Restoration of Shallow Lakes in Subtropical and Tropical China: Response of Nutrients and Water Clarity to Biomanipulation by Fish Removal and Submerged Plant Transplantation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Study Lakes
2.2. Monitoring of Physical and Chemical Parameters
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Response of TN and TP to Biomanipulation
3.2. Response of Chl a to Biomanipulation
3.3. Response of TSS to Biomanipulation
3.4. Response of the SD:WD Ratio to Biomanipulation
4. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Lake Wuli | Lake Qinhu | South Lake* | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unrestored | Restored | F value | P value | Unrestored | Restored | F value | P value | Pre-restoration | Post-restoration | |
TN (mg L−1) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 155.5 | <0.0001 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 143.8 | <0.0001 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
TP (μg L−1) | 51.9 ± 16.4 | 35.6 ± 16.0 | 84.7 | 0.001 | 66.3 ± 25.9 | 48.4 ± 17.1 | 2.2 | 0.212 | 175.7 ± 68.0 | 54.3 ± 18.1 |
Chl a (μg L−1) | 15.6 ± 8.9 | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 545.0 | <0.0001 | 17.0 ± 8.4 | 9.1 ± 4.8 | 23.3 | 0.009 | 71.4 ± 24.7 | 19.0 ± 9.2 |
TSS (mg L−1) | 20.3 ± 8.0 | 6.4 ± 5.2 | 89.1 | 0.001 | 34.1 ± 14.5 | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 746.7 | <0.0001 | 57.6 ± 25.9 | 3.3 ± 2.3 |
SD:WD ratio | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 184.1 | <0.0001 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 192.5 | <0.0001 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
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Yu, J.; Liu, Z.; Li, K.; Chen, F.; Guan, B.; Hu, Y.; Zhong, P.; Tang, Y.; Zhao, X.; He, H.; et al. Restoration of Shallow Lakes in Subtropical and Tropical China: Response of Nutrients and Water Clarity to Biomanipulation by Fish Removal and Submerged Plant Transplantation. Water 2016, 8, 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100438
Yu J, Liu Z, Li K, Chen F, Guan B, Hu Y, Zhong P, Tang Y, Zhao X, He H, et al. Restoration of Shallow Lakes in Subtropical and Tropical China: Response of Nutrients and Water Clarity to Biomanipulation by Fish Removal and Submerged Plant Transplantation. Water. 2016; 8(10):438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100438
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Jinlei, Zhengwen Liu, Kuanyi Li, Feizhou Chen, Baohua Guan, Yaohui Hu, Ping Zhong, Yali Tang, Xuefeng Zhao, Hu He, and et al. 2016. "Restoration of Shallow Lakes in Subtropical and Tropical China: Response of Nutrients and Water Clarity to Biomanipulation by Fish Removal and Submerged Plant Transplantation" Water 8, no. 10: 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100438