Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) over the Centuries Worldwide
Abstract
:1. Prolegomena
Water is the driving force of all nature.—Leonardo da Vinci
2. Very Early (Prehistoric) Times
2.1. Eshnunna/Babylonia and Mesopotamian Empire in Modern Day Iraq (ca. 4000–2000 BC)
2.2. Bronze Age (ca. 3200–1100 BC)
2.3. Ancient Egyptians (ca. 3000–67 BC)
2.4. Ancient Persia (ca. 1200–200 BC)
3. Early Chinese Dynasties
4. Historical Times
4.1. Classical and Hellenistic Periods (ca. 480–67 BC)
4.2. Roman Period
5. Late Chinese Dynasties
6. Byzantine Period and Venetian Rule (ca. 330–1600 AD)
7. Pre-Columbian America
8. Modern Times
9. Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
4000–3000 BC | Early uses of water power was used for irrigation in Mesopotamia |
2500–2000 BC | Minoans invented the shaduf |
2000 BC | Egyptians invented the shaduf |
1200–800 BC | Early use of gravity fed as water lifting in ancient Persia (Qanat, collection of roof rainfall from roof, and horizontal well) |
1600 BC | Chinese invented the Jiégāo (Chinese shaduf). |
800–200 BC | Other methods for water pumping in Persian Empire (Persian shaduf, mohte, Persian wheel, zawafa, sakkia, and Persian Noria) |
287–212 BC | Archimedes the famous Syracusan scientist and engineer invented the water screw |
285–222 BC | The engineer Ktesivius of Alexandria (initially barber) has invented the force pump |
260–180 BC | In Hellenistic Alexandria Philon Byzantius has invented the chain pump |
200 BC | Waterwheel with pots attached or with compartments for the water |
1200 AD | Chinese invented windmill for irrigation |
1698 AD | Thomas Avery invented a pump that operated on steam to create a vacuum to draw water. |
1580 | Sliding vane pump invented by Ramelli; Serviere invents the gear pump |
1650 | Otto van Guericke invents his piston vacuum pump |
1674 | Sir Samuel Morland patents the packed plunger pump |
1687 | Denis Papin, French inventor, develops the first true centrifugal pump, one with straight vanes used for local drainage |
1738 | Ural hydraulic machinery plant established |
1790 | Plenty Ltd established Thomas Simpson establishes his pump business in London. Hayward Tyler established |
1830 | Screw pump invented by Revillion |
1840 | Henry R. Worthington invents the first direct-acting steam pump |
1851 | John Gwynne files his first centrifugal pump patent |
1857 | Henry R. Worthington produces the first horizontal, duplex, direct-acting steam pumps for boiler feed. |
1860 | Allweiler founded—A.S. Cameron invents the first reciprocating stream pump |
1870 | Osborne Reynolds, UK Prof., develops an original design of a centrifugal pump |
1874 | Charles Barnes of New Brunswick invents the vane pump |
1897 | Preston K. Wood makes the first deep well turbine pump in Los Angeles, California |
1899 | Robert Blackmer invents rotary vane pump technology, a pump design that was an important departure from the old gear principle and predecessor to today’s sliding vane pumps. |
1901 | Byron Jackson develops the first deep well vertical turbine pump |
1905 | Multistage centrifugal pumps are developed |
1908 | Hayward Tyler creates its first electric motor for use under water and develops the wet stator motor for use as a boiler circulation glandless motor-pump |
1916 | Aldrich produces the first direct motor-driven reciprocating pump |
1923 | Ruthman Companies designs the world’s first sealless vertical pump |
1927 | Aldrich produces the first variable stroke multi-cylinder reciprocating pump |
1940 | Axial-flow and jet pumps have been used as compressors in jet engines. Jet pumps are used in wells that are deeper than 60.69 m. |
1956 | Flygt introduces the submersible sewage pump |
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Yannopoulos, S.I.; Lyberatos, G.; Theodossiou, N.; Li, W.; Valipour, M.; Tamburrino, A.; Angelakis, A.N. Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) over the Centuries Worldwide. Water 2015, 7, 5031-5060. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7095031
Yannopoulos SI, Lyberatos G, Theodossiou N, Li W, Valipour M, Tamburrino A, Angelakis AN. Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) over the Centuries Worldwide. Water. 2015; 7(9):5031-5060. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7095031
Chicago/Turabian StyleYannopoulos, Stavros I., Gerasimos Lyberatos, Nicolaos Theodossiou, Wang Li, Mohammad Valipour, Aldo Tamburrino, and Andreas N. Angelakis. 2015. "Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) over the Centuries Worldwide" Water 7, no. 9: 5031-5060. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7095031