Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Total soil carbon, TSC (Biotic + Abiotic) = Soil organic carbon, SOC (Biotic) + Soil inorganic carbon, SIC (Abiotic) | ||
---|---|---|
Biotic | Abiotic | |
Soil organic matter (SOM) of <2 mm particle size fraction | Soil organic carbon (SOC) | Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) |
- Fresh residue, decomposing organic matter, stable organic matter (humus), and living organisms. or - “Continuum of organic material in all stages of transformation and decomposition or stabilization [12].” | - Carbon fraction of soil organic matter of <2 mm particle size fraction. | - Carbon fraction of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) of <2 mm particle size fraction. |
Conversion (using Van Bemmelen factor of 0.58 or 1.724): SOM (%) = SOC (%) × 1.724 or SOC (%) = SOM (%) × 0.58 [13] | Conversion: CaCO3 (%) = SIC (%) × 100/12 or SIC (%) = CaCO3 (%) × 0.12 | |
Pathways to increased C sequestration: Additions of organic matter (e.g., compost additions, etc.); land/agricultural management (e.g., no-till operations, land conservation, etc.); afforestation, etc. [6,7]. | Pathways to increased C sequestration: Additions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations outside the soil (e.g., atmospheric deposition, etc.) [14]. |
2. Materials and Methods
The Accounting Framework
Biophysical Accounts (Science-Based) | Administrative Accounts (Boundary-Based) | Monetary Account(s) | Benefit(s) | Total Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Soil extent: | Administrative extent: | Ecosystem good(s) and service(s): | Sector: | Types of value: |
Separate constitute stock 1: Soil organic carbon (SOC) | ||||
Separate constitute stock 2: Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) | ||||
Composite (total) stock: Total soil carbon (TSC) = Soil organic carbon (SOC) + Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) | ||||
Environment: | The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) and avoided emissions: | |||
- Soil order | - State - Region - County | - Regulating (e.g., carbon sequestration) | - Carbon sequestration | - $46 per metric ton of CO2 (2007 U.S. dollars with an average discount rate of 3% [16]) |
3. Results
3.1. Storage and Value of SOC by County, Region, and Soil Order for the State of South Carolina (U.S.A.)
3.2. Storage and Value of SIC by County, Region, and Soil Order for the State of South Carolina (U.S.A.)
3.3. Storage and Value of TSC (SOC + SIC) by County, Region, and Soil Order for the State of South Carolina (U.S.A.)
4. Discussion
Soil Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slight <------------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development ----------------------> Strong | ||||||
Slightly Weathered 18% | Moderately Weathered 9% | Strongly Weathered 72% | ||||
Entisols 9% | Inceptisols 9% | Histosols 1% | Alfisols 9% | Mollisols 0% | Spodosols 2% | Ultisols 70% |
The social cost of soil organic carbon (SOC) in USD: $107.14B | ||||||
$9.11B | $10.30B | $11.20B | $8.82B | $524.00M | $2.82B | $64.30B |
9% | 10% | 10% | 8% | 0% | 3% | 60% |
The social cost of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in USD: $17.22B | ||||||
$5.53B | $5.91B | $195.00M | $5.00B | $444.00M | $136.00M | $0 |
32% | 34% | 1% | 29% | 3% | 1% | 0% |
The social cost of total soil carbon (TSC) in USD: $124.36B | ||||||
$14.60B | $16.20B | $11.40B | $13.80B | $968.00M | $2.95B | $64.30B |
12% | 13% | 9% | 11% | 1% | 2% | 52% |
Sensitivity to climate change | ||||||
Low | Low | High | High | High | Low | Low |
Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration (recarbonization) potential | ||||||
Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Glossary
ED | Ecosystem disservices |
ES | Ecosystem services |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
SC-CO2 | Social cost of carbon emissions |
SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
SOC | Soil organic carbon |
SIC | Soil inorganic carbon |
SOM | Soil organic matter |
SSURGO | Soil Survey Geographic Database |
TSC | Total soil carbon |
USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
U.S.A. | United States of America |
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County (Region) | Total Area (km2) (Rank) | Slight <------------------ Degree of Weathering and Soil Development -------------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Area (km2) | ||||||||
Anderson | 1841 (14) | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1739 |
Cherokee | 1012 (44) | 118 | 94 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 700 |
Greenville | 1916 (11) | 108 | 166 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1642 |
Oconee | 1620 (23) | 37 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1527 |
Pickens | 1257 (35) | 39 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1163 |
Spartanburg | 1881 (12) | 8 | 161 | 0 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 1635 |
Union | 1322 (32) | 74 | 61 | 0 | 364 | 0 | 0 | 823 |
(Upstate) | 10,849 (4) | 486 | 593 | 0 | 541 | 0 | 0 | 9229 |
Abbeville | 1269 (34) | 52 | 38 | 0 | 401 | 0 | 0 | 778 |
Aiken | 2758 (4) | 445 | 213 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2084 |
Chester | 1493 (25) | 60 | 82 | 0 | 570 | 6 | 0 | 775 |
Edgefield | 1289 (33) | 101 | 56 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 1071 |
Fairfield | 1683 (20) | 1 | 175 | 0 | 585 | 0 | 0 | 922 |
Greenwood | 1171 (38) | 0 | 116 | 0 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 720 |
Kershaw | 1871 (13) | 383 | 161 | 20 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 1260 |
Lancaster | 1409 (30) | 53 | 151 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 1143 |
Laurens | 1837 (15) | 125 | 19 | 0 | 351 | 0 | 0 | 1342 |
Lexington | 1756 (17) | 454 | 86 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 10 | 1170 |
Newberry | 1621 (22) | 70 | 64 | 0 | 278 | 0 | 0 | 1209 |
Richland | 1827 (16) | 163 | 360 | 8 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1277 |
Saluda | 1170 (39) | 19 | 83 | 0 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 991 |
York | 1753 (18) | 5 | 134 | 0 | 577 | 0 | 0 | 1037 |
(Midlands) | 22,899 (1) | 1931 | 1738 | 31 | 3404 | 6 | 10 | 15,779 |
Chesterfield | 2053 (9) | 173 | 655 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1202 |
Clarendon | 1566 (24) | 39 | 192 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1329 |
Darlington | 1442 (28) | 36 | 258 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1138 |
Dillon | 1040 (42) | 91 | 128 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 794 |
Florence | 2046 (10) | 97 | 224 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1723 |
Georgetown | 2064 (8) | 351 | 274 | 57 | 409 | 0 | 115 | 858 |
Horry | 2888 (1) | 252 | 431 | 64 | 287 | 0 | 330 | 1524 |
Lee | 1058 (40) | 29 | 131 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 897 |
Marion | 1241 (36) | 107 | 286 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 772 |
Marlboro | 1230 (37) | 75 | 269 | 81 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 786 |
Sumter | 1694 (19) | 9 | 350 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1329 |
Williamsburg | 2400 (6) | 25 | 209 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2163 |
(Pee Dee) | 20,722 (3) | 1284 | 3407 | 252 | 741 | 0 | 523 | 14,515 |
Allendale | 1055 (41) | 25 | 101 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 923 |
Bamberg | 1018 (44) | 126 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 3 | 847 |
Barnwell | 1416 (29) | 78 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 |
Beaufort | 1402 (31) | 698 | 34 | 6 | 40 | 23 | 210 | 391 |
Berkeley | 2809 (3) | 145 | 208 | 23 | 409 | 0 | 137 | 1887 |
Calhoun | 748 (46) | 66 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 656 |
Charleston | 2317 (7) | 765 | 332 | 0 | 727 | 0 | 273 | 220 |
Colleton | 2677 (5) | 280 | 49 | 88 | 140 | 85 | 109 | 1,926 |
Dorchester | 1455 (26) | 274 | 17 | 1 | 280 | 0 | 30 | 853 |
Hampton | 1443 (27) | 136 | 87 | 3 | 101 | 0 | 40 | 1076 |
Jasper | 1669 (21) | 318 | 58 | 57 | 246 | 116 | 24 | 850 |
McCormick | 921 (45) | 64 | 65 | 0 | 247 | 0 | 0 | 545 |
Orangeburg | 2844 (2) | 73 | 18 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 1 | 2,727 |
(Low Country) | 21,774 (2) | 3048 | 1134 | 184 | 2256 | 224 | 827 | 14,101 |
Totals | 76,252 | 6749 | 6872 | 475 | 6942 | 230 | 1360 | 53,624 |
Soil Order | SOC Content | SIC Content | TSC Content | SOC Value | SIC Value | TSC Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum–Midpoint–Maximum Values | Midpoint Values | |||||
(kg m−2) | (kg m−2) | (kg m−2) | ($ m−2) | ($ m−2) | ($ m−2) | |
Slightly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | 1.8–8.0–15.8 | 1.9–4.8–8.4 | 3.7–12.8–24.2 | 1.35 | 0.82 | 2.17 |
Inceptisols | 2.8–8.9–17.4 | 2.5–5.1–8.4 | 5.3–14.0–25.8 | 1.50 | 0.86 | 2.36 |
Histosols | 63.9–140.1–243.9 | 0.6–2.4–5.0 | 64.5–142.5–248.9 | 23.62 | 0.41 | 24.03 |
Moderately Weathered | ||||||
Alfisols | 2.3–7.5–14.1 | 1.3–4.3–8.1 | 3.6–11.8–22.2 | 1.27 | 0.72 | 1.99 |
Mollisols | 5.9–13.5–22.8 | 4.9–11.5–19.7 | 10.8–25.0–42.5 | 2.28 | 1.93 | 4.21 |
Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Spodosols | 2.9–12.3–25.5 | 0.2–0.6–1.1 | 3.1–12.9–26.6 | 2.07 | 0.10 | 2.17 |
Ultisols | 1.9–7.1–13.9 | 0.0–0.0–0.0 | 1.9–7.1–13.9 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 1.20 |
County (Region) | Total Storage (kg) (Rank) | Slight <------------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development -------------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Total Storage (kg) | ||||||||
Anderson | 1.32 × 1010 (19) | 8.16 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.23 × 1010 |
Cherokee | 7.50 × 109 (43) | 9.44 × 108 | 8.37 × 108 | 0 | 7.50 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 4.97 × 109 |
Greenville | 1.40 × 1010 (15) | 8.64 × 108 | 1.48 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.17 × 1010 |
Oconee | 1.16 × 1010 (28) | 2.96 × 108 | 4.98 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.08 × 1010 |
Pickens | 9.06 × 109 (37) | 3.12 × 108 | 4.90 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.26 × 109 |
Spartanburg | 1.37 × 1010 (16) | 6.40 × 107 | 1.43 × 109 | 0 | 5.78 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.16 × 1010 |
Union | 9.71 × 109 (34) | 5.92 × 108 | 5.43 × 108 | 0 | 2.73 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 5.84 × 109 |
(Upstate) | 7.87× 1010 (4) | 3.89× 109 | 5.28× 109 | 0 | 4.06× 109 | 0 | 0 | 6.55× 1010 |
Abbeville | 9.29 × 109 (36) | 4.16 × 108 | 3.38 × 108 | 0 | 3.01 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 5.52 × 109 |
Aiken | 2.18 × 1010 (5) | 3.56 × 109 | 1.90 × 109 | 1.54 × 109 | 3.75 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.48 × 1010 |
Chester | 1.11 × 1010 (30) | 4.80 × 108 | 7.30 × 108 | 0 | 4.28 × 109 | 8.10 × 107 | 0 | 5.50 × 109 |
Edgefield | 9.37 × 109 (35) | 8.08 × 108 | 4.98 × 108 | 0 | 4.58 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 7.60 × 109 |
Fairfield | 1.25 × 1010 (24) | 8.00 × 106 | 1.56 × 109 | 0 | 4.39 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 6.55 × 109 |
Greenwood | 8.66 × 109 (39) | 0 | 1.03 × 109 | 0 | 2.51 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 5.11 × 109 |
Kershaw | 1.66 × 1010 (11) | 3.06 × 109 | 1.43 × 109 | 2.80 × 109 | 3.53 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.95 × 109 |
Lancaster | 1.03 × 1010 (33) | 4.24 × 108 | 1.34 × 109 | 0 | 4.65 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.12 × 109 |
Laurens | 1.33 × 1010 (17) | 1.00 × 109 | 1.69 × 108 | 0 | 2.63 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 9.53 × 109 |
Lexington | 1.31 × 1010 (20) | 3.63 × 109 | 7.65 × 108 | 0 | 2.70 × 108 | 0 | 1.23 × 108 | 8.31 × 109 |
Newberry | 1.18 × 1010 (27) | 5.60 × 108 | 5.70 × 108 | 0 | 2.09 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 8.58 × 109 |
Richland | 1.48 × 1010 (14) | 1.30 × 109 | 3.20 × 109 | 1.12 × 109 | 1.43 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 9.07 × 109 |
Saluda | 8.50 × 109 (40) | 1.52 × 108 | 7.39 × 108 | 0 | 5.78 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 7.04 × 109 |
York | 1.29 × 1010 (21) | 4.00 × 107 | 1.19 × 109 | 0 | 4.33 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 7.36 × 109 |
(Midlands) | 1.73× 1011 (3) | 1.54× 1010 | 1.55× 1010 | 4.34× 109 | 2.55× 1010 | 8.10× 107 | 1.23× 108 | 1.12× 1011 |
Chesterfield | 1.59 × 1010 (12) | 1.38 × 109 | 5.83 × 109 | 0 | 1.73 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.53 × 109 |
Clarendon | 1.23 × 1010 (25) | 3.12 × 108 | 1.71 × 109 | 8.41 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.44 × 109 |
Darlington | 1.19 × 1010 (26) | 2.88 × 108 | 2.30 × 109 | 1.26 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 1.23 × 107 | 8.08 × 109 |
Dillon | 8.86 × 109 (38) | 7.28 × 108 | 1.14 × 109 | 1.12 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 2.34 × 108 | 5.64 × 109 |
Florence | 1.50 × 1010 (13) | 7.76 × 108 | 1.99 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.46 × 107 | 1.22 × 1010 |
Georgetown | 2.38 × 1010 (4) | 2.81 × 109 | 2.44 × 109 | 7.99 × 109 | 3.07 × 109 | 0 | 1.41 × 109 | 6.09 × 109 |
Horry | 3.19 × 1010 (2) | 2.02 × 109 | 3.84 × 109 | 8.97 × 109 | 2.15 × 109 | 0 | 4.06 × 109 | 1.08 × 1010 |
Lee | 7.77 × 109 (42) | 2.32 × 108 | 1.17 × 109 | 0 | 7.50 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 6.37 × 109 |
Marion | 1.33 × 1010 (18) | 8.56 × 108 | 2.55 × 109 | 3.78 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 6.03 × 108 | 5.48 × 109 |
Marlboro | 2.01 × 1010 (8) | 6.00 × 108 | 2.39 × 109 | 1.13 × 1010 | 1.28 × 108 | 0 | 2.46 × 107 | 5.58 × 109 |
Sumter | 1.27 × 1010 (23) | 7.20 × 107 | 3.12 × 109 | 0 | 3.00 × 107 | 0 | 2.46 × 107 | 9.44 × 109 |
Williamsburg | 1.75 × 1010 (10) | 2.00 × 108 | 1.86 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.69 × 107 | 1.54 × 1010 |
(Pee Dee) | 1.91× 1011 (1) | 1.03× 1010 | 3.03× 1010 | 3.53× 1010 | 5.56× 109 | 0 | 6.43× 109 | 1.03× 1011 |
Allendale | 8.49 × 109 (41) | 2.00 × 108 | 8.99 × 108 | 8.41 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.55 × 109 |
Bamberg | 7.38 × 109 (44) | 1.01 × 109 | 8.90 × 106 | 0 | 3.08 × 108 | 0 | 3.69 × 107 | 6.01 × 109 |
Barnwell | 1.04 × 1010 (32) | 6.24 × 108 | 1.23 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.52 × 109 |
Beaufort | 1.27 × 1010 (22) | 5.58 × 109 | 3.03 × 108 | 8.41 × 108 | 3.00 × 108 | 3.11 × 108 | 2.58 × 109 | 2.78 × 109 |
Berkeley | 2.44 × 1010 (3) | 1.16 × 109 | 1.85 × 109 | 3.22 × 109 | 3.07 × 109 | 0 | 1.69 × 109 | 1.34 × 1010 |
Calhoun | 5.42 × 109 (46) | 5.28 × 108 | 2.31 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.66 × 109 |
Charleston | 1.94 × 1010 (9) | 6.12 × 109 | 2.95 × 109 | 0 | 5.45 × 109 | 0 | 3.36 × 109 | 1.56 × 109 |
Colleton | 3.22 × 1010 (1) | 2.24 × 109 | 4.36 × 108 | 1.23 × 1010 | 1.05 × 109 | 1.15 × 109 | 1.34 × 109 | 1.37 × 1010 |
Dorchester | 1.10 × 1010 (31) | 2.19 × 109 | 1.51 × 108 | 1.40 × 108 | 2.10 × 109 | 0 | 3.69 × 108 | 6.06 × 109 |
Hampton | 1.12 × 1010 (29) | 1.09 × 109 | 7.74 × 108 | 4.20 × 108 | 7.58 × 108 | 0 | 4.92 × 108 | 7.64 × 109 |
Jasper | 2.08 × 1010 (6) | 2.54 × 109 | 5.16 × 108 | 7.99 × 109 | 1.85 × 109 | 1.57 × 109 | 2.95 × 108 | 6.04 × 109 |
McCormick | 6.81 × 109 (45) | 5.12 × 108 | 5.79 × 108 | 0 | 1.85 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 3.87 × 109 |
Orangeburg | 2.03 × 1010 (7) | 5.84 × 108 | 1.60 × 108 | 0 | 1.88 × 108 | 0 | 1.23 × 107 | 1.94 × 1010 |
(Low Country) | 1.90× 1011 (2) | 2.44× 1010 | 1.01× 1010 | 2.58× 1010 | 1.69× 1010 | 3.02× 109 | 1.02× 1010 | 1.00× 1011 |
Totals (kg) | 6.34× 1011 | 5.40× 1010 | 6.12× 1010 | 6.65× 1010 | 5.21× 1010 | 3.11× 109 | 1.67× 1010 | 3.81× 1011 |
County (Region) | Total Value ($) (Rank) | Slight <-------------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development -----------------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Value ($) | ||||||||
Anderson | 2.22 × 109 (19) | 1.38 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.09 × 109 |
Cherokee | 1.27 × 109 (43) | 1.59 × 108 | 1.41 × 108 | 0 | 1.27 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.40 × 108 |
Greenville | 2.37 × 109 (15) | 1.46 × 108 | 2.49 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.97 × 109 |
Oconee | 1.97 × 109 (28) | 5.00 × 107 | 8.40 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.83 × 109 |
Pickens | 1.53 × 109 (37) | 5.27 × 107 | 8.25 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.40 × 109 |
Spartanburg | 2.31 × 109 (16) | 1.08 × 107 | 2.42 × 108 | 0 | 9.78 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.96 × 109 |
Union | 1.64 × 109 (34) | 9.99 × 107 | 9.15 × 107 | 0 | 4.62 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 9.88 × 108 |
(Upstate) | 1.33 × 1010(4) | 6.56× 108 | 8.90 × 108 | 0 | 6.87× 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.11 × 1010 |
Abbeville | 1.57 × 109 (36) | 7.02 × 107 | 5.70 × 107 | 0 | 5.09 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 9.34 × 108 |
Aiken | 3.69 × 109 (5) | 6.01 × 108 | 3.20 × 108 | 2.60 × 108 | 6.35 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 2.50 × 109 |
Chester | 1.87 × 109 (30) | 8.10 × 107 | 1.23 × 108 | 0 | 7.24 × 108 | 1.37 × 107 | 0 | 9.30 × 108 |
Edgefield | 1.58 × 109 (35) | 1.36 × 108 | 8.40 × 107 | 0 | 7.75 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.29 × 109 |
Fairfield | 2.11 × 109 (24) | 1.35 × 106 | 2.63 × 108 | 0 | 7.43 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.11 × 109 |
Greenwood | 1.46 × 109 (39) | 0 | 1.74 × 108 | 0 | 4.25 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.64 × 108 |
Kershaw | 2.80 × 109 (11) | 5.17 × 108 | 2.42 × 108 | 4.72 × 108 | 5.97 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.51 × 109 |
Lancaster | 1.75 × 109 (33) | 7.16 × 107 | 2.27 × 108 | 0 | 7.87 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.37 × 109 |
Laurens | 2.25 × 109 (17) | 1.69 × 108 | 2.85 × 107 | 0 | 4.46 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.61 × 109 |
Lexington | 2.21 × 109 (20) | 6.13 × 108 | 1.29 × 108 | 0 | 4.57 × 107 | 0 | 2.07 × 107 | 1.40 × 109 |
Newberry | 1.99 × 109 (27) | 9.45 × 107 | 9.60 × 107 | 0 | 3.53 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.45 × 109 |
Richland | 2.51 × 109 (14) | 2.20 × 108 | 5.40 × 108 | 1.89 × 108 | 2.41 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.53 × 109 |
Saluda | 1.44 × 109 (40) | 2.57 × 107 | 1.25 × 108 | 0 | 9.78 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.19 × 109 |
York | 2.18 × 109 (21) | 6.75 × 106 | 2.01 × 108 | 0 | 7.33 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.24 × 109 |
(Midlands) | 2.92 × 1010(3) | 2.61× 109 | 2.61 × 109 | 7.32 × 108 | 4.32× 109 | 1.37× 107 | 2.07× 107 | 1.89 × 1010 |
Chesterfield | 2.69 × 109 (12) | 2.34 × 108 | 9.83 × 108 | 0 | 2.92 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.44 × 109 |
Clarendon | 2.08 × 109 (25) | 5.27 × 107 | 2.88 × 108 | 1.42 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.59 × 109 |
Darlington | 2.02 × 109 (26) | 4.86 × 107 | 3.87 × 108 | 2.13 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 2.07 × 106 | 1.37 × 109 |
Dillon | 1.50 × 109 (38) | 1.23 × 108 | 1.92 × 108 | 1.89 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 3.93 × 107 | 9.53 × 108 |
Florence | 2.54 × 109 (13) | 1.31 × 108 | 3.36 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.14 × 106 | 2.07 × 109 |
Georgetown | 4.02 × 109 (4) | 4.74 × 108 | 4.11 × 108 | 1.35 × 109 | 5.19 × 108 | 0 | 2.38 × 108 | 1.03 × 109 |
Horry | 5.37 × 109 (2) | 3.40 × 108 | 6.47 × 108 | 1.51 × 109 | 3.64 × 108 | 0 | 6.83 × 108 | 1.83 × 109 |
Lee | 1.31 × 109 (42) | 3.92 × 107 | 1.97 × 108 | 0 | 1.27 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 1.08 × 109 |
Marion | 2.24 × 109 (18) | 1.44 × 108 | 4.29 × 108 | 6.38 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.01 × 108 | 9.26 × 108 |
Marlboro | 3.39 × 109 (8) | 1.01 × 108 | 4.04 × 108 | 1.91 × 109 | 2.16 × 107 | 0 | 4.14 × 106 | 9.43 × 108 |
Sumter | 2.14 × 109 (23) | 1.22 × 107 | 5.25 × 108 | 0 | 5.08 × 106 | 0 | 4.14 × 106 | 1.59 × 109 |
Williamsburg | 2.95 × 109 (10) | 3.38 × 107 | 3.14 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.21 × 106 | 2.60 × 109 |
(Pee Dee) | 3.22 × 1010(1) | 1.73× 109 | 5.11 × 109 | 5.95 × 109 | 9.41× 108 | 0 | 1.08× 109 | 1.74 × 1010 |
Allendale | 1.43 × 109 (41) | 3.38 × 107 | 1.52 × 108 | 1.42 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.11 × 109 |
Bamberg | 1.25 × 109 (44) | 1.70 × 108 | 1.50 × 106 | 0 | 5.21 × 107 | 0 | 6.21 × 106 | 1.02 × 109 |
Barnwell | 1.75 × 109 (32) | 1.05 × 108 | 2.07 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.44 × 109 |
Beaufort | 2.14 × 109 (22) | 9.42 × 108 | 5.10 × 107 | 1.42 × 108 | 5.08 × 107 | 5.24 × 107 | 4.35 × 108 | 4.69 × 108 |
Berkeley | 4.12 × 109 (3) | 1.96 × 108 | 3.12 × 108 | 5.43 × 108 | 5.19 × 108 | 0 | 2.84 × 108 | 2.26 × 109 |
Calhoun | 9.15 × 108 (46) | 8.91 × 107 | 3.90 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.87 × 108 |
Charleston | 3.28 × 109 (9) | 1.03 × 109 | 4.98 × 108 | 0 | 9.23 × 108 | 0 | 5.65 × 108 | 2.64 × 108 |
Colleton | 5.44 × 109 (1) | 3.78 × 108 | 7.35 × 107 | 2.08 × 109 | 1.78 × 108 | 1.94 × 108 | 2.26 × 108 | 2.31 × 109 |
Dorchester | 1.86 × 109 (31) | 3.70 × 108 | 2.55 × 107 | 2.36 × 107 | 3.56 × 108 | 0 | 6.21 × 107 | 1.02 × 109 |
Hampton | 1.89 × 109 (29) | 1.84 × 108 | 1.31 × 108 | 7.09 × 107 | 1.28 × 108 | 0 | 8.28 × 107 | 1.29 × 109 |
Jasper | 3.51 × 109 (6) | 4.29 × 108 | 8.70 × 107 | 1.35 × 109 | 3.12 × 108 | 2.64 × 108 | 4.97 × 107 | 1.02 × 109 |
McCormick | 1.15 × 109 (45) | 8.64 × 107 | 9.75 × 107 | 0 | 3.14 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 6.54 × 108 |
Orangeburg | 3.43 × 109 (7) | 9.86 × 107 | 2.70 × 107 | 0 | 3.18 × 107 | 0 | 2.07 × 106 | 3.27 × 109 |
(Low Country) | 3.22 × 1010(2) | 4.11× 109 | 1.70 × 109 | 4.35 × 109 | 2.87× 109 | 5.11× 108 | 1.71× 109 | 1.69 × 1010 |
Totals ($) | 1.07 × 1011 | 9.11× 109 | 1.03 × 1010 | 1.12 × 1010 | 8.82× 109 | 5.24× 108 | 2.82× 109 | 6.43 × 1010 |
County (Region) | Total Storage (kg) (Rank) | Slight <------------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development --------------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Total Storage (kg) | ||||||||
Anderson | 4.90 × 108 (43) | 4.90 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cherokee | 1.48 × 109 (29) | 5.66 × 108 | 4.79 × 108 | 0 | 4.30 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Greenville | 1.37 × 109 (30) | 5.18 × 108 | 8.47 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Oconee | 4.63 × 108 (45) | 1.78 × 108 | 2.86 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pickens | 4.68 × 108 (44) | 1.87 × 108 | 2.81 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Spartanburg | 1.19 × 109 (32) | 3.84 × 107 | 8.21 × 108 | 0 | 3.31 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Union | 2.23 × 109 (17) | 3.55 × 108 | 3.11 × 108 | 0 | 1.57 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(Upstate) | 7.68× 109 (4) | 2.33× 109 | 3.02× 109 | 0 | 2.33× 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abbeville | 2.17 × 109 (19) | 2.50 × 108 | 1.94 × 108 | 0 | 1.72 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aiken | 3.27 × 109 (10) | 2.14 × 109 | 1.09 × 109 | 2.64 × 107 | 2.15 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chester | 3.23 × 109 (11) | 2.88 × 108 | 4.18 × 108 | 0 | 2.45 × 109 | 6.90 × 107 | 0 | 0 |
Edgefield | 1.03 × 109 (37) | 4.85 × 108 | 2.86 × 108 | 0 | 2.62 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fairfield | 3.41 × 109 (9) | 4.80 × 106 | 8.93 × 108 | 0 | 2.52 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Greenwood | 2.03 × 109 (21) | 0 | 5.92 × 108 | 0 | 1.44 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kershaw | 2.91 × 109 (13) | 1.84 × 109 | 8.21 × 108 | 4.80 × 107 | 2.02 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lancaster | 1.29 × 109 (31) | 2.54 × 108 | 7.70 × 108 | 0 | 2.67 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Laurens | 2.21 × 109 (18) | 6.00 × 108 | 9.69 × 107 | 0 | 1.51 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lexington | 2.78 × 109 (14) | 2.18 × 109 | 4.39 × 108 | 0 | 1.55 × 108 | 0 | 6.00 × 106 | 0 |
Newberry | 1.86 × 109 (23) | 3.36 × 108 | 3.26 × 108 | 0 | 1.20 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Richland | 2.72 × 109 (15) | 7.82 × 108 | 1.84 × 109 | 1.92 × 107 | 8.17 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Saluda | 8.46 × 108 (38) | 9.12 × 107 | 4.23 × 108 | 0 | 3.31 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
York | 3.19 × 109 (12) | 2.40 × 107 | 6.83 × 108 | 0 | 2.48 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(Midlands) | 3.29× 1010 (2) | 9.27× 109 | 8.86× 109 | 7.44× 107 | 1.46× 1010 | 6.90× 107 | 6.00× 106 | 0 |
Chesterfield | 4.27 × 109 (5) | 8.30 × 108 | 3.34 × 109 | 0 | 9.89 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Clarendon | 1.18 × 109 (34) | 1.87 × 108 | 9.79 × 108 | 1.44 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Darlington | 1.51 × 109 (28) | 1.73 × 108 | 1.32 × 109 | 2.16 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 6.00 × 105 | 0 |
Dillon | 1.12 × 109 (35) | 4.37 × 108 | 6.53 × 108 | 1.92 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.14 × 107 | 0 |
Florence | 1.61 × 109 (26) | 4.66 × 108 | 1.14 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.20 × 106 | 0 |
Georgetown | 5.05 × 109 (2) | 1.68 × 109 | 1.40 × 109 | 1.37 × 108 | 1.76 × 109 | 0 | 6.90 × 107 | 0 |
Horry | 4.99 × 109 (3) | 1.21 × 109 | 2.20 × 109 | 1.54 × 108 | 1.23 × 109 | 0 | 1.98 × 108 | 0 |
Lee | 8.12 × 108 (39) | 1.39 × 108 | 6.68 × 108 | 0 | 4.30 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Marion | 2.07 × 109 (20) | 5.14 × 108 | 1.46 × 109 | 6.48 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 2.94 × 107 | 0 |
Marlboro | 2.00 × 109 (22) | 3.60 × 108 | 1.37 × 109 | 1.94 × 108 | 7.31 × 107 | 0 | 1.20 × 106 | 0 |
Sumter | 1.85 × 109 (24) | 4.32 × 107 | 1.79 × 109 | 0 | 1.72 × 107 | 0 | 1.20 × 106 | 0 |
Williamsburg | 1.19 × 109 (33) | 1.20 × 108 | 1.07 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.80 × 106 | 0 |
(Pee Dee) | 2.76× 1010 (3) | 6.16× 109 | 1.74× 1010 | 6.05× 108 | 3.19× 109 | 0 | 3.14× 108 | 0 |
Allendale | 6.50 × 108 (41) | 1.20 × 108 | 5.15 × 108 | 1.44 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bamberg | 7.88 × 108 (40) | 6.05 × 108 | 5.10 × 106 | 0 | 1.76 × 108 | 0 | 1.80 × 106 | 0 |
Barnwell | 1.08 × 109 (36) | 3.74 × 108 | 7.04 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Beaufort | 4.10 × 109 (6) | 3.35 × 109 | 1.73 × 108 | 1.44 × 107 | 1.72 × 108 | 2.65 × 108 | 1.26 × 108 | 0 |
Berkeley | 3.65 × 109 (7) | 6.96 × 108 | 1.06 × 109 | 5.52 × 107 | 1.76 × 109 | 0 | 8.22 × 107 | 0 |
Calhoun | 4.49 × 108 (46) | 3.17 × 108 | 1.33 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Charleston | 8.66 × 109 (1) | 3.67 × 109 | 1.69 × 109 | 0 | 3.13 × 109 | 0 | 1.64 × 108 | 0 |
Colleton | 3.45 × 109 (8) | 1.34 × 109 | 2.50 × 108 | 2.11 × 108 | 6.02 × 108 | 9.78 × 108 | 6.54 × 107 | 0 |
Dorchester | 2.63 × 109 (16) | 1.32 × 109 | 8.67 × 107 | 2.40 × 106 | 1.20 × 109 | 0 | 1.80 × 107 | 0 |
Hampton | 1.56 × 109 (27) | 6.53 × 108 | 4.44 × 108 | 7.20 × 106 | 4.34 × 108 | 0 | 2.40 × 107 | 0 |
Jasper | 4.37 × 109 (4) | 1.53 × 109 | 2.96 × 108 | 1.37 × 108 | 1.06 × 109 | 1.33 × 109 | 1.44 × 107 | 0 |
McCormick | 1.70 × 109 (25) | 3.07 × 108 | 3.32 × 108 | 0 | 1.06 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Orangeburg | 5.50 × 108 (42) | 3.50 × 108 | 9.18 × 107 | 0 | 1.08 × 108 | 0 | 6.00 × 105 | 0 |
(Low Country) | 3.36× 1010 (1) | 1.46× 1010 | 5.78× 109 | 4.42× 108 | 9.70× 109 | 2.58× 109 | 4.96× 108 | 0 |
Totals (kg) | 1.02× 1011 | 3.24× 1010 | 3.50× 1010 | 1.14× 109 | 2.99× 1010 | 2.65× 109 | 8.16× 108 | 0 |
County (Region) | Total Value ($) (Rank) | Slight <----------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development -------------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Value ($) | ||||||||
Anderson | 8.36 × 107 (43) | 8.36 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cherokee | 2.50 × 108 (29) | 9.68 × 107 | 8.08 × 107 | 0 | 7.20 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Greenville | 2.31 × 108 (30) | 8.86 × 107 | 1.43 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Oconee | 7.85 × 107 (45) | 3.03 × 107 | 4.82 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pickens | 7.93 × 107 (44) | 3.20 × 107 | 4.73 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Spartanburg | 2.00 × 108 (32) | 6.56 × 106 | 1.38 × 108 | 0 | 5.54 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Union | 3.75 × 108 (17) | 6.07 × 107 | 5.25 × 107 | 0 | 2.62 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(Upstate) | 1.30× 109(4) | 3.99× 108 | 5.10× 108 | 0 | 3.90× 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abbeville | 3.64 × 108 (19) | 4.26 × 107 | 3.27 × 107 | 0 | 2.89 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aiken | 5.56 × 108 (10) | 3.65 × 108 | 1.83 × 108 | 4.51 × 106 | 3.60 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chester | 5.42 × 108 (11) | 4.92 × 107 | 7.05 × 107 | 0 | 4.10 × 108 | 1.16 × 107 | 0 | 0 |
Edgefield | 1.75 × 108 (37) | 8.28 × 107 | 4.82 × 107 | 0 | 4.39 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fairfield | 5.73 × 108 (9) | 8.20 × 105 | 1.51 × 108 | 0 | 4.21 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Greenwood | 3.41 × 108 (21) | 0 | 9.98 × 107 | 0 | 2.41 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kershaw | 4.95 × 108 (13) | 3.14 × 108 | 1.38 × 108 | 8.20 × 106 | 3.38 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lancaster | 2.18 × 108 (31) | 4.35 × 107 | 1.30 × 108 | 0 | 4.46 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Laurens | 3.72 × 108 (18) | 1.03 × 108 | 1.63 × 107 | 0 | 2.53 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lexington | 4.73 × 108 (14) | 3.72 × 108 | 7.40 × 107 | 0 | 2.59 × 107 | 0 | 1.00 × 106 | 0 |
Newberry | 3.13 × 108 (23) | 5.74 × 107 | 5.50 × 107 | 0 | 2.00 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Richland | 4.60 × 108 (15) | 1.34 × 108 | 3.10 × 108 | 3.28 × 106 | 1.37 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Saluda | 1.42 × 108 (38) | 1.56 × 107 | 7.14 × 107 | 0 | 5.54 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
York | 5.35 × 108 (12) | 4.10 × 106 | 1.15 × 108 | 0 | 4.15 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(Midlands) | 5.55× 109(2) | 1.58× 109 | 1.49× 109 | 1.27× 107 | 2.45× 109 | 1.16 × 107 | 1.00 × 106 | 0 |
Chesterfield | 7.22 × 108 (5) | 1.42 × 108 | 5.63 × 108 | 0 | 1.66 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Clarendon | 2.00 × 108 (34) | 3.20 × 107 | 1.65 × 108 | 2.46 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Darlington | 2.55 × 108 (28) | 2.95 × 107 | 2.22 × 108 | 3.69 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 × 105 | 0 |
Dillon | 1.90 × 108 (35) | 7.46 × 107 | 1.10 × 108 | 3.28 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 1.90 × 106 | 0 |
Florence | 2.72 × 108 (26) | 7.95 × 107 | 1.93 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.00 × 105 | 0 |
Georgetown | 8.53 × 108 (2) | 2.88 × 108 | 2.36 × 108 | 2.34 × 107 | 2.94 × 108 | 0 | 1.15 × 107 | 0 |
Horry | 8.43 × 108 (3) | 2.07 × 108 | 3.71 × 108 | 2.62 × 107 | 2.07 × 108 | 0 | 3.30 × 107 | 0 |
Lee | 1.37 × 108 (39) | 2.38 × 107 | 1.13 × 108 | 0 | 7.20 × 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Marion | 3.50 × 108 (20) | 8.77 × 107 | 2.46 × 108 | 1.11 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 4.90 × 106 | 0 |
Marlboro | 3.38 × 108 (22) | 6.15 × 107 | 2.31 × 108 | 3.32 × 107 | 1.22 × 107 | 0 | 2.00 × 105 | 0 |
Sumter | 3.11 × 108 (24) | 7.38 × 106 | 3.01 × 108 | 0 | 2.88 × 106 | 0 | 2.00 × 105 | 0 |
Williamsburg | 2.01 × 108 (33) | 2.05 × 107 | 1.80 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 × 105 | 0 |
(Pee Dee) | 4.67 × 109(3) | 1.05× 109 | 2.93× 109 | 1.03× 108 | 5.34× 108 | 0 | 5.23 × 107 | 0 |
Allendale | 1.10 × 108 (41) | 2.05 × 107 | 8.69 × 107 | 2.46 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bamberg | 1.34 × 108 (40) | 1.03 × 108 | 8.60 × 105 | 0 | 2.95 × 107 | 0 | 3.00 × 105 | 0 |
Barnwell | 1.83 × 108 (36) | 6.40 × 107 | 1.19 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Beaufort | 6.98 × 108 (6) | 5.72 × 108 | 2.92 × 107 | 2.46 × 106 | 2.88 × 107 | 4.44 × 107 | 2.10 × 107 | 0 |
Berkeley | 6.15 × 108 (7) | 1.19 × 108 | 1.79 × 108 | 9.43 × 106 | 2.94 × 108 | 0 | 1.37 × 107 | 0 |
Calhoun | 7.65 × 107 (46) | 5.41 × 107 | 2.24 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Charleston | 1.46 × 109 (1) | 6.27 × 108 | 2.86 × 108 | 0 | 5.23 × 108 | 0 | 2.73 × 107 | 0 |
Colleton | 5.84 × 108 (8) | 2.30 × 108 | 4.21 × 107 | 3.61 × 107 | 1.01 × 108 | 1.64 × 108 | 1.09 × 107 | 0 |
Dorchester | 4.44 × 108 (16) | 2.25 × 108 | 1.46 × 107 | 4.10 × 105 | 2.02 × 108 | 0 | 3.00 × 106 | 0 |
Hampton | 2.64 × 108 (27) | 1.12 × 108 | 7.48 × 107 | 1.23 × 106 | 7.27 × 107 | 0 | 4.00 × 106 | 0 |
Jasper | 7.37 × 108 (4) | 2.61 × 108 | 4.99 × 107 | 2.34 × 107 | 1.77 × 108 | 2.24 × 108 | 2.40 × 106 | 0 |
McCormick | 2.86 × 108 (25) | 5.25 × 107 | 5.59 × 107 | 0 | 1.78 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Orangeburg | 9.34 × 107 (42) | 5.99 × 107 | 1.55 × 107 | 0 | 1.80 × 107 | 0 | 1.00 × 105 | 0 |
(Low Country) | 5.69 × 109(1) | 2.50× 109 | 9.75× 108 | 7.54× 107 | 1.62× 109 | 4.32× 108 | 8.27 × 107 | 0 |
Totals ($) | 1.72 × 1010 | 5.53× 109 | 5.91× 109 | 1.95× 108 | 5.00× 109 | 4.44× 108 | 1.36× 108 | 0 |
County (Region) | Total Storage (kg) (Rank) | Slight <------------------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development ----------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Total Storage (kg) | ||||||||
Anderson | 1.37 × 1010 (26) | 1.31 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.23 × 1010 |
Cherokee | 8.98 × 109 (42) | 1.51 × 109 | 1.32 × 109 | 0 | 1.18 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 4.97 × 109 |
Greenville | 1.54 × 1010 (20) | 1.38 × 109 | 2.32 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.17 × 1010 |
Oconee | 1.21 × 1010 (31) | 4.74 × 108 | 7.84 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.08 × 1010 |
Pickens | 9.53 × 109 (39) | 4.99 × 108 | 7.70 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.26 × 109 |
Spartanburg | 1.49 × 1010 (22) | 1.02 × 108 | 2.25 × 109 | 0 | 9.09 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.16 × 1010 |
Union | 1.19 × 1010 (32) | 9.47 × 108 | 8.54 × 108 | 0 | 4.30 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 5.84 × 109 |
(Upstate) | 8.64× 1010 (4) | 6.22× 109 | 8.30× 109 | 0 | 6.38× 109 | 0 | 0 | 6.55× 1010 |
Abbeville | 1.15 × 1010 (34) | 6.66 × 108 | 5.32 × 108 | 0 | 4.73 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 5.52 × 109 |
Aiken | 2.51 × 1010 (7) | 5.70 × 109 | 2.98 × 109 | 1.57 × 109 | 5.90 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.48 × 1010 |
Chester | 1.43 × 1010 (24) | 7.68 × 108 | 1.15 × 109 | 0 | 6.73 × 109 | 1.50 × 108 | 0 | 5.50 × 109 |
Edgefield | 1.04 × 1010 (37) | 1.29 × 109 | 7.84 × 108 | 0 | 7.20 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 7.60 × 109 |
Fairfield | 1.59 × 1010 (17) | 1.28 × 107 | 2.45 × 109 | 0 | 6.90 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 6.55 × 109 |
Greenwood | 1.07 × 1010 (36) | 0 | 1.62 × 109 | 0 | 3.95 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 5.11 × 109 |
Kershaw | 1.95 × 1010 (11) | 4.90 × 109 | 2.25 × 109 | 2.85 × 109 | 5.55 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.95 × 109 |
Lancaster | 1.16 × 1010 (33) | 6.78 × 108 | 2.11 × 109 | 0 | 7.32 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.12 × 109 |
Laurens | 1.55 × 1010 (19) | 1.60 × 109 | 2.66 × 108 | 0 | 4.14 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 9.53 × 109 |
Lexington | 1.59 × 1010 (18) | 5.81 × 109 | 1.20 × 109 | 0 | 4.25 × 108 | 0 | 1.29 × 108 | 8.31 × 109 |
Newberry | 1.37 × 1010 (25) | 8.96 × 108 | 8.96 × 108 | 0 | 3.28 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 8.58 × 109 |
Richland | 1.76 × 1010 (13) | 2.09 × 109 | 5.04 × 109 | 1.14 × 109 | 2.24 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 9.07 × 109 |
Saluda | 9.35 × 109 (40) | 2.43 × 108 | 1.16 × 109 | 0 | 9.09 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 7.04 × 109 |
York | 1.61 × 1010 (16) | 6.40 × 107 | 1.88 × 109 | 0 | 6.81 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 7.36 × 109 |
(Midlands) | 2.06× 1011 (3) | 2.47× 1010 | 2.43× 1010 | 4.42× 109 | 4.02× 1010 | 1.50× 108 | 1.29× 108 | 1.12× 1011 |
Chesterfield | 2.02 × 1010 (10) | 2.21 × 109 | 9.17 × 109 | 0 | 2.71 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.53 × 109 |
Clarendon | 1.35 × 1010 (28) | 4.99 × 108 | 2.69 × 109 | 8.55 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.44 × 109 |
Darlington | 1.34 × 1010 (29) | 4.61 × 108 | 3.61 × 109 | 1.28 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 1.29 × 107 | 8.08 × 109 |
Dillon | 9.98 × 109 (38) | 1.16 × 109 | 1.79 × 109 | 1.14 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 2.45 × 108 | 5.64 × 109 |
Florence | 1.66 × 1010 (15) | 1.24 × 109 | 3.14 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.58 × 107 | 1.22 × 1010 |
Georgetown | 2.89 × 1010 (3) | 4.49 × 109 | 3.84 × 109 | 8.12 × 109 | 4.83 × 109 | 0 | 1.48 × 109 | 6.09 × 109 |
Horry | 3.68 × 1010 (1) | 3.23 × 109 | 6.03 × 109 | 9.12 × 109 | 3.39 × 109 | 0 | 4.26 × 109 | 1.08 × 1010 |
Lee | 8.59 × 109 (43) | 3.71 × 108 | 1.83 × 109 | 0 | 1.18 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 6.37 × 109 |
Marion | 1.53 × 1010 (21) | 1.37 × 109 | 4.00 × 109 | 3.85 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 6.32 × 108 | 5.48 × 109 |
Marlboro | 2.21 × 1010 (8) | 9.60 × 108 | 3.77 × 109 | 1.15 × 1010 | 2.01 × 108 | 0 | 2.58 × 107 | 5.58 × 109 |
Sumter | 1.45 × 1010 (23) | 1.15 × 108 | 4.90 × 109 | 0 | 4.72 × 107 | 0 | 2.58 × 107 | 9.44 × 109 |
Williamsburg | 1.86 × 1010 (12) | 3.20 × 108 | 2.93 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.87 × 107 | 1.54 × 1010 |
(Pee Dee) | 2.19× 1011 (2) | 1.64× 1010 | 4.77× 1010 | 3.59× 1010 | 8.74× 109 | 0 | 6.75× 109 | 1.03× 1011 |
Allendale | 9.14 × 109 (41) | 3.20 × 108 | 1.41 × 109 | 8.55 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.55 × 109 |
Bamberg | 8.16 × 109 (45) | 1.61 × 109 | 1.40 × 107 | 0 | 4.84 × 108 | 0 | 3.87 × 107 | 6.01 × 109 |
Barnwell | 1.15 × 1010 (35) | 9.98 × 108 | 1.93 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.52 × 109 |
Beaufort | 1.68 × 1010 (14) | 8.93 × 109 | 4.76 × 108 | 8.55 × 108 | 4.72 × 108 | 5.75 × 108 | 2.71 × 109 | 2.78 × 109 |
Berkeley | 2.80 × 1010 (5) | 1.86 × 109 | 2.91 × 109 | 3.28 × 109 | 4.83 × 109 | 0 | 1.77 × 109 | 1.34 × 1010 |
Calhoun | 5.87 × 109 (46) | 8.45 × 108 | 3.64 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.66 × 109 |
Charleston | 2.81 × 1010 (4) | 9.79 × 109 | 4.65 × 109 | 0 | 8.58 × 109 | 0 | 3.52 × 109 | 1.56 × 109 |
Colleton | 3.57 × 1010 (2) | 3.58 × 109 | 6.86 × 108 | 1.25 × 1010 | 1.65 × 109 | 2.13 × 109 | 1.41 × 109 | 1.37 × 1010 |
Dorchester | 1.36 × 1010 (27) | 3.51 × 109 | 2.38 × 108 | 1.43 × 108 | 3.30 × 109 | 0 | 3.87 × 108 | 6.06 × 109 |
Hampton | 1.27 × 1010 (30) | 1.74 × 109 | 1.22 × 109 | 4.28 × 108 | 1.19 × 109 | 0 | 5.16 × 108 | 7.64 × 109 |
Jasper | 2.52 × 1010 (6) | 4.07 × 109 | 8.12 × 108 | 8.12 × 109 | 2.90 × 109 | 2.90 × 109 | 3.10 × 108 | 6.04 × 109 |
McCormick | 8.51 × 109 (44) | 8.19 × 108 | 9.10 × 108 | 0 | 2.91 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 3.87 × 109 |
Orangeburg | 2.09 × 1010 (9) | 9.34 × 108 | 2.52 × 108 | 0 | 2.95 × 108 | 0 | 1.29 × 107 | 1.94 × 1010 |
(Low Country) | 2.24× 1011 (1) | 3.90× 1010 | 1.59× 1010 | 2.62× 1010 | 2.66× 1010 | 5.60× 109 | 1.07× 1010 | 1.00× 1011 |
Totals (kg) | 7.36× 1011 | 8.64× 1010 | 9.62× 1010 | 6.77× 1010 | 8.19× 1010 | 5.75× 109 | 1.75× 1010 | 3.81× 1011 |
County (Region) | Total Value ($) (Rank) | Slight <------------------- Degree of Weathering and Soil Development -----------------------> Strong | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slightly Weathered | Moderately Weathered | Strongly Weathered | ||||||
Entisols | Inceptisols | Histosols | Alfisols | Mollisols | Spodosols | Ultisols | ||
Value ($) | ||||||||
Anderson | 2.31 × 109 (26) | 2.21 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.09 × 109 |
Cherokee | 1.52 × 109 (42) | 2.56 × 108 | 2.22 × 108 | 0 | 1.99 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.40 × 108 |
Greenville | 2.60 × 109 (20) | 2.34 × 108 | 3.92 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.97 × 109 |
Oconee | 2.04 × 109 (31) | 8.03 × 107 | 1.32 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.83 × 109 |
Pickens | 1.61 × 109 (39) | 8.46 × 107 | 1.30 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.40 × 109 |
Spartanburg | 2.51 × 109 (22) | 1.74 × 107 | 3.80 × 108 | 0 | 1.53 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.96 × 109 |
Union | 2.02 × 109 (32) | 1.61 × 108 | 1.44 × 108 | 0 | 7.24 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 9.88 × 108 |
(Upstate) | 1.46 × 1010(4) | 1.05 × 109 | 1.40 × 109 | 0 | 1.08 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 1.11 × 1010 |
Abbeville | 1.93 × 109 (34) | 1.13 × 108 | 8.97 × 107 | 0 | 7.98 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 9.34 × 108 |
Aiken | 4.24 × 109 (7) | 9.66 × 108 | 5.03 × 108 | 2.64 × 108 | 9.95 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 2.50 × 109 |
Chester | 2.41 × 109 (24) | 1.30 × 108 | 1.94 × 108 | 0 | 1.13 × 109 | 2.53 × 107 | 0 | 9.30 × 108 |
Edgefield | 1.76 × 109 (37) | 2.19 × 108 | 1.32 × 108 | 0 | 1.21 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.29 × 109 |
Fairfield | 2.69 × 109 (17) | 2.17 × 106 | 4.13 × 108 | 0 | 1.16 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 1.11 × 109 |
Greenwood | 1.80 × 109 (36) | 0 | 2.74 × 108 | 0 | 6.67 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 8.64 × 108 |
Kershaw | 3.30 × 109 (11) | 8.31 × 108 | 3.80 × 108 | 4.81 × 108 | 9.35 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.51 × 109 |
Lancaster | 1.97 × 109 (33) | 1.15 × 108 | 3.56 × 108 | 0 | 1.23 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.37 × 109 |
Laurens | 2.62 × 109 (19) | 2.71 × 108 | 4.48 × 107 | 0 | 6.98 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.61 × 109 |
Lexington | 2.69 × 109 (18) | 9.85 × 108 | 2.03 × 108 | 0 | 7.16 × 107 | 0 | 2.17 × 107 | 1.40 × 109 |
Newberry | 2.31 × 109 (25) | 1.52 × 108 | 1.51 × 108 | 0 | 5.53 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.45 × 109 |
Richland | 2.97 × 109 (13) | 3.54 × 108 | 8.50 × 108 | 1.92 × 108 | 3.78 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.53 × 109 |
Saluda | 1.58 × 109 (40) | 4.12 × 107 | 1.96 × 108 | 0 | 1.53 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.19 × 109 |
York | 2.72 × 109 (16) | 1.09 × 107 | 3.16 × 108 | 0 | 1.15 × 109 | 0 | 0 | 1.24 × 109 |
(Midlands) | 3.48 × 1010(3) | 4.19 × 109 | 4.10 × 109 | 7.45 × 108 | 6.77 × 109 | 2.53× 107 | 2.17× 107 | 1.89 × 1010 |
Chesterfield | 3.41 × 109 (10) | 3.75 × 108 | 1.55 × 109 | 0 | 4.58 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 1.44 × 109 |
Clarendon | 2.28 × 109 (28) | 8.46 × 107 | 4.53 × 108 | 1.44 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.59 × 109 |
Darlington | 2.27 × 109 (29) | 7.81 × 107 | 6.09 × 108 | 2.16 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 2.17 × 106 | 1.37 × 109 |
Dillon | 1.69 × 109 (38) | 1.97 × 108 | 3.02 × 108 | 1.92 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 4.12 × 107 | 9.53 × 108 |
Florence | 2.81 × 109 (15) | 2.10 × 108 | 5.29 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.34 × 106 | 2.07 × 109 |
Georgetown | 4.87 × 109 (3) | 7.62 × 108 | 6.47 × 108 | 1.37 × 109 | 8.14 × 108 | 0 | 2.50 × 108 | 1.03 × 109 |
Horry | 6.22 × 109 (1) | 5.47 × 108 | 1.02 × 109 | 1.54 × 109 | 5.71 × 108 | 0 | 7.16 × 108 | 1.83 × 109 |
Lee | 1.45 × 109 (43) | 6.29 × 107 | 3.09 × 108 | 0 | 1.99 × 106 | 0 | 0 | 1.08 × 109 |
Marion | 2.59 × 109 (21) | 2.32 × 108 | 6.75 × 108 | 6.49 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 1.06 × 108 | 9.26 × 108 |
Marlboro | 3.73 × 109 (8) | 1.63 × 108 | 6.35 × 108 | 1.95 × 109 | 3.38 × 107 | 0 | 4.34 × 106 | 9.43 × 108 |
Sumter | 2.45 × 109 (23) | 1.95 × 107 | 8.26 × 108 | 0 | 7.96 × 106 | 0 | 4.34 × 106 | 1.59 × 109 |
Williamsburg | 3.15 × 109 (12) | 5.43 × 107 | 4.93 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.51 × 106 | 2.60 × 109 |
(Pee Dee) | 3.69 × 1010(2) | 2.79 × 109 | 8.04 × 109 | 6.06 × 109 | 1.47 × 109 | 0 | 1.13 × 109 | 1.74 × 1010 |
Allendale | 1.54 × 109 (41) | 5.43 × 107 | 2.38 × 108 | 1.44 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.11 × 109 |
Bamberg | 1.38 × 109 (45) | 2.73 × 108 | 2.36 × 106 | 0 | 8.16 × 107 | 0 | 6.51 × 106 | 1.02 × 109 |
Barnwell | 1.93 × 109 (35) | 1.69 × 108 | 3.26 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.44 × 109 |
Beaufort | 2.84 × 109 (14) | 1.51 × 109 | 8.02 × 107 | 1.44 × 108 | 7.96 × 107 | 9.68 × 107 | 4.56 × 108 | 4.69 × 108 |
Berkeley | 4.73 × 109 (5) | 3.15 × 108 | 4.91 × 108 | 5.53 × 108 | 8.14 × 108 | 0 | 2.97 × 108 | 2.26 × 109 |
Calhoun | 9.92 × 108 (46) | 1.43 × 108 | 6.14 × 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.87 × 108 |
Charleston | 4.75 × 109 (4) | 1.66 × 109 | 7.84 × 108 | 0 | 1.45 × 109 | 0 | 5.92 × 108 | 2.64 × 108 |
Colleton | 6.02 × 109 (2) | 6.08 × 108 | 1.16 × 108 | 2.11 × 109 | 2.79 × 108 | 3.58 × 108 | 2.37 × 108 | 2.31 × 109 |
Dorchester | 2.30 × 109 (27) | 5.95 × 108 | 4.01 × 107 | 2.40 × 107 | 5.57 × 108 | 0 | 6.51 × 107 | 1.02 × 109 |
Hampton | 2.15 × 109 (30) | 2.95 × 108 | 2.05 × 108 | 7.21 × 107 | 2.01 × 108 | 0 | 8.68 × 107 | 1.29 × 109 |
Jasper | 4.25 × 109 (6) | 6.90 × 108 | 1.37 × 108 | 1.37 × 109 | 4.90 × 108 | 4.88 × 108 | 5.21 × 107 | 1.02 × 109 |
McCormick | 1.44 × 109 (44) | 1.39 × 108 | 1.53 × 108 | 0 | 4.92 × 108 | 0 | 0 | 6.54 × 108 |
Orangeburg | 3.53 × 109 (9) | 1.58 × 108 | 4.25 × 107 | 0 | 4.98 × 107 | 0 | 2.17 × 106 | 3.27 × 109 |
(Low Country) | 3.79 × 1010(1) | 6.61 × 109 | 2.68 × 109 | 4.42 × 109 | 4.49 × 109 | 9.43 × 108 | 1.79 × 109 | 1.69 × 1010 |
Totals ($) | 1.24 × 1011 | 1.46 × 1010 | 1.62 × 1010 | 1.14 × 1010 | 1.38 × 1010 | 9.68 × 108 | 2.95 × 109 | 6.43 × 1010 |
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Mikhailova, E.A.; Zurqani, H.A.; Post, C.J.; Schlautman, M.A.; Post, G.C.; Lin, L.; Hao, Z. Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA. Land 2021, 10, 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030309
Mikhailova EA, Zurqani HA, Post CJ, Schlautman MA, Post GC, Lin L, Hao Z. Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA. Land. 2021; 10(3):309. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030309
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikhailova, Elena A., Hamdi A. Zurqani, Christopher J. Post, Mark A. Schlautman, Gregory C. Post, Lili Lin, and Zhenbang Hao. 2021. "Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA" Land 10, no. 3: 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030309
APA StyleMikhailova, E. A., Zurqani, H. A., Post, C. J., Schlautman, M. A., Post, G. C., Lin, L., & Hao, Z. (2021). Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA. Land, 10(3), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030309