An Evaluation System to Optimize the Management of Interventions in the Historic Center of Florence World Heritage Site: From Building Preservation to Block Refurbishment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Threats
2.2. Cultural Heritage Assessment Tools
2.3. Projects to Safeguard the Historic Center of Florence
- Drafting and monitoring the Management Plan required by the World Heritage Convention in order to promote the conservation, enhancement, and sustainable Management of the Historic Center of Florence;
- Activation and coordination of effective links between public and private actors and stakeholders operating in the Historic Center of Florence;
- Concerted identification of guidelines and joint action projects to be included in the Management Plan and verification of their progress; co-ordination of the management of the funding allocated to the Management Plan and the related Action Plan;
- Periodic reporting on the state of conservation of the Historic Center and changes to the Management Plan and Action Plan;
- Organization of cultural initiatives and celebrations of centenaries related to the historical identity of the city of Florence;
- Promotion, realization, and coordination of studies and research on the history of the city, the territory, and the monumental heritage;
- Implementation and monitoring of projects financed by Law No. 77 of 20 February 2006 ‘Special measures for the protection and enjoyment of Italian sites of cultural, landscape and environmental interest included in the “World Heritage List”, under the protection of UNESCO;
- Consolidation, through specific projects, of transnational cooperation and collaborations between the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and the sister cities of Florence;
- Collaboration in projects aimed at strengthening the management skills of public bodies and associations in the management of World Heritage List sites.
- Verification of the coherence of the project, both with respect to the mission of the site and with respect to the maintenance of its OUV (verification carried out during the selection phase of strategic projects);
- Checks the progress of projects, establishes monitoring indicators, and verifies whether the project objectives are achieved on time.
- Maintenance and prevention: the monitoring of interventions carried out on the architectural heritage makes it possible to schedule future inspections or interventions, setting alarms when the maximum time between one inspection and the next is exceeded;
- Management of cities of art: it is possible to know the economic needs for maintenance and restoration work on building facades;
- Planning: it is possible to know and visualize intervention priorities in order to consciously plan maintenance actions;
- Urban decoration: the chromatic survey of backgrounds, cornices, and plinths makes it possible to develop appropriate methodologies for the conservation and enhancement of building façades with the identification of color matrices and palettes, and textural prototypes.
2.4. About the Method
- The answer to each question has more than one component requiring different evaluation methods;
- An attempt is made to increase the accuracy and consistency of the results;
- There are several steps in the evaluation process and the results obtained by one method are useful for the next steps.
- Definition of a degradation index (DID) specific for elevations and roofs, referring to each building as a stand-alone;
- Creation of an opportunity matrix (DMO) that relates possible interventions on the elevations and roofs of the buildings constituting a block.
- Definition of the degradation index for elevations and roofs (DID)—referring to individual buildings.
- 2.
- Definition of the opportunity matrix (DMO)—consider the set of buildings related to each other.
3. Results
3.1. Step 1—Calculation of Roof and Elevation Degradation Index
3.1.1. Kd Factor
3.1.2. Calculation Factor Kc
3.1.3. Idtot Calculation
3.1.4. Definition of the Operational Connection Matrix
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Area where the storage of construction materials and means of construction must take place. It must be located within the construction site in open areas allowing easy access for the means of unloading materials and must not be in the way of other work on the construction site. It must also be a common area and connected to both buildings being worked on. |
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Idtot = 0 | Level 0 | No degradation |
0 < Idtot | Level 1 | Good condition |
4 < Idtot | Level 2 | Light degradation |
8 < Idtot | Level 3 | Moderate degradation |
12 < Idtot | Level 4 | Widespread degradation |
Light | Medium | Severe | Extremely Severe |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Discoloration Dripping Graffito Spot Patina | Biological patina Surface deposit Efflorescence Scaling Concretion | Alveolization Differential degradation Disintegration Erosion Fracturing Rising front Pulverizing | Deformation Detachment Exfoliation Swelling |
1, 2: no loss of material | 3, 4: loss of material |
Degradation | Loss of Material | Intervention Category | Intervention Procedure for Stone Materials | Intervention Costs for Stone Materials | Intervention Procedure for Wood Materials | Intervention Cost for Wood Materials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Discoloration, Dripping, Graffito, Spot, Patina | No | Simple cleaning | Cleaning with low-pressure deionized water | EUR 58.98/mq | Cleaning for loose dirt | EUR 57.98/mq |
Concretion, Scaling, Surface deposit, Efflorescence, Biological Patina | No | Complex cleaning | Cleaning with compresses and tools | EUR 61.98/mq | Cleaning with a tool | EUR 64.84/mq |
Alveolization, Differential Degradation, Disintegration, Erosion, Fracturing, Rising front, Pulverizing | Yes | Integration | 1. Removal of non-compatible parts 2. Surface cleaning 3. Stone element grouting 4. Finishing | EUR 215,35/mq | Integrations of wooden parts without inlays or decoration | EUR 53.67/mq |
Deformation, Detachment, Exfoliation, Swelling | Yes | Consolidation | EUR 480,88/mq | Consolidation of an unpainted wooden structure | EUR 139.75/mq |
Intervention Category | Stone | Wood |
---|---|---|
No intervention | 0 | 0 |
Simple cleaning | 0.18 | 0.48 |
Complex cleaning | 0.22 | 0.54 |
Material integration | 0.76 | 0.45 |
Material consolidation | 1.71 | 1.16 |
Material replacement | 1 (280.81 €/mq) | 1 (119.98 €/mq) |
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Acampa, G.; Battisti, F.; Grasso, M. An Evaluation System to Optimize the Management of Interventions in the Historic Center of Florence World Heritage Site: From Building Preservation to Block Refurbishment. Land 2023, 12, 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040726
Acampa G, Battisti F, Grasso M. An Evaluation System to Optimize the Management of Interventions in the Historic Center of Florence World Heritage Site: From Building Preservation to Block Refurbishment. Land. 2023; 12(4):726. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040726
Chicago/Turabian StyleAcampa, Giovanna, Fabrizio Battisti, and Mariolina Grasso. 2023. "An Evaluation System to Optimize the Management of Interventions in the Historic Center of Florence World Heritage Site: From Building Preservation to Block Refurbishment" Land 12, no. 4: 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040726
APA StyleAcampa, G., Battisti, F., & Grasso, M. (2023). An Evaluation System to Optimize the Management of Interventions in the Historic Center of Florence World Heritage Site: From Building Preservation to Block Refurbishment. Land, 12(4), 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040726