Prediction of Iron Release during Riverbank Filtration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- the highly biologically active colmation (clogging) zone in the riverbed, in which intensive filtration, degradation, and sorption processes take place over short flow paths and residence times; and
- (2)
- the subsequent subsurface aquifer passage with more moderate degradation and sorption rates, and also the increasing effects of mixing processes.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Water Quality Investigation at RBF Site at Torgau
2.2. Laboratory Experiments
3. Results
3.1. Field Observations
3.2. Laboratory Experiments
4. Discussion
4.1. Control of Iron Concentration at an Existing RBF Site at Torgau
4.2. Control of Iron Concentration as an Aspect of Planning New RBF Sites
4.3. Further Issues Related to Manganese Release
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elbe River | Bank filtrate | Well 22 | Landside GW | Change from River to BF | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | OW I-4/2 | OW I-6/3 | OW I-21/3 | OW I-6/3 | ||
pH | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.1 | - |
EC in µS/cm | 479 | 475 | 466 | 581 | 761 | - |
O2 in mg/L | 10 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | down >99% |
DOC in mg/L | 5.5 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.6 | down 49% |
NH4+ in mg/L | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.02 | down 85% |
NO3− in mg/L | 22.1 | 16.1 | <1 | 1.6 | <1 | down >95% |
Fe2+ in mg/L | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 14.4 | 14.5 | up >200% |
Mn in mg/L | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 0.59 | down 27% |
Cl− in mg/L | 26.5 | 27.2 | 27.0 | 33.4 | 42.9 | - |
SO42- in mg/L | 85 | 91 | 104 | 162 | 257 | up 22% |
Ca2+ in mg/L | 56.6 | 49.5 | 54.1 | 65.3 | 76.3 | - |
Mg2+ in mg/L | 11.0 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 15.2 | - |
Na+ in mg/L | 22.9 | 23.8 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 25.6 | - |
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Grischek, T.; Paufler, S. Prediction of Iron Release during Riverbank Filtration. Water 2017, 9, 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050317
Grischek T, Paufler S. Prediction of Iron Release during Riverbank Filtration. Water. 2017; 9(5):317. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050317
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrischek, Thomas, and Sebastian Paufler. 2017. "Prediction of Iron Release during Riverbank Filtration" Water 9, no. 5: 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050317