Determining Characteristic Vegetation Areas by Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Floodplain Flow Modeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Herbaceous Vegetation: TLS Campaign and Manual Vegetation Sampling in the Field
2.2. Woody Vegetation: TLS and Manual Measurements of Trees in the Laboratory
2.3. Characteristic Reference Areas: Regressions between TLS-Based Point Cloud Attributes and Total Plant Area
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Woody Vegetation
3.2. Herbaceous Vegetation
Sample | Atot/AB (m2/m2) | md/AB (kg/m2) | TLS Density (pts/m2) |
---|---|---|---|
1–1 | 2.16 | 0.23 | 7,377 |
1–2 | 2.66 | 0.34 | 13,477 |
2–1 | 1.21 | 0.14 | 7,961 |
2–2 | 1.74 | 0.19 | 494,952 |
3–1 | 0.93 | 0.14 | 135,618 |
3–2 | 1.04 | 0.21 | 4,449 |
3.3. Testing of the Proposed TLS Method for the Characteristic Area Determination
Test Reach | Atot/AB (−) | Atot/AB (−) from TLS | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manual | Mean | Range | St. Dev. | ||
Grasses-U | 3.51 1 | 1.90 | 0.0–5.4 | 0.91 | Sown pasture grasses, upstream reach |
Willows-M | 0.29 2 | 0.40 | 0.0–5.1 | 0.50 | Small, young willows with cut grasses, maintained |
Grasses-D | 3.41 1 | 1.10 | 0.0–3.8 | 0.51 | Sown pasture grasses, downstream reach |
3.4. Summarizing the Process of Characterizing Mixed Floodplain Vegetation from Point Cloud Data
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jalonen, J.; Järvelä, J.; Virtanen, J.-P.; Vaaja, M.; Kurkela, M.; Hyyppä, H. Determining Characteristic Vegetation Areas by Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Floodplain Flow Modeling. Water 2015, 7, 420-437. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7020420
Jalonen J, Järvelä J, Virtanen J-P, Vaaja M, Kurkela M, Hyyppä H. Determining Characteristic Vegetation Areas by Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Floodplain Flow Modeling. Water. 2015; 7(2):420-437. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7020420
Chicago/Turabian StyleJalonen, Johanna, Juha Järvelä, Juho-Pekka Virtanen, Matti Vaaja, Matti Kurkela, and Hannu Hyyppä. 2015. "Determining Characteristic Vegetation Areas by Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Floodplain Flow Modeling" Water 7, no. 2: 420-437. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7020420