: NOWRA, Australia, 2023.
- AlburyCity. Heritage Strategy March 2004; Albury City Council: Albury, Australia, 2004.
- AlburyCity. Local Strategic Planning Statement. Adopted 14 September 2020. Shaping Our City: Our Land Use Vision; AlburyCity: Albury, Australia, 2020.
- Armidale Regional Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement A Plan for 2040; Armidale Regional Council: Armidale, Australia, 2020.
- Ballina Shire. Ballina Combined Development Control Plan Chapter 1—Urban Land Policy Statement No. 12 Heritage Matters; Ballina Shire: Ballina, Australia. Available online: https://ballina.nsw.gov.au/files/combdcp_chapter1policystatement12_heritagematters.pdf?v=1243866610 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Ballina Shire. Living in Paradise: Our Vision, Our Future. Ballina Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Ballina Shire: Ballina, Australia, 2020.
- Balranald Shire Council. Balranald Shire Council: Local Strategic Planning Statement; Balranald Shire Council: Balranald, Australia, 2021.
- Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst Region Heritage Implementation Plan; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2021.
- Bathurst Regional Council. Summary Heritage Strategy for the Bathurst Region 2005/06–2007/08; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2005.
- Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst Region Heritage Plan 2017–2020; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2017. Available online: https://www.bathurst.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/council/plans-policies/heritage-plan-2017-website.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Bathurst Regional Council. Summary Heritage Strategy for the Bathurst Region 2011/12–2013/14; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120826235733/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/122286/20120826-0000/heritage.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst Region Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20160923034634/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/122286/20160826-0000/heritage14.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Bathurst Regional Council. Summary Heritage Strategy for the Bathurst Region 2008/09–2010/11; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2008. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20100826045139/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/122286/20100826-1444/heritage.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Bathurst Regional Council. Vision Bathurst 2040. Bathurst Region Local Strategic Planning Statement; Bathurst Regional Council: Bathurst, Australia, 2020.
- Bayside Council. Bayside City Council Heritage Action Plan June 2020; Bayside Council: Botany Bay, Australia, 2020.
- Bayside Council. Future Bayside. Local Strategic Planning Statement a Land-Use Vision to 2036; Bayside Council: Rockdale, Australia, 2020.
- Bega Valley Shire. Bega Valley Shire Heritage Strategy 2006–2008; Bega Valley Shire: Bega, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080722051714/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs_bega_valley.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Bega Valley Shire. Bega Valley Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040; Bega Valley Shire: Bega, Australia, 2020.
- Bellingen Shire. Draft Heritage Strategy for 2006–2008; Bellingen Shire: Bellingen, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080722051544/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs_belligen.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Bellingen Shire. Summary Heritage Strategy for Bellingen Shire for 2011–2014; Bellingen Shire: Bellingen, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321123513/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Bellingen_Heritage_Strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Bellingen Shire. Bellingen Shire Heritage Strategy for 2014–2017; Bellingen Shire: Bellingen, Australia, 2014.
- Bellingen Shire. Bellingen Shire Heritage Strategy for 2017–2020; Bellingen Shire: Bellingen, Australia, 2017.
- Bellingen Shire. Bellingen Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Bellingen Shire: Bellingen, Australia, 2020.
- Berrigan Shire. Berrigan Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Berrigan Shire: Berrigan, Australia, 2020.
- Blacktown City Council. Blacktown Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Blacktown City Council: Blacktown, Australia, 2020.
- Bland Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Bland Shire Council; Bland Shire Council: West Wyalong, Australia, 2020.
- Blaney Shire Council. Blaney Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Blaney Shire Council: Blaney, Australia, 2020.
- Blue Mountains Council. Blue Mountains City Council Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Blue Mountains Shire Council: Katoomba, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://www.bmcc.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/files/BMCC_Heritage_Strategy2014-2017.PDF (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Blue Mountains City Council. Blue Mountains 2040 Living Sustainably. Local Strategic Planning Statement. March 2020; Blue Mountains City Council: Katoomba, Australia, 2020.
- Bogan Shire Council. Bogan Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Bogan Shire Council: Nyngan, Australia, 2020.
- Bourke Shire Council. Draft Heritage Strategy 2017–2019 [Adopted]; Bourke Shire Council: Bourke, Australia, 2017. Available online: https://bourke.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bp180122.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Bourke Shire Council. Draft Heritage Strategy 2019–2023 [Adopted]; Bourke Shire Council: Bourke, Australia, 2019. Available online: https://bourke.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/bp200525.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Shire of Bourke. Bourke Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Shire of Bourke: Bourke, Australia, 2020.
- Brewarrina Shire Council. Brewarrina Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Brewarrina Shire Council: Brewarrina, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://www.berriganshire.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/appendices-september-2014.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Brewarrina Shire Council. Blaney Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Brewarrina Shire Council: Brewarrina, Australia, 2020.
- Broken Hill City Council. Broken Hill Local Strategic Planning Statement (LSPS) 2020–2040; Broken Hill City Council: Broken Hill, Australia, 2020.
- Burwood Council. Burwood Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Burwood Shire Council: Burwood, Australia, 2020.
- Byron Shire Council. Byron Shire Heritage Strategy 2016–2019; Byron Shire Shire Council: Byron Bay, Australia, 2016. Available online: https://www.byron.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/hptrim/land-use-and-planning-planning-local-strategic-plan-statement-2019/local-strategic-planning-statement-final-endorsed-version.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Byron Shire Council. Byron Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020; Byron Shire Council: Byron Bay, Australia, 2020.
- Cabonne Council. Summary Heritage Strategy for Cabonne 2005–2008; Cabonne Council: Molong, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080722051621/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs_cabonne.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Cabonne Council. Cabonne Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Cabonne Council: Molong, Australia, 2020.
- Camden Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020 Camden Council; Camden Council: Oran Park, Australia, 2020.
- Campbelltown City Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Campbelltown. A 20 Year Land Use Vision for The City of Campbelltown to 2040; Campbelltown City Council: Campbelltown, Australia, 2021.
- City of Canada Bay. Local Strategic Planning Statement City of Canada Bay; City of Canada Bay: Drummoyne, Australia, 2020.
- City of Canterbury-Bankstown. Connective City 2036; City of Canterbury-Bankstown: Bankstown, Australia, 2020.
- Carrathool Shire Council. Carrathool Shire Council’s Local Strategic Planning Statement; Carrathool Shire Council: Carrathool, Australia, 2020.
- Wyong Shire Council. Wyong Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2012–2014; Wyong Shire Council: Wyong, Australia, 2013.
- Central Coast Council. Central Coast Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement. The Framework For a Growing Central Coast Region; Central Coast Council: Wyong, Australia, 2020.
- Central Darling Shire Council. Central Darling Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement; Central Darling Shire Council: Wilcannia, Australia, 2020.
- Cessnock City Council. Our Plan, Our Future, Our Cessnock. Local Strategic Planning Statement 2036; Cessnock City Council: Cessnock, Australia, 2020.
- Clarence Valley Council. Clarence Valley Council Local Strategic Planning Statement July 2020; Clarence Valley Council: Grafton, Australia, 2020.
- Cobar Shire Council. Cobar Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement; Cobar Shire Council: Cobar, Australia, 2020.
- Coffs Harbour City Council. Heritage Strategy for Coffs Harbour for 2017–2020; Coffs Harbour City Council: Coffs Harbour, Australia, 2017. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20211110125548/https://www.coffsharbour.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/your-council/publications/strategies/heritage-strategy-2017-2020.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Coffs Harbour City Council. Coffs Harbour Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Coffs Harbour City Council: Coffs Harbour, Australia, 2020.
- Coolamon Shire Council. Heritage Strategy for Coolamon Shire for 2011–2014; Coolamon Shire Council: Coolamon, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321120951/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Coolamon_Heritage_strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Coolamon Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement 2019–2039 Coolamon Shire; Coolamon Shire Council: Coolamon, Australia, 2019.
- Coonamble Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Coonamble Shire Council 2020; Coonamble Shire Council: Coonamble, Australia, 2020.
- Cootamundra-Gundagai Regional Council. Cootamundra-Gundagai Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Cootamundra-Gundagai Regional Council: Cootamundra, Australia, 2020.
- Cowra Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Cowra 2020; Cowra Shire Council: Cowra, Australia, 2020.
- Dubbo City Council. Dubbo City Council Heritage Strategy for the Period 2009–2011; Dubbo City Council: Dubbo, Australia, 2009. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20110329025614/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs08-11_Dubbo.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Dubbo Regional Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement June 2020 Dubbo Regional Council; Dubbo Regional Council: Dubbo, Australia, 2020.
- Dungog Shire Council. Moving Toward 2040. Dungog Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement; Dungog Shire Council: Dungog, Australia, 2020.
- Edward River Council. Edward River Council. Our Local Strategic Planning Statement February 2020; Edward River Council: Deniliquin, Australia, 2020.
- Eurobodalla Shire Council. Eurobodalla Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Eurobodalla Shire Council: Eurobodalla, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20150331160008/http://esc.nsw.gov.au/inside-council/community-and-future-planning/strategies/eurobodalla-heritage-strategy/Eurobodalla-Heritage-Strategy-2014-2017.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Eurobodalla Shire Council. Eurobodalla Heritage Strategy 2009–2011; Eurobodalla Shire Council: Eurobodalla, Australia, 2009. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20091019200142/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs08-11_Eurobodalla.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Eurobodalla Shire Council. Eurobodalla Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Eurobodalla Shire Council: Eurobodalla, Australia, 2020.
- Fairfield City Council. Fairfield City 2040. A Land Use Vision. Shaping a Diverse City. Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020; Fairfield City Council: Fairfield, Australia, 2020.
- Federation Council. Federation Council Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Federation Council: Corowa, Australia, 2020.
- Forbes Shire Council. The Forbes Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040; Forbes Shire Council: Forbes, Australia, 2020.
- Georges River Council. Georges River LSPS 2040. Local Strategic Planning Statement February 2020; Georges River Council: Hurstville, Australia, 2020.
- Gilgandra Shire Council. Gilgandra Shire Heritage Strategy 2015–2018; Gilgandra Shire Council: Gilgandra, Australia, 2015. Available online: https://www.gilgandra.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/planning-amp-environment/gilgandrashireheritagestrategy-2015_2018.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Gilgandra Shire Council. Gilgandra Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Gilgandra Shire Council: Gilgandra, Australia, 2020.
- Glen Innes Severn Council. Glen Innes Severn Council Local Strategic Planning Statement. A Strategic Land Use Vision to 2040; Glen Innes Severn Council: Glen Innes, Australia, 2020.
- Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Draft Goulburn Mulwaree Heritage Strategy 2019–2022 [Adopted]; Goulburn Mulwaree Council: Goulburn, Australia, 2019. Available online: https://www.goulburn.nsw.gov.au/files/content/public/development/environment-heritage/heritage/draft-heritage-strategy-2019-22.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Draft Goulburn Mulwaree Heritage Strategy 2006–2008 [Adopted]; Goulburn Mulwaree Council: Goulburn, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20070829150112/http://goulburn.local-e.nsw.gov.au/planning/1285/4659.html (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Draft Goulburn Mulwaree Heritage Strategy 2008–2011 [Adopted]; Goulburn Mulwaree Council: Goulburn, Australia, 2008. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20110221065318/http://goulburn.local-e.nsw.gov.au/planning/1285/4659.html (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Goulburn Mulwaree Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Goulburn Mulwaree Council: Goulburn, Australia, 2020.
- Greater Hume Council. Greater Hume Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Greater Hume Council: Culcairn, Australia, 2020.
- City of Griffith. Growing Griffith to 2045. Griffith Local Strategic Planning Statement September 2020; City of Griffith: Griffith, Australia, 2020.
- Gunnedah Shire. Gunnedah Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement Future 2040; Gunnedah Shire: Gunnedah, Australia, 2020.
- Gwydir Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement 2036; Gwydir Shire Council: Bingara, Australia, 2020.
- Hawkesbury City Council. Hawkesbury City Council 3 Year Heritage Strategy 2019–2021; Hawkesbury City Council: Windsor, Australia, 2018. Available online: https://www.hawkesbury.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/186449/Agenda.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Hawkesbury City Council. Hawkesbury City Council. 3 Year Heritage Strategy 2011/12–2013/14; Hawkesbury City Council: Windsor, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321123544/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Hawkesbury_Heritage_Strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Hawkesbury City Council. Shaping or Future. Hawkesbury Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Hawkesbury City Council: Windsor, Australia, 2020.
- Hay Shire Council. Hay Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Hay Shire Council: Hay, Australia, 2020.
- Hill Tops Council. Hill Tops 2024. Hill Tops Council Local Strategic Planning Statement (LSPS) 2020–2040; Hill Tops Council: Young, Australia, 2020.
- Young Shire Council. Young Shire Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Young Shire: Young, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20160512035632/http://www.young.nsw.gov.au/_literature_142916/Heritage_Strategy (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Hilltops Shire Council. Hilltops Heritage Strategy 2017–2020; Hilltops Shire Council: Young, Australia, 2017. Available online: https://www.hilltops.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Hilltops-Heritage-Strategy-2022-2025.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Hills Shire Council. Hills Future 2036. Local Strategic Planning Statement. The Hills Shire Council|October 2019; Hills Shire Council: Norwest, Australia, 2019.
- Hornsby Shire Council. Your Vision, Your Future. Hornsby Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020; Hornsby Shire Council: Hornsby, Australia, 2020.
- Inner West Council. Our Place Inner West. Local Strategic Planning Statement 20 March 2020; Inner West Council: Ashfield, Australia, 2020.
- Inverell Shire Council. Inverell Shire Council, Local Strategic Planning Statement 2036; Inverell Shire Council: Inverell, Australia, 2020.
- Junee Shire Council. Junee Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2008–2011; Junee Shire Council: Junee, Australia, 2008. Available online: https://www.junee.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Heritage_Strategy_JSC_08-11.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Junee Shire Council. Junee 2040 Local Strategic Planning Statement; Junee Shire Council: Junee, Australia, 2020.
- Kempsey Shire Council. Kempsey Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2011–2014; Kempsey Shire Council: Kempsey, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321115638/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Kempsey_Heritage_Strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Kempsey Shire Council. Future Macleay—Growth & Character Local Strategic Planning Statement; Kempsey Shire Council: Kempsey, Australia, 2020.
- Kiama Municipal Council. Kiama Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Kiama Municipal Council: Kiama, Australia, 2020.
- Ku-ring-gai Council. Ku-ring-gai Heritage Strategy August 2021; Ku-ring-gai Council: Gordon, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://www.krg.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/2/hptrim/information-management-publications-public-website-ku-ring-gai-council-website-urban-planning-and-policies/ku-ring-gai-heritage-strategy.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Lachlan Shire Council. Lachlan Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Lachlan Shire Council: Condobolin, Australia, 2020.
- Lake Macquarie City Council. Heritage Strategy for the City of Lake Macquarie; Lake Macquarie City Council: Lake Macquarie, Australia, 2017. Available online: https://www.lakemac.com.au/files/assets/public/v/1/hptrim/land-use-and-planning-programs-heritage-protection/heritage-strategy/lake-macquarie-city-heritage-strategy-2017.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Lake Macquarie City Council. Lake Macquarie City Shaping the Future Local Strategic Planning Statement; Lake Macquarie City: Speers Point, Australia, 2020.
- Lithgow City Council. Lithgow City Council Heritage Strategy for the Period 2011 –2014; Lithgow City Council: Lithgow, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321115643/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Lithgow_Heritage_Strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Leeton Shire Council. Leeton Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement June 2020; Leeton Shire Council: Leeton, Australia, 2020.
- Lismore Council. Heritage Policy. To Maintain and Enhance the Natural and Cultural Heritage Values of Lismore LGA; Lismore Council: Lismore, Australia. Available online: https://www.lismore.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/5.-council/6.-about-council/documents/plans-and-policies/g-l/heritage_policy.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Lismore City Council. Inspire Lismore 2040. Local Strategic Planning Statement; Lismore City Council: Lismore, Australia, 2020.
- Liverpool City Council. Heritage Policy; Liverpool City Council: Liverpool, Australia. Available online: https://www.liverpool.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/257184/Heritage-Policy-Final-Draft.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Liverpool Plains Shire Council. Liverpool Plains Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040; Liverpool Plains Shire Council: Quirindi, Australia, 2020.
- Lockhart Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Lockhart Shire Council: Lockhart, Australia, 2020.
- Maitland City Council. Maitland Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040+ The City’s Land Use Vision to 2040+; Maitland City Council: Maitland, Australia, 2020.
- Mid-Western Regional Council. Our Place 2040. Mid-Western Regional Local Strategic Planning Statement; Mid-Western Regional Council: Mudgee, Australia, 2020.
- MidCoast Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement September 2020; MidCoast Council: Taree, Australia, 2020.
- Moree Plains Shire Council. Moree Plains Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2008–2011; Moree Plains Shire Council: Moree, Australia, 2008. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120326035632/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/133122/20120326-1434/www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs08-11_Moree.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Moree Plains Shire Council. Moree Plains Local Strategic Planning Statement; Moree Plains Shire Council: Moree Plains, Australia, 2020.
- Mosman Council. Mosman Heritage Strategy; Mosman Council: Mosman, Australia, 2016. Available online: https://mosman.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-04/Mosman%20Heritage%20Strategy%20-%20May%202016.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Mosman City Council. Enhancing Mosman. Mosman Local Strategic Planning Statement; Mosman City Council: Mosman, Australia, 2020.
- Murray River Council. Murray River Local Strategic Planning Statement; Murray River Council: Moama, Australia, 2020.
- Murrumbidgee Council. Murrumbidgee Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Murrumbidgee Council: Darlington Point, Australia, 2020.
- Muswellbrook Shire. Muswellbrook Shire Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Muswellbrook Shire: Muswellbrook, Australia, 2014.
- Muswellbrook Shire Council. Muswellbrook Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040; Muswellbrook Shire Council: Muswellbrook, Australia, 2020.
- Nambucca Valley Council. Nambucca Valley Counil Local Strategic Planning Statement; Nambucca Valley Counil: Nambucca, Australia, 2020.
- Narrabri Shire Council. Heritage Policy; Narrabri Shire Council: Narrabri, Australia, 2022. Available online: https://www.narrabri.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/1.-your-council/policy-register/ecm_1432232_v7_heritage-policy-adopted-18-october-2022-minute-no-336-2022.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Narrabri Shire Council. Narrabri Local Strategic Planning Statement; Narrabri Shire Council: Narrabri, Australia, 2020.
- Narrandera Shire Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Narrandera Shire Council Ausgust 2020; Narrandera Shire Council: Narrandera, Australia, 2020.
- Narromine Shire Council. Narromine Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement June 2020; Narromine Shire Council: Narromine, Australia, 2020.
- City of Newcastle. Newcastle Heritage Policy; City of Newcastle: Newcastle, Australia, 2022. Available online: https://newcastle.nsw.gov.au/getmedia/38a5161a-60be-4d1a-b6fe-ed35c8c070f9/Policy-Newcastle-Heritage-version-3-November-2022 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- City of Newcastle. Heritage Strategy 2013–2017; City of Newcastle: Newcastle, Australia, 2013. Available online: https://web.archive.org.au/awa/20170317104715mp_/http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/getmedia/8dfbf07b-9eb1-4aab-913e-820ec7b41165/Heritage_Strategy_2013_2017.aspx (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- City of Newcastle. Planning Newcastle 2040: Global City, Local Character. Local Strategic Planning Statement; City of Newcastle: Newcastle, Australia, 2020.
- Manly Council. Manly Council’s Draft Heritage Strategy 2011–2014; Manly Council: Manly, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321121955/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Manly_Heritage_Strategy_2011-2014.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Northern Beaches Council. Towards 2040. Local Strategic Planning Statement Northern Beaches Council; Northern Beaches Council: Dee Why, Australia, 2020.
- Oberon City Council. Oberon Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040; Oberon City Council: Oberon, Australia, 2020.
- Orange City Council. Heritage Strategy 2011–2014; Orange Council: Orange, Australia, 2011.
- Orange City Council. Heritage Strategy 2013–2017; Orange Council: Orange, Australia, 2013.
- Orange City Council. Heritage Strategy 2014–2017; Orange Council: Orange, Australia, 2014.
- Orange City Council. Heritage Strategy 2018–2019; Orange Council: Orange, Australia, 2018.
- Orange City Council. Heritage Strategy 2006–2008; Orange Council: Orange, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080722051649/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs_orange.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Orange City Council. Orange Local Strategic Planning Statement; Orange City Council: Orange, Australia, 2020.
- Parkes Shire Council. Parkes Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Parkes Shire Council: Parkes, Australia, 2020.
- City of Parramatta. Local Strategic Planning Statement City Plan 2036; City of Parramatta: Parramatta, Australia, 2020.
- PenrithCity. Local Strategic Planning Statement. Planning for a Brighter Future March 2020; PenrithCity: Penrith, Australia, 2020.
- Hastings Council. Hastings Heritage Strategy 2003; Hastings Council: Hastings, UK, 2003. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080722051442/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs_port_macquarie_hastings.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Hastings Council. Hastings Heritage Strategy 2014; Hastings Council: Hastings, UK, 2014. Available online: https://web.archive.org.au/awa/20140212203959mp_/http://www.hastings.nsw.gov.au/www/html/677-heritage-strategy.asp (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Hastings Council. Heritage in the Hastings. Strategies and Actions, 2011–2015; Hastings Council: Hastings, UK, 2011.
- Port Stephens. Heritage Policy. Port Stephens Council’s Commitment to Ensuring Systems Are in Place to Assist in the Recognition, Protection, and Promotion of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Heritage in the Port Stephens Local Government Area (LGA); Port Stephens Council: Port Stephens, Australia, 2016. Available online: https://www.portstephens.nsw.gov.au/trim/policies?RecordNumber=21%2F271291 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Port Stephens Council. Port Stephens Local Strategic Planning Statement; Port Stephens Council: Port Stephens, Australia, 2020.
- Queanbeyan City Council. Three-Year Heritage Strategy 2006–2009; Queanbeyan City Council: Queanbeyan, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080722051415/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs_queanbeyan.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. Towards 2040, Local Strategic Planning Statement|July 2020; Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council: Queanbeyan, Australia, 2020.
- Randwick City Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement Randwick City Council Vison 2040; Randwick City Council: Randwick, Australia, 2020.
- Richmond Valley Council. Local Strategic Planning Statement: Beyond 20-20 Vision. A 20 Year Planning Vision for the Richmond Valley Local Government Area; Richmond Valley Council: Casino, Australia, 2020.
- City of Ryde. Planning Ryde. Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; City of Ryde: Ryde, Australia, 2020.
- Shellharbour City Council. Shellharbour City Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Shellharbour City Council: Shellharbour, Australia, 2020.
- Shellharbour City Council. Shellharbour City Council Heritage Strategy for the Ways 2008–2009 to 201/2011; Shellharbour City Council: Shellharbour, Australia, 2008.
- Shoalhaven Shire Council. Shoalhaven Heritage Strategy 2006–2008; Shoalhaven Shire Council: Shoalhaven, Australia, 2006. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20091028115606/http://www.brandshoalhaven.com.au/council/pubdocs/papers/2008/P&P%20W&F%20Dev/20080513%20DEV%20Attachments%20Pt%201.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Shoalhaven Shire Council. Shoalhaven Heritage Strategy 2008–2011; Shoalhaven Shire Council: Shoalhaven, Australia, 2008. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20110222060040/http://demo.shoalhaven.nsw.gov.au/gipaa/Publicinformation/Policydocuments.aspx (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Shoalhaven City Council. Shoalhaven 2040. Our Local Strategic Planning Statement September 2020; Shoalhaven City Council: Shoalhaven, Australia, 2020.
- Singleton Council. Singleton Council Local Strategic Planning Statement 2041; Singleton Council: Singleton, Australia, 2020.
- Snowy Monaro Regional Council. Snowy Monaro Regional Council Heritage Strategy 2021–2023; Snowy Monaro Regional Council: Cooma, Australia, 2021. Available online: https://www.snowymonaro.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/building-and-planning/heritage/documents/current-heritage-strategy-21-23.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Snowy River Shire Council. Snowy River Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2009–2011; Snowy River Shire Council: Berridale, Australia, 2009. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20110312031345/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/hs08-11_Snowy_River.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Snowy Monaro Regional Council. Snowy Monaro Local Strategic Planning Statement A Vision for a Sustainable High Quality Lifestyle in a Beautiful Environment; Snowy Monaro Regional Council: Cooma, Australia, 2020.
- Snowy Valleys Council. Envisage 2040: Our Path to a Sustainable Future. Local Strategic Planning Statement. Spatial Land Use Concepts; Snowy Valleys Council: Tumut, Australia, 2020.
- Sutherland Shire. Sutherland Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement; Sutherland Shire: Sutherland, Australia, 2020.
- Tamworth Regional Council. Tamworth Regional Blueprint 100, Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Tamworth Regional Council: Tamworth, Australia, 2020.
- Temora Shire Council. Heritage Strategy for Temora 2011–2014; Temora Shire Council: Temora, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321120955/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Temora_Heritage_Strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Temora Shire Council. Temora Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement; Temora Shire Council: Temora, Australia, 2020.
- Tenterfield Shire Council. Tenterfield Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2008–2012; Tenterfield Shire Council: Tenterfield, Australia, 2008. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20110312210313/http://www.tenterfield.nsw.gov.au/files/12519/File/HeritageStrategy2008-2012.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Tenterfield Shire Council. Tenterfield Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2011–2014; Tenterfield Shire Council: Tenterfield, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20140621131354/http://www.tenterfield.nsw.gov.au/images/documents/tenterfield/Planning/Heritage/tenterfield%20heritage%20strategy%202011%20-%202014.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Tenterfield Shire Council. Tenterfield Shire Council Heritage Strategy 2015–2018; Tenterfield Shire Council: Tenterfield, Australia, 2015. Available online: https://www.tenterfield.nsw.gov.au/content/uploads/2020/02/Tenterfield-Heritage-Strategy-2015-2018.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Tenterfield Shire Council. Tenterfield Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040; Tenterfield Shire Council: Tenterfield, Australia, 2020.
- Tweed Shire Council. Tweed Heritage Strategy 2020–2023; Tweed Shire Council: Murwillumbah, Australia, 2020. Available online: https://www.tweed.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/documents/community/heritage-and-history/tweed_heritage_strategy_2020_2023.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Tweed Shire Council. Tweed Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Tweed Shire Council: Tweed Heads, Australia, 2020.
- Upper Hunter Shire Council. Upper Hunter Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Upper Hunter Shire Council: Scone, Australia, 2020.
- Upper Lachlan Shire Council. Heritage Strategy 2021–2023; Upper Lachlan Shire Council: Condoblin, Australia, 2021.
- Upper Lachlan Council. Upper Lachlan Local Strategic Planning Statement June 2020; Upper Lachlan Shire Council: Crookwell, Australia, 2020.
- Uralla Shire Council. Uralla Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Uralla Shire Council: Uralla, Australia, 2020.
- Uralla Shire Council. Draft Uralla Shire 3 Year Heritage Strategy 2012/13–2014/15; Uralla Shire Council: Uralla, Australia, 2012.
- City of Wagga Wagga. Local Strategic Planning Statement Planning for the Future: Wagga Wagga 2040; City of Wagga Wagga: Wagga Wagga, Australia, 2021.
- Walcha Council. Sharing Our Heritage. Strategic Heritage Action Plan (2019–2029); Walcha Council: Walcha, Australia, 2019.
- Walcha Council. Walcha Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Walcha Shire Council: Walcha, Australia, 2020.
- Walgett Shire Council. Walgett Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Walgett Shire Council: Walgett, Australia, 2020.
- Warren Shire Council. Warren Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Warren Shire Council: Warren, Australia, 2020.
- Warrumbungle Shire Council. Warrumbungle Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Warrumbungle Shire Council: Coonabarabran, Australia, 2020.
- Weddin Shire Council. Strategic Heritage Plan 2011–2014; Weddin Shire Council: Grenfell, Australia, 2011. Available online: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120321120750/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/docs/incentives/heritage_management/Weddin_Heritage_Strategy_2011-14.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2024).
- Weddin Shire Council. Weddin Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020–2040. ‘Bringing Us Together—Sustaining Weddin into the Future.’ A 20-Year Vision to Guide Future Land Use Decisions for Weddin Shire to 2040; Weddin Shire Council: Grenfell, Australia, 2020.
- Wentworth Shire Council. Wentworth Shire Council Local Strategic Planning Statement; Wentworth Shire Council: Wentworth, Australia, 2020.
- Shire of Wentworth. Heritage Strategy for the Period 2011–2014; Shire of Wentworth: Wentworth, Australia, 2011.
- Willoughby City Council. Willoughby City Local Strategic Planning Statement; Willoughby City Council: Willoughby, Australia, 2020.
- Wingecarribee Shire Council. Wingecarribee Shire Heritage Strategy 2014–2027; Wingecarribee Shire Council: Moss Vale, Australia, 2014. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20200529080007/https://www.wsc.nsw.gov.au/uploads/2779/wingecarribee-heritage-strategy-2014-2017-adopted-9-april-2014.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Wingecarribee Shire Council. Wingecarribee 2040. Local Strategic Planning Statement March; Wingecarribee Shire Council: Moss Vale, Australia, 2020.
- Wollondilly Shire Council. Wollondilly 2040. Local Strategic Planning Statement March 2020 A Vision for the Future of Wollondilly; Wollondilly Shire Council: Picton, Australia, 2020.
- City of Wollongong. Draft Wollongong Heritage Strategy 2015–2017; City of Wollongong: Wollongong, Australia, 2015. Available online: https://our.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/16453/widgets/107246/documents/30134 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- City of Wollongong. Heritage Strategy 2019–2022; City of Wollongong: Wollongong, Australia, 2019. Available online: https://our.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/39717/widgets/217113/documents/108527 (accessed on 12 May 2024).
- Wollongong City Council. Wollongong Local Strategic Planning Statement; Wollongong City Council: Wollongong, Australia, 2020.
- Yass Valley Council. Yass Valley Council Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020; Yass Valley Council: Yass, Australia, 2020.
Indigenous Australian Heritage | European Heritage | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LGA Class | Priority | Mentioned | Silent | Priority | Mentioned | Silent | n |
Metropolitan | 12.00 | 68.00 | 20.00 | 32.00 | 68.00 | — | 25 |
Metropolitan Fringe | 22.22 | 55.56 | 22.22 | 55.56 | 44.44 | — | 9 |
Regional Town/City | 27.03 | 72.97 | — | 54.05 | 45.95 | — | 37 |
Large Rural | 21.43 | 69.05 | 9.52 | 38.10 | 61.90 | — | 42 |
Rural | 26.67 | 46.67 | 26.67 | 40.00 | 60.00 | — | 15 |
Knowing | Protecting | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heritage Study/Survey | Review/Update | CMP | ||||||
Ind. Austral. | European | Main Street | LEP | DCP | HCA Review | Council Owned | n | |
Metropolitan | 28.00 | 32.00 | 4.00 | 64.00 | 40.00 | 24.00 | 8.00 | 25 |
Metropolitan Fringe | 22.22 | 33.33 | — | 66.67 | 44.44 | 11.11 | 11.11 | 9 |
Regional Town/City | 54.05 | 27.03 | 5.41 | 75.68 | 48.65 | 40.54 | 10.81 | 37 |
Large Rural | 59.52 | 26.19 | 7.14 | 52.38 | 26.19 | 9.52 | 2.38 | 42 |
Rural | 26.67 | 46.67 | 6.67 | 60.00 | 20.00 | — | — | 15 |
All | 45.31 | 30.47 | 5.47 | 63.28 | 35.94 | 20.31 | 6.25 | 128 |
Strategy Plan | Tourism/ Interpr. | Promotion | Support | Adaptive Reuse | Disabled Access | n | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metropolitan | 16.00 | 24.00 | 4.00 | 32.00 | 16.00 | — | 25 |
Metropolitan Fringe | 33.33 | 22.22 | 11.11 | 22.22 | 22.22 | — | 9 |
Regional Town/City | 18.92 | 21.62 | — | 18.92 | 24.32 | 2.70 | 37 |
Large Rural | — | 30.95 | 4.76 | 23.81 | 28.57 | — | 42 |
Rural | 13.33 | 33.33 | 6.67 | 20.00 | 26.67 | — | 15 |
All | 12.50 | 26.56 | 3.91 | 23.44 | 24.22 | 0.78 | 128 |
Recent Strategy | All Time (2002–2024) | Councils | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Council Class | ≥2020 | ≥2024 | Strategy | Policy | Action Plan | (n) |
Metropolitan | 16.0 | — | 32.0 | 4.0 | 25 | |
Metropolitan Fringe | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 9 | ||
Regional Town/City | 40.5 | 29.7 | 62.2 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 37 |
Large Rural | 31.0 | 7.1 | 39.5 | 7.1 | 42 | |
Rural | 26.7 | 13.3 | 41.2 | 15 | ||
All Councils | 30.5 | 14.8 | 45.3 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 128 |
Community Type | Median | Avg. | Std. | Min. | Max. | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metropolitan | 4604 | 6200.8 | 4308.5 | 1946 | 12,441 | 5 |
Metropolitan Fringe | 3964 | 5208.5 | 4419.7 | 1383 | 11,524 | 4 |
Regional City | 2823 | 3986.8 | 4043.9 | 1005 | 14,817 | 18 |
Large Rural | 1383 | 1390.7 | 493.4 | 577 | 2013 | 13 |
Rural | 1139 | 4003.6 | 6488.4 | 969 | 15,609 | 5 |
Community Type | Median | Avg. | Std. | Min. | Max. | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metropolitan | 32.7 | 34.92 | 22.88 | 10.77 | 61.80 | 5 |
Metropolitan Fringe | 30.5 | 29.58 | 7.10 | 20.05 | 37.24 | 4 |
Regional City | 28.8 | 31.01 | 19.94 | 2.53 | 78.70 | 18 |
Large Rural | 16.7 | 15.48 | 7.08 | 4.92 | 26.51 | 13 |
Rural | 18.9 | 21.66 | 6.63 | 15.69 | 29.63 | 5 |
Metropolitan | Metropolitan Fringe | Regional Town/City | Large Rural | Rural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Purpose | 100 | 100 | 100 | 92.3 | 100 |
2. Background | 100 | 75.0 | 37.5 | — | 60.0 |
3. Council’s Heritage Vision Statement | — | 25.0 | 25.0 | — | — |
4. Strategy Context | 60.0 | 75.0 | 50.0 | — | 20.0 |
5. Heritage Challenges and Opportunities | 20.0 | — | 18.8 | — | 20.0 |
6. Heritage-related Achievements (*) | 60.0 | 50.0 | 18.8 | 7.7 | — |
7.1. Conceptual Area: Knowing | 80.0 | 100 | 87.5 | 92.3 | 100 |
7.2. Conceptual Area: Protecting | 80.0 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
7.3. Conceptual Area: Supporting | 80.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 100 | 100 |
7.4. Concept. Area: Communicating and Promoting | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
8. Implementation | 40.0 | 75.0 | 18.8 | 7.7 | 20.0 |
average total score | 65.5 | 72.7 | 59.1 | 45.5 | 56.4 |
n | 5 | 4 | 16 | 13 | 5 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Spennemann, D.H.R. When Local Governments Plan to Give Their Past a Future: A State-Wide Analysis of Heritage Strategy Documents in New South Wales (Australia). Land 2024, 13, 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111955
Spennemann DHR. When Local Governments Plan to Give Their Past a Future: A State-Wide Analysis of Heritage Strategy Documents in New South Wales (Australia). Land. 2024; 13(11):1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111955
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpennemann, Dirk H. R. 2024. "When Local Governments Plan to Give Their Past a Future: A State-Wide Analysis of Heritage Strategy Documents in New South Wales (Australia)" Land 13, no. 11: 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111955
APA StyleSpennemann, D. H. R. (2024). When Local Governments Plan to Give Their Past a Future: A State-Wide Analysis of Heritage Strategy Documents in New South Wales (Australia). Land, 13(11), 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111955