Influence of Residents’ Perception of Tourism’s Impact on Supporting Tourism Development in a GIAHS Site: The Mediating Role of Perceived Justice and Community Identity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypotheses
2.1. The Foundations of the Research
2.2. Resident’s Perceptions of Benefits and Cost Impacts
2.3. Perceived Justice
2.4. Community Identity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Measurement Development
3.3. Survey
3.4. Model and Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Demographic Structures of Interviewees
4.2. Data Reliability and Validity Test
4.3. Confirmatory Factors Analysis
4.4. Structural Equation Model Test
4.5. Mediating Effect Test
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
7. Limitations and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement Variables | Questions |
---|---|
Benefit perception | Tourism provides more job opportunities for the community (A1) |
Tourism improves the infrastructure of the community (A2) | |
Tourism promotes the cultural exchange between residents and tourists (A3) | |
Tourism promotes the conservation of GIAHS (A4) | |
Tourism promotes the economic development of the local community (A5) | |
I can get a certain dividend from the tourism development income of GIAHS (A6) | |
Cost perception | Tourism destroys the natural environment of the community (B1) |
Tourism leads to an inflation of the community (B2) | |
Tourism makes the local traffic more congested (B3) | |
Tourism erodes the local traditional culture (B4) | |
Tourism aggravates the income gap among residents in the community (B5) | |
Perceived justice | The result of distribution can reflect the labor I paid for CBT (C1) |
The income gap between residents is reasonable (C2) | |
I am satisfied with the distribution results of CBT (C3) | |
There are certain rules and regulations in the distribution process (C4) | |
There is no bias in the distribution process (C5) | |
My opinions and suggestions can be considered in the distribution process (C6) | |
The relationship between the GIAHS managers and me is harmonious (C7) | |
The GIAHS managers are polite and respectful to me (C8) | |
Community identity | I feel proud as a member of the GIAHS site and community (D1) |
The development of tourism in Duotian is relevant to me (D2) | |
I think it is my responsibility to protect Duotian (D3) | |
I will feel sad if leaving the community (D4) | |
I will feel proud when others praise Duotian (D5) | |
Support for tourism development | I support the community to carry out in-depth CBT (E1) |
I support the community to increase investment in CBT (E2) | |
I welcome more tourists (E3) | |
I am willing to participate in CBT of tourism planning and decision-making of Duotian (E4) | |
I am willing to participate in the daily management of Duotian (E5) | |
I am willing to maintain the tourism image of Duotian (E6) |
Items | Classification | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 169 | 50.6 |
Female | 165 | 49.4 | |
Age | Under 19 | 3 | 0.9 |
19–30 years old | 84 | 25.1 | |
31–45 years old | 168 | 50.3 | |
46–60 years old | 74 | 22.2 | |
Over 61 years old | 5 | 1.5 | |
Education degree | Primary school and below | 52 | 15.6 |
Junior high school | 144 | 43.2 | |
High school/technical school | 66 | 19.9 | |
Undergraduate/Associate’s degree | 70 | 21.0 | |
Postgraduate degree | 2 | 0.3 | |
Residence time | Less than 5 years | 23 | 7.0 |
6–10 years | 41 | 12.2 | |
11–20 years | 68 | 20.3 | |
20 years and above | 202 | 60.5 | |
Total annual income of household | Less than 6000 dollars | 55 | 16.6 |
6000–8500 dollars | 157 | 46.9 | |
8500–11,000 dollars | 68 | 20.3 | |
11,000–13,500 dollars | 38 | 11.4 | |
More than 13,500 dollars | 16 | 4.8 | |
The main source of family income (The main source: the source of income that accounts for more than 60% of the total income.) | Tourist shop | 5 | 1.0 |
Homestay | 24 | 7.1 | |
Passenger or freight transportation | 8 | 2.9 | |
Planting or breeding | 83 | 24.9 | |
Handicraft | 42 | 12.6 | |
Logistic service of GIAHS site | 87 | 26.0 | |
Migrant work | 78 | 23.4 | |
Others | 7 | 2.1 |
Fitting Degree | CMIN/DF | SRMR | RMSEA | GFI | AGFI | CFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard | <3 | <0.08 | <0.08 | >0.9 | >0.8 | >0.9 |
Result | 1.446 | 0.06 | 0.037 | 0.906 | 0.884 | 0.974 |
Conclusion | Pass | Pass | Pass | Accept | Pass | Pass |
Questions | Standardized Factor Load | p | CR | AVE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefit perception | A1 | 0.772 | 0.919 | 0.656 | |
A2 | 0.809 | *** | |||
A3 | 0.891 | *** | |||
A4 | 0.734 | *** | |||
A5 | 0.792 | *** | |||
A6 | 0.851 | *** | |||
Cost perception | B1 | 0.832 | 0.885 | 0.607 | |
B2 | 0.733 | *** | |||
B3 | 0.807 | *** | |||
B4 | 0.697 | *** | |||
B5 | 0.818 | *** | |||
Perceived justice | C1 | 0.764 | 0.898 | 0.528 | |
C2 | 0.794 | *** | |||
C3 | 0.811 | *** | |||
C4 | 0.808 | *** | |||
C5 | 0.634 | *** | |||
C6 | 0.699 | *** | |||
C7 | 0.603 | *** | |||
C8 | 0.666 | *** | |||
Community identity | D1 | 0.832 | 0.885 | 0.607 | |
D2 | 0.733 | *** | |||
D3 | 0.807 | *** | |||
D4 | 0.697 | *** | |||
D5 | 0.818 | *** | |||
Support for tourism development | E1 | 0.802 | 0.916 | 0.645 | |
E2 | 0.818 | *** | |||
E3 | 0.808 | *** | |||
E4 | 0.795 | *** | |||
E5 | 0.789 | *** | |||
E6 | 0.808 | *** |
Tourism’s Impact → Perceived Justice → Support for Tourism Development | ||
---|---|---|
Effects | 95% CI | |
Direct effects | 0.553 | [0.511, 1.147] |
Indirect effects | 0.254 | [0.055, 0.525] |
Total effects | 0.807 | [0.839, 1.255] |
Tourism’s Impact → Community Justice → Support for Tourism Development | ||
Effects | 95% CI | |
Direct effects | 0.379 | [0.275, 0.437] |
Indirect effects | 0.152 | [0.053, 0.098] |
Total effects | 0.531 | [0.628, 1.056] |
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Wang, B.; He, S.; Min, Q.; Cui, F.; Wang, G. Influence of Residents’ Perception of Tourism’s Impact on Supporting Tourism Development in a GIAHS Site: The Mediating Role of Perceived Justice and Community Identity. Land 2021, 10, 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100998
Wang B, He S, Min Q, Cui F, Wang G. Influence of Residents’ Perception of Tourism’s Impact on Supporting Tourism Development in a GIAHS Site: The Mediating Role of Perceived Justice and Community Identity. Land. 2021; 10(10):998. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100998
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Bojie, Siyuan He, Qingwen Min, Feng Cui, and Guoping Wang. 2021. "Influence of Residents’ Perception of Tourism’s Impact on Supporting Tourism Development in a GIAHS Site: The Mediating Role of Perceived Justice and Community Identity" Land 10, no. 10: 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100998