Contributions of Social Media to the Recognition, Assessment, Conservation, and Communication of Spanish Post-Industrial Landscapes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- -
- What is meant by industrial post-industrial landscapes with regard to the different agents involved?
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- Could social media lead to a proactive role in the re-activation of these landscapes to foster the interaction of all involved agents?
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- Can user-generated content contribute to the identification of morphological, esthetic, or sociocommunity parameters that suggest guidelines for articulating processes of obsolete industrial landscapes valorization?
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- What presence do memory and historical elements of landscape, both geographical and anthropic, have on social media?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling 1
2.2. Sampling 2
2.3. Sampling 3
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- the differences among the three selected profiles;
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- what are the most common variables;
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- the differences in criteria and content between the different social media platforms.
3. Results
3.1. Sampling #1
3.2. Sampling #2
3.3. Sampling #3
3.4. Synthesis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters for Characterizing the Landscape | Associated Subparameters |
---|---|
Morphological analysis (Identification of elements) Territorial/urban/architectural/ infrastructures/populations/facilities/historical/geomorphology/ environmental problems | Architecture Town planning Heritage (authenticity, integrity) Delimitation Environmental problems |
Esthetic–perceptive (Qualitative assessment, from experts or users) Monumental/anti-monumental/degraded/presence of stereotypes | Esthetic interest Scale Historicity |
Social (Assessment of the work memory, experts or users) Intangible heritage/perception of local population and users/ landscape as economic resource/tourism | Sense of identity Collective memory Personal experiences Functionality Documentary contributions Tourist resources Distortion or commodification Critical reactions to transformation or rehabilitation of heritage elements |
Industry or Productive Space | State | Location | Company Town | State | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
INI—Instituto Nacional de Industria (National Institute of Industry) | Active | Urban (Madrid) | Parque Marqués de Suances. Canillejas (Madrid) | Inhabited | Periurban |
ENASA—Empresa Nacional de Autocamiones (National Truck Company) | Active | Periurban (Madrid) | Ciudad Pegaso. Barajas (Madrid) | Inhabited | Periurban |
ENDESA—Empresa Nacional de Elecrtricidad, SA (National Electricity Company) | Undergoing decarbonization | Rural (León–Aragón–Galicia–Almería) | Compostilla. Ponferrada (León) | Inhabited | Periurban |
ENSIDESA—Empresa Nacional Siderdúrgica, SA (National Steel Company) | Active | Periurban (Asturias) | Llaranes. Áviles (Asturias) | Inhabited | Periurban |
Minas de Rodalquilar (Rodalquilar Mines) | Abandoned | Rural (Almería) | El Arteal. Níjar (Almería) | Abandoned | Rural |
ENCASUR—Empresa Nacional Carbonífera del Sur (National Company of Coal from the South) | Decommissioned and environmentally restored | Rural (Ciudad Real–Córdoba) | Poblado Asdrúbal (Puertollano–Ciudad Real) | Abandoned | Periurban |
Post-Industrial Landscape | Industrial Landscape | Industrial Heritage | Post-Industrial Heritage | |
---|---|---|---|---|
41–1000 | 103–1000 | 14,000 | 0 | |
34 | 109 | 191 | 9 | |
8 | 2327 | 26,995 | 0 |
Ministry of Culture and Sport | |
@culturagob (2248 publications) | @culturagob (23 million tweets) |
Trade unionist Marcelino Camacho’s archive Mining loading dock at Almeria—Cable Inglés (Enlisted) Ribeira Sacra reservoir (Enlisted) Image of planes from the National Film Archive San Isidro suspension bridge of Fraga (×2) | Médulas, Almadén, and UNESCO sites (Enlisted) Royal Glass Factory of Segovia (Enlisted) La Mancha windmill picture |
Spanish Institute of Cultural Heritage (IPCE) | |
No social media account | @ipcepatrimonio (9665 tweets) |
IPCE Industrial heritage conference Budapest Bridge San Sebastián-Donosti Channel of Castille (×2) (Enlisted) Contemporary industrial architecture of Asturias River Tinto Mines (Enlisted) Royal Glass Factory of the Segovia Royal Tapestry Factory (Enlisted) IPCE Dockyards and maritime heritage conference Vizcaya truss bridge (Enlisted) 20th century agricultural settlements—Docomomo Ibérico Cinema at Madrid—Palace of Music | |
Cultural Heritage Service of Castille & León Regional Government | |
@patrimoniojcyl (202 publications) | @patrimoniojcyl (1886 tweets) |
Chanel of Castille (×2) (Enlisted) Vallejo de Orbó company town (Photographs of Bustiello (Asturias) company town) Textile industry of Salamanca Las Médulas (×2) (enlisted) | 1st meeting on mining landscapes of Castille and León Precautionary suspension of the demolition of Compostilla II power plant Sargentes de Lora Oil Museum (Enlisted) Barruelo de Santullán coal mine Mining heritage of León didactic units for scholars Lords of Eresma water mill (Enlisted) Aceñas (water mills) on Duero River in Zamora Channel of Castille (×2) (Enlisted) Navafria Ironworks (Enlisted) Rubagon collieries Castille & León mining monuments (Enlisted) Industrial Heritage Route in El Bierzo |
Tourism Service of the Principality of Asturias Regional Government | |
@ turismoasturias (3449 publications) | @ turismoasturias (29.1 million tweets) |
Watermill (×6) Peñafura mines Pozu Espinu—coal mine shaft (Enlisted) Mining Museum of Asturias (×2) Pozu Samuño—coal mine shaft (×3) (Enlisted) Taramundi Ironworks (×5) (Enlisted) Pozo Sotón—coal mine shaft (Enlisted) Smith work Asturias Iron and Steel Museum Niemeyer Cultural Centre (×2) | Path route close to Pozo Espinu—coal mine shaft (×2) (Enlisted) Industrial warehouses of the Universidad Laboral de Gijón Rioseco company town and Texeo mines Mina Pozo Sotón—coal mine shaft (×3) (Enlisted) Industrial Heritage Route in Asturias Iron Heritage Route in Lluanco Museums and industrial tourism Mining Museum of Asturias (×2) Bustiello company town (Enlisted) |
Department of Tourism, Culture, and Sport of the Andalucian Regional Government | |
@turismoand (1170 publications) | @TurismoAND (40,900 tweets) |
Industrial Tourism Innovation Forum Rodalquilar Mines (Enlisted) Riotinto Mines (Enlisted) Mining loading dock in Huelva | Riotinto minig park (Enlisted) Tuna fishing gear |
Department of Culture, Tourism, and Sport of the Community of Madrid Regional Government | |
@patrimoniocm (1112 publications) | @PatrimonioCM (17.4 million tweets) |
Old taxi photography El Aguila brewery (×7) (Enlisted) Oil station Fulling mill of Colmenar Viejo El Gasco Dam Delicias Train Station (Enlisted) Undeground Services—Pacifico power station (Enlisted) | Atazar reservoir Old taxi photography El Aguila brewery (×7) Silo’s photography in PhotoEspaña Contest Paper Factory—Photography of serie PELO Plaza Castilla water tank Petrol station on Aragon Road no. 388 (Enlisted) Delicias Station (Enlisted)—archived photography |
Personal Profile | Academic Profile | Institutional Profile |
---|---|---|
@ALEJAND38485481, 17 May 2022 If they put it in, why do they put it in? The megaphone is good for everything. Look, I see you chained yourself to a windmill when you were 90 years old. | @McMulligan3, 2 June 2022 This is yet another chapter in the destruction of Aragon’s industrial heritage, in which neither Endesa nor the General Directorate of Heritage were able to keep up with their workers or the specialists who guaranteed their conservation and the assignment of new uses. | @ENDESA. 13 May 2022 This is the blasting of the 3 cooling towers of the Andorra thermal power plant, #Teruel. A historic step toward #FairEnergeticTransition in Spain. |
Assigned variables | ||
Critical reactions Environmental impact Documentary contributions Collective memory | Assessment of expert Perception of the local population Intangible heritage Collective memory | Morphological analysis Infrastructures Facilities Environmental issues |
Expert profile | NGO/association/club profile | Institutional profile |
@javirevilla, 24 November 2022 This is excellent news and as such it is to be applauded. Heritage is defended and the institution responsible for it is the @jcyl. Congratulations on this decision that safeguards our #IndustrialHeritage. | @BierzoYa, 24 November 2022 Bierzo Ya requests to the Junta the declaration BIC of the towers and chimneys of Compostilla II [link] Are these elements difficult to forget or to protect? BIERZO YA | @patrimoniojcyl, 24 November 2022 The @jcyl agreed today the precautionary suspension of the demolition of the 4 towers of the Compostilla power plant, located in Cubillos del Sil #León, and initiated proceedings toward its declaration as an Asset of Cultural Interest with the category of industrial property. |
Assigned variables | ||
Assessment of expert Heritage Historicity Scale | Perception of local populations Collective memory Historicity Functionality | Assessment of expert Heritage Esthetic interest Functionality |
Personal profile | NGO/association/club profile | Institutional profile |
@J_Merino_B, 6 February 2021 The channel and tower (former fire station) on the front page of ABC still exists. ENSIDESA veterans tell Hollywood movie stories about the explosion. | @Patrimoniu_Ind, 30 November 2022 Do you know who were the architects who designed the Llaranes settlement, a residential complex comprising more than 1000 dwellings inhabited by workers, foremen and other professionals from the ENSIDESA factory? Find out via this link | @UPCTnoticias, 11 November 2019 The Cloud Factory, an environmental regeneration project in a post-industrial landscape. The final degree project of the Asturian architect Daniel Suárez seeks to transform the urban façade of Avilés. |
Assigned variables | ||
Collective memory Personal experiences Historicity Functionality | Assessment of expert Architecture Town planning Esthetic interest | Urban design Architecture Functionality Esthetic interest |
NGO/association/club profile | NGO/association/club profile | Personal profile |
@greenpeace_esp, 21 December 2022 This factory of climate change and health damage is already in the history. The demolition of the Meirama thermal power station will mark a before and after, as a symbol of coal burning disappears. | @apatrigal, 21 December 2022 Under the ideological flag of the false environmentalism of the @mitecogob (Ministry of Ecological Transition) our industrial heritage is being destroyed, causing an ecological footprint that we are not being told about. | @devatrannquila, 24 December 2022 One other example of an interesting intervention of historic industrial buildings. The intervention at La Vega factory could take reference from many of them. |
Assigned variables | ||
Morphological analysis Environmental problems Personal experiences Historicity | Heritage Sense of identity Collective memory Critical reactions | Personal experiences Architecture Town planning Critical reactions |
# | (# Similar) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
National Institute of Industry | 12–1000 | 4 | – | (>40) * |
Parque Marqués de Suances | >100 | 23 | 8 | 90–100 |
ENSIDESA | 68–1000 | 653 | >23 | 162 |
Llaranes | 79–1000 | 1000 | >78 | >500 |
ENASA | <1000 | 1429 | – | 60 |
Ciudad Pegaso | 44–1000 | 594 | 9 | 80–100 |
Rodalquilar | >1000 | 21,000 | 2418 | 90–100 |
El Arteal | 7–1000 | 37 | – | 5 |
ENCASUR | 22–1000 | 11 | – | 77 |
Poblado Asdrúbal | (4) * | (14) * | – | (62) * |
ENDESA | 19,000 | 15,000 | – | >100 |
Compostilla | 200–1000 | 970 | 47 | 120 |
CT. Compostilla II | >100 | 100–1000 | 7 |
CT. Andorra | >100 | 100–1000 | 14 |
# | (P) | (D) | (IP) | (RS) | (M) | (U) | (A) | (Di) | (RU) | (RN) | (H) | (O) | Visible | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ENSIDESA | 626 | 16 | 31 | 138 | 34 | 15 | 47 | 45 | 6 | 29 | 40 | 401 | ||
Llaranes | 1012 | 21 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 164 | 42 | 1 | 12 | 315 | 579 | ||
ENASA | 1429 | 6 | 123 | 2 | 1 | 650 | 21 | 18 | 2 | 2 | 181 | 1006 | ||
Ciudad Pegaso | 586 | 13 | 47 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 72 | 22 | 35 | 142 | 339 | |||
Compostilla II | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |||||||||
Rodalquilar | 21,105 | 1 | 3 | 89 | 1 | 20 | 15 | 61 | 1 | 1642 | 1833 | |||
Compostilla | 953 | 18 | 18 | 56 | 2 | 2 | 65 | 20 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 547 | 756 |
El Arteal | 36 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 22 | 36 | ||||||||
ENCASUR | 12 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 12 | |||||||
P. Asdrúbal | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 14 | |||||||
Inst. Nac. Ind. | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||
Parque Suances | 23 | 5 | 1 | 17 | 23 |
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Layuno Rosas, Á.; Magaz-Molina, J. Contributions of Social Media to the Recognition, Assessment, Conservation, and Communication of Spanish Post-Industrial Landscapes. Land 2023, 12, 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020374
Layuno Rosas Á, Magaz-Molina J. Contributions of Social Media to the Recognition, Assessment, Conservation, and Communication of Spanish Post-Industrial Landscapes. Land. 2023; 12(2):374. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020374
Chicago/Turabian StyleLayuno Rosas, Ángeles, and Jorge Magaz-Molina. 2023. "Contributions of Social Media to the Recognition, Assessment, Conservation, and Communication of Spanish Post-Industrial Landscapes" Land 12, no. 2: 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020374
APA StyleLayuno Rosas, Á., & Magaz-Molina, J. (2023). Contributions of Social Media to the Recognition, Assessment, Conservation, and Communication of Spanish Post-Industrial Landscapes. Land, 12(2), 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020374